纳米银和乙烯利预处理调控伊藤牡丹‘巴茨拉’切花瓶插品质

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220908

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析‘巴茨拉’伊藤牡丹调控切花乙烯致衰的生理效应，以期为牡丹切花保鲜的调控技术提供理论依据。方法: 分别用外源20 μg ·L^-1纳米银(NS)、5和20 μL ·L^-1乙烯利(CEPA)预处理1 h，通过瓶插法观察‘巴茨拉’切花乙烯致衰的调控。利用气相色谱法测定花瓣乙烯释放的动态变化，称重法测定花枝水分状况，分光光度法测定膜脂过氧化水平，高效液相色谱法测定能量状态，结合主成分分析法解析‘巴茨拉’切花瓶插过程中乙烯代谢、脂质过氧化和能量状态各指标之间的关系。结果: 1)‘巴茨拉’切花吸水迅速，瓶插24 h达到盛开状态，瓶插寿命较短，仅有3~4天；纳米银预处理能够显著延长瓶插寿命改善切花瓶插品质，乙烯利加速切花的衰老进程，并且有显著的剂量效应。2)瓶插6 h有短暂的乙烯跃变特征，与对照相比，纳米银预处理乙烯释放峰值降低26.5%，而乙烯利显著促进乙烯释放，5和20 μL ·L^-1乙烯利预处理分别升高了19.0%和125.5%。3)‘巴茨拉’开放衰老是花枝水分失衡与膜脂过氧化加剧的过程，纳米银能够改善花枝的水分状况、抑制丙二醛含量升高和可溶性蛋白质含量降低，乙烯利作用与纳米银作用相反。4)纳米银能够促进呼吸底物转化与积累，提高呼吸代谢关键酶活性和能荷水平；乙烯利则降低呼吸底物含量、降低呼吸代谢关键酶活性和能荷水平。结论: ‘巴茨拉’牡丹切花是乙烯超敏感类型，切花开放和衰老进程受到内源乙烯和能量代谢的共同调控，控制乙烯生物合成与能量状态应成为改善‘巴茨拉’牡丹切花品质的基本策略。

关键词: 伊藤牡丹, ‘巴茨拉’, 切花, 纳米银, 乙烯利, 衰老特征, 代谢, 调控效应

Abstract:

Objective: Itoh peony 'Bartzella' is a popular type of cut flowers among consumers. In this study, fresh cut flowers of Itoh peony were used to study the physiological effect of ethylene induced senescence in order to provide a theoretical basis for the regulating technology of fresh-keeping. Method: The 'Bartzella' cut flowers were exogenously pretreated with 20 μg·L^-1 nano silver (NS), 5 and 20 μL·L^-1 2-chloro-2-ethyl phosphoric acid (CEPA, ethephon) for one hour, respectively. The flowering and senescence characteristics of 'Bartzella' cut flowers were observed by inserting the flowers in vase. The dynamic changes of ethylene release from petals were measured by gas chromatography. The water status of flower branches was measured by weighing method. The membrane lipid peroxidation level was determined by spectrophotometry and the energy state was determined by HPLC. With principal component analysis, the relationship between ethylene metabolism, lipid peroxidation and energy state was analyzed. Result: 1) The results showed that cut flowers of 'Bartzella' absorbed water rapidly, reached full bloom in 24 h after vase inserting, and the vase life was only 3~4 days. The vase life was able to be significantly prolonged in the presence of NS, and the vase quality was improved. However, CEPA accelerated the senescence process of cut flowers, and had a significant dose effect. 2) The cut flowers in vase for 6 h had the characteristics of ethylene climacteric peak. Compared with the control, the ethylene release peak of NS pretreatment decreased by 26.95%, while CEPA significantly promoted the ethylene release, and 5 and 20 μL·L^-1 CEPA increased by 11.52% and 125.50%, respectively. 3) From opening to senescence, 'Bartzella' cut flowers experienced a process of water imbalance and membrane lipid peroxidation intensification of flower branches. NS was able to improve the water status of flower branches, inhibit the increase of MDA content and the decrease of soluble protein content. CEPA had the opposite effect with nano silver. 4) NS promoted the transformation and accumulation of active substrates and improved the activity and energy charge level of key enzymes in respiratory metabolism of petals. However, the effect of CEPA was opposite to that of NS for cut flowers. CEPA decreased the content of respiratory substrates, the activity of key enzymes in respiratory metabolism and the level of energy charge. Conclusion: The cut flower of Itoh peony 'Bartzella' belongs to an ethylene hypersensitive type. From opening to senescence process, 'Bartzella' cut flower is jointly regulated by ethylene, water and energy metabolisms. This study suggests that controlling ethylene and energy metabolisms should be a basis strategy to improve the quality of cut flowers of Itoh peony 'Bartzella'.

Key words: Itoh peony, 'Bartzella', cut flower, nano silver, ethephon, senescence characteristics, metabolism, regulation effect

中图分类号:

S685.11

史国安,王依,史田,高双成,赵渊,尚申申,胡思源. 纳米银和乙烯利预处理调控伊藤牡丹‘巴茨拉’切花瓶插品质[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(9): 79-89.

