林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 165-175.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210516
贾茹1,2,孙海燕1,2,王玉荣1,2,*,汪睿1,2,赵荣军1,任海青1
收稿日期:
2019-12-25
出版日期:
2021-05-25
发布日期:
2021-07-09
通讯作者:
王玉荣
基金资助:
Ru Jia1,2,Haiyan Sun1,2,Yurong Wang1,2,*,Rui Wang1,2,Rongjun Zhao1,Haiqing Ren1
Received:
2019-12-25
Online:
2021-05-25
Published:
2021-07-09
Contact:
Yurong Wang
摘要:
目的: 阐明杉木无性系间幼龄材的力学性能差异,筛选力学性能优良的无性系,探究影响杉木幼龄材力学性能的微观结构特征,为杉木优良无性系选育、杉木木材加工利用和加工工艺研发提供科学依据。方法: 以福建洋口国有林场杉木无性系品种比对示范试验林中2个经国家认定的杉木无性系新品种‘洋020’和‘洋061’10年生幼龄材为试验材料,各采伐8株标准株作为样木。按照国标加工、制备主要力学性能试件,测定木材抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度和硬度,应用光学显微图像分析系统、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外显微成像等技术观测样品显微构造并测量微纤丝角、结晶度和木质素含量。采用单因素方差分析进行数据处理,系统分析2个杉木无性系幼龄材微观结构与力学性能的相关性。结果: 杉木无性系‘洋020’早材管胞形态与‘洋061’较为接近,但年轮晚材区比‘洋061’宽,管胞壁较厚,管胞腔较小,壁腔比较‘洋061’约大25%。‘洋020’的平均微纤丝角为12.06°,较‘洋061’(14.97°)约小18%;平均结晶度为39.73%,较‘洋061’(35.88%)高11%左右;木质素含量特征峰高比的平均值较‘洋061’高8%左右;平均抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度和硬度分别为51.36 MPa、10.18 GPa、30.27 MPa和1 497 N,较‘洋061’的平均抗弯强度(42.56 MPa)、抗弯弹性模量(8.98 GPa)、顺纹抗压强度(27.20 MPa)和硬度(1 391 N)分别高21%、13%、11%和8%。结论: 除结晶度外,杉木无性系‘洋020’与‘洋061’幼龄材在解剖构造参数、微纤丝角和木质素等微观结构因子方面均存在显著性差异,‘洋020’幼龄材的抗弯、抗压和硬度等力学性能均高于‘洋061’。杉木无性系幼龄材管胞壁厚度、壁腔比等解剖构造参数以及木质素含量与力学性能呈正相关,细胞壁纤维素微纤丝角与力学性能呈负相关,这些微观结构因子的协同作用影响其力学性能。评价杉木无性系幼龄材木材力学品质性状,解剖构造参数和微纤丝角是最主要的判断依据。
中图分类号:
贾茹,孙海燕,王玉荣,汪睿,赵荣军,任海青. 杉木无性系新品种‘洋020’和‘洋061’10年生幼龄材微观结构与力学性能的相关性[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(5): 165-175.
Ru Jia,Haiyan Sun,Yurong Wang,Rui Wang,Rongjun Zhao,Haiqing Ren. Relativity of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Juvenile Woods of 10-Year-Old New Chinese Fir Clones 'Yang 020' and 'Yang 061'[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(5): 165-175.
