芳樟枝叶精油含量与营养元素含量的动态变化及其相关性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211206

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 芳樟醇是当今世界上用途最广、用量最大的香料，人工栽培芳樟矮林收获枝叶提取精油是解决原材料短缺的重要途径。揭示芳樟生长季枝叶精油含量和营养元素含量的动态变化特征及其关系，对矮林养分管理和高产高效栽培模式的建立具有重要意义。方法: 以3个芳樟无性系为研究对象，测定枝叶的精油含量和氮磷钾元素在不同月份的动态变化，利用方差分析和相关性分析探究芳樟精油和营养元素的积累规律和动态关系。结果: 1) 芳樟生长季叶片精油含量总体呈双峰变化曲线，于5月和8月达到峰值，且最大值和最小值差异达到45%以上；而枝条精油含量呈“V”形变化，生长旺盛期较低，且最大值与最小值差异达到35%以上。芳樟叶片精油含量显著大于枝条，叶片/枝条精油比例的波动范围为4.74~15.33。不同无性系叶片和枝条精油含量的变化特征差异显著(P < 0.05)。2) 随着生育进程的推进，芳樟生长季叶片全氮含量呈“W”形变化，枝条全氮含量呈“V”形变化，均于7月或8月达到最低值，叶片/枝条全氮含量的波动范围为1.56~3.84；叶片全磷含量同全氮含量的变化规律类似，呈“W”形变化，于5月或7月降至最低值，而枝条全磷含量逐渐升高；叶片全钾含量呈倒“V”形变化，在6月或8月达到最大值，而枝条全钾含量呈“W”形变化，在5月或7月降至最低值。芳樟各器官中氮磷钾含量均表现为叶片>枝条，且枝叶中氮磷钾含量均表现为全氮>全钾>全磷。不同无性系氮磷钾含量在不同月份变化特征差异均达到显著水平(P < 0.05)。芳樟各器官的氮磷钾含量相关性达到显著或极显著水平。3) 在芳樟生长季的不同月份中，枝叶不同器官的氮磷钾含量与精油含量呈现不同程度的协同或拮抗关系。芳樟叶片精油含量与叶片氮磷钾含量呈负相关关系，其中与叶片全氮含量相关性达到极显著水平；枝条精油含量与枝条氮磷钾含量呈正相关关系，但相关性不显著。结论: 芳樟叶片精油含量在生长旺盛期相对较高，而枝条精油含量呈相反趋势。营养元素含量在生长旺盛期较低，在生长后期较高。要进一步探究精油的形成机制，需考虑品种、生长月份以及营养元素等多因子的综合影响效应。

关键词: 芳樟, 无性系, 精油含量, 氮磷钾, 动态变化, 相关性

Abstract:

Objective: Linalool is the flavor with the widest uses and the largest consumption in the present world. Artificial cultivation of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera in dwarf form is an important way to solve the shortage of raw materials for extraction of essential oil. To reveal the dynamic changes of the contents of essential oil and nutrient in branches and leaves in the growing season and their correlation is of great significance for the establishment of high yield and high efficiency nutrient management and cultivation model of dwarf forest. Method: Dynamic changes of essential oil content and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves and branches were measured for 3 clones in different months and ANOVA and correlation analysis were conducted to detect the patterns of accumulation of essential oil and nutrients and their dynamic relation. Result: 1) The content of leaf essential oil of C. camphora var. linaloolifera showed a bimodal curve, which peaked in May and August, and the difference between maximum and minimum values was more than 45%. However, the content of essential oil in branches showed a "V" type change, with a low content in the period of vigorous growth. The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is more than 35%. The content of essential oil was significantly larger in leaves than in branches, and the fluctuation range of leaf/branch ratio of essential oil was 4.74 to 15.33. The changes of essential oil content in leaves and branches were significant among different clones. 2) As the growth process progresses, the change of total nitrogen content in growing season showed a "W" pattern in leaves and a "V" pattern in branches. All reached the lowest value in July or August. The fluctuation range of total nitrogen content in leaves and branches was 1.56 to 3.84; The total phosphorus content of leaves was similar to that of total nitrogen for a "W" pattern, which reached the minimum value in May or July. The content of total phosphorus in branches increased gradually. The change of total potassium content in leaves showed an inverted "V" pattern, reaching the maximum in June or August. While the change of total potassium content in branches showed a "W" pattern, reaching the lowest value in May or July. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in C. camphora var. linaloolifera was larger in leaves than in branches, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in branches and leaves were nitrogen > potassium > phosphorus. Changes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in different clones in different months reached a significant level (P < 0.05). The correlation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in each organ reached a significant or very significant level. 3) In different months of growing season, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves and branches showed different degrees of synergistic or antagonistic relationship with the content of essential oil. There was a negative correlation between leaf essential oil content and nutrients in leaves of C. camphora var. linaloolifera, and the correlation between total nitrogen content and essential oil content reached a very significant level. There was a positive correlation between branch essential oil content and nutrient content in branches, but the correlation was not significant. Conclusion: The essential oil content in leaves of C. camphora var. linaloolifera was relatively high in the period of vigorous growth, while the essential oil content of branches showed an opposite trend. The nutrient content was lower in the vigorous growth period and higher in the late growth period. In order to further explore the formation mechanism of essential oil, comprehensive effects of variety, growth month and nutrients should be taken into account.