Guoan Shi,Yi Wang,Tian Shi,Shuangcheng Gao,Yuan Zhao,Shenshen Shang,Siyuan Hu. Nano Silver and Ethephon Pretreatment Regulates the Quality of Cut Flowers of Itoh Peony 'Bartzella'[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(9): 79-89.

图/表 9

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表2

‘巴茨拉’切花瓶插过程中水分状况、乙烯代谢、能量水平与呼吸代谢之间的主成分分析①"

处理 Treatment	主成分 Principal component	各指标得分系数The score coefficient of each indexes
处理 Treatment	主成分 Principal component	FD	FM	FDC	WB	SP	MDA	Eth	ACC	ACS	ACO	EC	ATP	ADP
CK	1	-0.068	-0.028	-0.068	0.066	0.070	-0.064	0.046	-0.047	0.070	-0.040	0.048	0.066	0.061
	2	0.101	0.211	0.100	0.110	0.037	0.081	-0.059	-0.166	0.090	-0.035	0.104	0.114	-0.130
	3	0.080	0.062	0.079	-0.064	-0.016	-0.150	-0.182	0.121	-0.040	0.187	0.213	0.013	0.004
NS	1	-0.063	-0.042	-0.064	0.058	0.062	-0.056	0.044	-0.043	0.068	-0.028	0.048	0.062	0.056
	2	0.099	0.160	0.097	0.132	0.096	0.078	-0.118	-0.164	0.050	-0.062	0.121	0.112	-0.128
	3	0.116	0.183	0.110	0.091	-0.080	-0.250	-0.141	0.177	-0.062	0.301	0.227	-0.039	-0.042
CEPA5	1	-0.066	-0.040	-0.067	0.062	0.068	-0.066	0.037	-0.048	0.057	-0.056	0.043	0.063	0.061
	2	0.077	0.200	0.075	0.134	0.032	0.091	-0.035	-0.183	0.148	-0.013	0.102	0.120	-0.130
	3	0.115	0.068	0.112	0.027	0.053	-0.067	-0.294	0.054	-0.007	0.034	0.219	0.011	-0.038
CEPA20	1	-0.070	-0.011	-0.070	0.070	0.073	-0.062	0.032	-0.053	0.052	-0.065	0.039	0.071	0.059
	2	0.067	0.189	0.066	0.099	-0.022	0.106	0.015	-0.158	0.169	0.008	0.058	0.078	-0.137
	3	0.123	0.139	0.123	0.054	0.060	-0.040	-0.271	-0.023	0.005	0.009	0.249	0.031	-0.062

处理 Treatment	主成分 Principal component	各指标得分系数The score coefficient of each indexes											E	CR(%)
处理 Treatment	主成分 Principal component	AMP	S	G	F	M	SDH	CCO	HA	CA	R		E	CR(%)
CK	1	-0.052	0.049	-0.056	-0.028	-0.072	0.072	0.037	0.048	0.060	0.072		13.097 4.048 2.597	56.945 17.599 11.293
	2	0.038	-0.138	-0.058	0.095	0.012	-0.066	0.197	0.041	0.061	-0.028
	3	-0.251	0.140	0.081	0.267	-0.042	0.049	-0.076	0.176	0.086	-0.060
NS	1 2 3	-0.049	0.050	-0.046	-0.065	-0.067	0.067	0.035	0.057	0.059	0.070		13.931 4.004 2.037	60.568 17.409 8.856
		0.051	-0.127	-0.037	0.036	0.017	-0.079	0.207	0.059	0.080	-0.030
		-0.335	0.115	0.082	0.017	-0.077	0.039	-0.012	0.097	0.035	-0.058
CEPA5	1 2 3	-0.051	0.048	-0.042	-0.063	-0.069	0.068	0.040	0.039	0.053	0.068		13.662 3.783 2.581	59.401 16.450 11.222
		0.060	-0.152	-0.094	0.008	0.018	-0.087	0.203	-0.024	0.028	-0.027
		-0.170	0.132	0.196	0.135	-0.071	0.001	-0.045	0.261	0.164	-0.064
CEPA20	1 2 3	-0.043	0.031	-0.053	-0.073	-0.075	0.072	0.058	0.042	0.053	0.068		12.583 4.371 2.903	54.707 19.002 12.623
		0.070	-0.168	-0.098	-0.021	0.002	-0.081	0.150	-0.086	-0.034	0.000
		-0.145	0.125	0.149	0.108	-0.067	-0.023	-0.002	0.185	0.165	-0.095

表2

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预处理 Pretreament	瓶插寿命 Vase life/h	最佳观赏时间 Best viewing time/h	最大花径 Max flower diameter/cm
对照Control	108.9±5.3 b	71.1±5.3 a	18.5±0.5 b
纳米银NS	118.0±3.4 a	74.2±3.6 a	19.8±0.8 a
5 μl·mL^-1乙烯剂 CEPA5	99.3±4.3 c	69.0±2.5 a	18.0±0.4 b
20 μl·mL^-1乙烯剂 CEPA20	82.0±2.7 d	39.3±2.6 b	17.5±0.5 b

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