表1
2个杉木无性系木材解剖构造参数①"
无性系名称 Name of clones | 晚材Latewood | 早材Earlywood | |||||||||||
双壁厚 Double-wall thickness | 腔径 Lumen diameter | 壁腔比 Wall-lumen ratio | 双壁厚 Double-wall thickness | 腔径 Lumen diameter | 壁腔比 Wall-lumen ratio | ||||||||
平均值 Mean/μm | 标准差 Standard deviation | 平均值 Mean/μm | 标准差 Standard deviation | 平均值 Mean/μm | 标准差 Standard deviation | 平均值 Mean/μm | 标准差 Standard deviation | ||||||
洋061 Yang 061 | 4.93* | 1.13 | 21.20* | 8.97 | 0.23 | 3.20 | 0.64 | 27.48* | 8.67 | 0.12 | |||
洋020 Yang 020 | 5.39* | 1.16 | 18.55* | 6.89 | 0.29 | 3.41 | 0.84 | 25.34* | 5.59 | 0.14 |
表3
针叶材细胞壁聚合物的傅里叶红外特征峰归属"
波数Wavenumber/cm-1 | 吸收峰归属Peaks assignment |
1 736 | 非共轭羰基C=O伸缩振动 The stretching vibration of C=O |
1 600 | 芳环骨架振动和羰基C=O伸缩振动 The vibration of aromatic ring and stretching vibration of C=O |
1 508 | 苯环骨架伸展振动 The extended vibration of benzene ring skeleton |
1 452 | C—H弯曲振动,苯环碳骨架振动 The bending vibration of C—H and vibration of benzene ring skeleton |
1 424 | CH2剪式振动,弯曲振动 The scissoring vibration and bending vibration of CH2 |
1 264 | 苯环氧键伸缩振动 The stretching vibration of benzene epoxy bond |
1 232 | 芳香碳与氧连接键的振动 The vibration of the bond between aromatic carbon and oxygen |
表5
2个杉木无性系木材主要力学性能统计分析"
力学性质 Mechanics | 无性系名称 Names of clones | 强度 Strength | 标准差 Standard deviation | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation(%) | 方差分析 ANOVA |
抗弯强度 MOR | 洋020 Yang 020 | 51.36 MPa | 5.99 | 11.66 | * |
洋061 Yang 061 | 42.56 MPa | 5.84 | 13.72 | * | |
抗弯弹性模量 MOE | 洋020 Yang 020 | 10.18 GPa | 1.20 | 11.73 | * |
洋061 Yang 061 | 8.98 GPa | 1.11 | 12.34 | * | |
顺纹抗压强度 Compressive strength parallel to grain | 洋020 Yang 020 | 30.27 MPa | 2.14 | 7.10 | * |
洋061 Yang 061 | 27.20 MPa | 2.65 | 9.75 | * | |
硬度 Hardness | 洋020 Yang 020 | 1 497 N | 134 | 9.60 | * |
洋061 Yang 061 | 1 391 N | 252 | 18.82 | * |
表6
2个杉木无性系木材不同切面硬度统计分析"
无性系名称 Name of clones | 端面硬度Transverse surface | 径面硬度Radial surface | 弦面硬度Tangential surface | |||||
均值 Mean/N | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation(%) | 均值 Mean/N | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation(%) | 均值 Mean/N | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation(%) | |||
洋020 Yang 020 | 2 125 | 10.36 | 975* | 15.49 | 1 391* | 18.95 | ||
洋061 Yang 061 | 2 090 | 14.95 | 885* | 19.63 | 1 197* | 15.84 |
表7
2个杉木无性系微观结构与力学性能指标"
无性系名称 Names of clones | 微观结构Microstructures | 力学性能Mechanical properties | |||||||
晚材双壁厚 Double-wall thickness of latewood/μm | 晚材壁腔比 Wall-lumen ratio of latewood | 微纤丝角 Microfibril angle/(°) | 结晶度 Crystallinity(%) | 抗弯强度 MOR/MPa | 弹性模量 MOE/GPa | 顺纹抗压强度 Compressive strength parallel to grain/MPa | 硬度 Hardness/N | ||
洋020 Yang 020 | 5.39±1.16 | 0.29 | 12.06±4.13 | 39.73±4.58 | 51.36±5.99 | 10.18±1.20 | 30.27±2.14 | 1 497±134 | |
洋061 Yang 061 | 4.93±1.13 | 0.23 | 14.79±4.08 | 35.88±4.36 | 42.56±5.84 | 8.98±1.11 | 27.20±2.65 | 1 391±252 |
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