Key words: Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera, clones, essential oil content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, dynamic change, correlation

中图分类号:

赵姣. 芳樟枝叶精油含量与营养元素含量的动态变化及其相关性[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(12): 57-67.

Jiao Zhao. Dynamic Changes of the Contents of Essential Oil and Nutrients of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera and Their Correlation[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(12): 57-67.

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无性系 Clone	月份 Month	叶片精油含量与营养元素含量的相关系数 Correlation coefficients of essential oil content in leaves and nutrient element content
无性系 Clone	月份 Month	叶片全氮 Leaf total nitrogen	叶片全磷 Leaf total phosphorus	叶片全钾 Leaf total potassium	枝条全氮 Branch total nitrogen	枝条全磷 Branch total phosphorus	枝条全钾 Branch total potassium
X1	4	0.575	-0.575	-0.575	-0.575	0.575	0.575
	5	-0.415	-0.415	0.415	0.415	0.415	0.415
	6	0.500	0.500	0.500	-0.500	-0.500	-0.500
	7	-0.483	0.483	0.483	-0.483	0.483	-0.483
	8	-0.728	0.728	0.728	0.728	-0.728	-0.728
	9	0.500	-0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	-0.500
	10	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**

X2	4	-0.827	-0.827	-0.827	0.827	0.827	0.827
	5	1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**
	6	-1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**
	7	-0.729	-0.729	0.729	-0.729	-0.729	-0.729
	8	-0.550	-0.550	-0.550	-0.550	-0.550	-0.550
	9	-0.500	0.500	0.500	-0.500	0.500	0.500
	10	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**

X3	4	0.771	-0.771	0.771	0.771	-0.771	0.771
	5	0.848	0.848	-0.848	-0.848	0.848	-0.848
	6	-0.500	0.500	-0.500	-0.500	0.500	0.500
	7	-0.511	-0.511	0.511	0.511	-0.511	-0.511
	8	0.500	0.500	-0.500	-0.500	0.500	0.500
	9	-0.777	-0.777	-0.777	-0.777	0.777	0.777
	10	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**

无性系 Clone	月份 Month	枝条精油含量与营养元素含量的相关系数 Correlation coefficients of essential oil content in branches and nutrient element content
无性系 Clone	月份 Month	叶片全氮 Leaf total nitrogen	叶片全磷 Leaf total phosphorus	叶片全钾 Leaf total potassium	枝条全氮 Branch total nitrogen	枝条全磷 Branch total phosphorus	枝条全钾 Branch total potassium
X1	4	0.735	-0.735	-0.735	-0.735	0.735	0.735
	5	1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**
	6	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**
	7	-0.999^*	0.999^*	0.999^*	-0.999^*	0.999^*	-0.999^*
	8	0.999^*	-0.999^*	-0.999^*	-0.999^*	0.999^*	0.999^*
	9	-0.894	0.894	-0.894	-0.894	-0.894	0.894
	10	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**

X2	4	-0.091	-0.091	-0.091	0.091	0.091	0.091
	5	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**
	6	-0.120	0.120	0.120	-0.120	-0.120	-0.120
	7	1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**
	8	0.942	0.942	0.942	0.942	0.942	0.942
	9	-0.961	0.961	0.961	-0.961	0.961	0.961
	10	1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**

X3	4	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**
	5	1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**
	6	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**
	7	-1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	-1.000^**
	8	-0.791	-0.791	-0.791	0.791	0.791	-0.791
	9	0.980	0.980	0.980	0.980	-0.980	-0.980
	10	1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	-1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**

营养元素 Nutrient elements	叶片全氮 Leaf total nitrogen	叶片全磷 Leaf total phosphorus	叶片全钾 Leaf total potassium	枝条全氮 Branch total nitrogen	枝条全磷 Branch total phosphorus	枝条全钾 Branch total potassium
叶片全氮Leaf total nitrogen	1.000
叶片全磷Leaf total phosphorus	0.608^**	1.000
叶片全钾Leaf total potassium	0.318^*	0.293^*	1.000
枝条全氮Branch total nitrogen	0.543^**	0.119	0.309^*	1.000
枝条全磷Branch total phosphorus	-0.215	-0.158	-0.340^**	-0.224	1.000
枝条全钾Branch total potassium	0.119	0.042	0.206	0.478^**	0.529^**	1.000

精油含量 Essential oil content	无性系 Clone	叶片全氮 Leaf total nitrogen	叶片全磷 Leaf total phosphorus	叶片全钾 Leaf total potassium	枝条全氮 Branch total nitrogen	枝条全磷 Branch total phosphorus	枝条全钾 Branch total potassium
叶片精油含量 Leaf essential oil content	X1	-0.625^**	-0.104	0.206	-0.399	-0.248	-0.056
	X2	-0.537^**	-0.285	0.347	0.091	-0.261	0.052
	X3	-0.627^**	-0.638^**	-0.603^**	-0.364	0.276	-0.196
枝条精油含量 Branch essential oil content	X1	-0.060	-0.252	-0.104	0.132	-0.458^*	-0.033
	X2	0.166	-0.417	-0.454^*	0.157	0.176	0.128
	X3	0.207	-0.076	-0.406	0.163	0.564^**	0.369
叶片精油含量 Leaf essential oil content		-0.527^**	-0.310^*	-0.206	-0.199	0.179	0.109
枝条精油含量 Branch essential oil content		0.151	-0.097	-0.287^*	0.128	0.195	0.148

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