横坑切梢小蠹林间危害与诱捕量之间的相关性分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190413

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]明确聚集信息素对横坑切梢小蠹诱捕量与不同危害程度的云南松林有虫梢率之间的关系，为横坑切梢小蠹种群监测与防治提供技术支持。[方法]采用随机抽样法，调查云南省祥云县普淜镇和下庄镇2个样地云南松林内切梢小蠹的危害情况，并在由梢部危害转至干部危害期利用聚集信息素诱捕横坑切梢小蠹成虫，分析横坑切梢小蠹在梢转干时期的种群变化规律及有虫梢率与诱捕量之间的关系。[结果]普淜和下庄2个样地横坑切梢小蠹和云南切梢小蠹是优势种。普淜样地中横坑切梢小蠹占49.75%，雌雄比为1.06∶1；云南切梢小蠹占50.25%，雌雄比为1.32∶1。下庄样地中横坑切梢小蠹占54%，雌雄比为1.45∶1；云南切梢小蠹占46%，雌雄比为1.88∶1。2样地中横坑切梢小蠹蛀梢期树冠有虫梢率从上到下依次降低，普淜样地有虫梢率约为下庄样地的10倍。2样地横坑切梢小蠹的诱捕量在整个梢转干期呈现相同的规律，成虫扬飞均始于11月中旬，终见于翌年5月下旬，扬飞高峰期是3月初至4月下旬。诱捕器中天敌种群数量与横坑切梢小蠹数量有明显的跟随现象。诱捕器中横坑切梢小蠹雌雄性比在1∶1.09~1.71之间，雄性个体数量明显多于雌性。横坑切梢小蠹林间有虫梢率（y）与诱捕量（x）之间呈线性正相关，其中在高虫口密度普淜样地拟合函数关系式为y=0.002 4x+0.060 1（R²=0.67），低虫口密度下庄样地拟合函数关系式为y=0.003 2x-0.004 3（R²=0.71）。[结论]了解高、低虫口密度下横坑切梢小蠹在云南松树冠中的分布规律，利用聚集信息素诱捕可作为监测横坑切梢小蠹种群变化的有效方法，且诱捕量与林间有虫梢率呈线性正相关，诱捕量可反应横坑切梢小蠹在蛀梢期的有虫梢率。

关键词: 横坑切梢小蠹, 云南松, 聚集信息素, 有虫梢率, 相关性分析

Abstract: [Objective] The present study was carried out in order to clarify the relationship between the percentage of Pinus yunnanensis shoots with beetles and trap catches of Tomicus minor (Coleoptera:Scolytidae), and furthermore, to provide technical support for population monitoring and controlling of the T. minor pest in the future.[Method]The shoot damages by Tomicus were investigated by random branch sampling method with a pruner in two different damage level sites of Pupeng and Xiazhuang, Xiangyun County, Yunnan province. The adults were trapped by aggregation pheromone of T. minor during the period from shoots transferring to trunk, in order to evaluate the population flight dynamics and analyze the relationship between the percentage of shoots infected with beetles and trap catches.[Result]T. minor and T. yunnanensis were two dominant Tomicus species in Pupeng and Xiazhuang forest sites. T. minor accounted for 49.75% with sex ratio 1.06:1, however, T. yunnanensis consisted of 50.25% with sex ratio 1.32:1 in the Pupeng forest site. In Xiazhuang forest site, it accounted for 54% of T. minor with sex ratio 1.45:1, and for 46% of T. yunnanensis with sex ratio 1.88:1, respectively. The percentage of shoots with beetles gradually reduced from top crown to bottom crown in Pupeng and Xiazhuang sampling locations, where the density of the Pupeng population was ca. 10 times higher than that of Xiazhuang population. The population flight dynamics of T. minor in Pupeng site showed the same trend as that of Xiazhuang, that is, adult flight began in mid-November and ended in late May of the next year. The peak period of adults' flight activities was from early March to late April. The number of natural enemies and the number of the pests in traps had obvious following phenomena. The traps caught more number of males than females with sex ratio ranging from 1:1.09 to 1.71 (♀:♂). There was a linear positive correlation between the percentage of insect-infected shoots (y) and the amount of the trap catches (x), the fitting function formula was y=0.002 4x + 0.060 1 (R²=0.67) in high population densities area (Pupeng), and y=0.003 2x-0.004 3 (R²=0.71) in low population densities area (Xiazhuang).[Conclusion]This study clarified the distribution patterns of T. minor in the tree crown of Yunnan pine with high and low pest population densities. Furthermore, the aggregation pheromone trapping test could be regard as an effective method to monitor the population dynamic of T. minor in the forest. The trapping amount of pests was positively and linearly correlated with percentage of shoots infected with beetles, suggesting that the number of trap catches could reveal the percentage of shoots infected with beetles.

Key words: Tomicus minor, Pinus yunnanensis, aggregate pheromone, percentage of shoots with beetles, correlation analysis

中图分类号:

S763.302

方加兴, 武承旭, 卢文娟, 刘福, 张苏芳, 张真, 孔祥波. 横坑切梢小蠹林间危害与诱捕量之间的相关性分析[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(4): 129-135.

Fang Jiaxing, Wu Chengxu, Lu Wenjuan, Liu Fu, Zhang Sufang, Zhang Zhen, Kong Xiangbo. Correlation Analysis between the Shoot Damages and Trap Catches of Tomicus minor in the Pinus yunnanensis Forest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(4): 129-135.

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