不同栽培方式对4种黑杨派无性系生长及对春尺蠖抗性的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200522

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究不同栽培方式对杨树生长和害虫抗性及其相互之间关系的影响，探索营造既生长良好又抗旱、抗虫的杨树栽培方式，为提高人工林的森林质量提供参考依据。方法: 2013年3月在河南孟州林场采用欧美杨108号（108杨）、N3016杨、丹红杨和南杨4种黑杨派无性系以纯无性系及4种无性系混合栽培的方式，通过抽样调查评估不同栽培方式对无性系长势、存活率及对杨树重要食叶害虫春尺蠖种群密度的影响；在2013年严重干旱部分无性系死亡的情况下，以抗旱较强的108杨作为补植树种于2014年3月对各小区进行补植，然后调查研究以108杨与其他品系混栽后各处理的生长状况及对春尺蠖的抗虫性。结果: 2013 —2016年间5种处理的年平均树高生长率和年平均胸径生长率都不存在显著差异；但补植108杨后，2016年丹红杨和南杨的树高、胸径都显著大于N3016杨。2013年108杨和N3016杨的当年存活率显著高于丹红杨和南杨（P < 0.05）。连续3年虫害调查发现样地中优势害虫为春尺蠖。3年间各处理的春尺蠖受害率和虫口密度由高到低依次为：108杨、N3016杨、4种无性系混栽、南杨、丹红杨。补植108杨后，108杨和N3016杨及各所在小区的受害率和虫口密度都显著降低；而丹红杨和南杨及各所在小区3年间的受害率和虫口密度都差异不显著（P < 0.05）。另外，2015年与补植108杨混栽的南杨和丹红杨小区的受害率显著低于4种无性系混栽小区，并且补植108杨在南杨和丹红杨小区的受害率和虫口密度显著低于在N3016杨和108杨小区。结论: 从生长、成活率和抗虫性等综合指标分析，108杨虽被害率较高，但具有成活率高、抗旱及耐害性强的优良性状；丹红杨和南杨具有较高的抗虫性并且生长性状良好，但抗旱性较差；3种黑杨无性系均可作为杨树人工林的适宜树种加以推广。并且，选择合适的无性系混栽能有效降低虫害发生，108杨与南杨或丹红杨进行混合栽培可以促进生长并提高抗虫效果。

关键词: 黑杨派, 无性系, 生长性状, 春尺蠖, 抗虫性, 栽培方式

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to clarify the effects of different cultivation methods on the growth of four poplar Aigeiros Section clones as well as their resistance to drought stress and defoliator of Apocheima cinerarius (Lepidoptera:Geometridae) to explore a forest cultivation method that raises the poplar with fast growth,drought resistance and pest resistance,in order to provide a reference for improving the poplar plantation quality. Methods: In March 2013, four poplar Aigeiros section clones (P.×euramericana cv. Guariento,P.×euramericana cl.N3016,P. deltoides cl. Nanyang and P. deltoides cl. Danhong) were planted in the forest farm of Mengzhou,Henan Province with different cultivation methods of pure or mixed forests. The effects of different cultivation methods on the growth rate,survival rate and population density of A. cinerarius,an important leaf eating insect of poplar,were evaluated through sampling survey. In the case that some clones died due to severe drought in 2013,P.×euramericana cv. Guariento with strong drought resistance were used to replenish the planting in each plot in March 2014, and then the growth status of P.×euramericana cv. Guariento forest and its mixture with other clones and their insect resistance were investigated. Results: There was no significant difference in the annual mean tree growth rate and annual mean DBH growth rate of the five treatments during 2013-2016. After the replantation with P.×euramericana cv. Guariento,the height and DBH of P. deltoides cl. Danhong and P. deltoides cl. Nanyang were significantly greater than that of P.×euramericana cl.N3016 in 2016. The annual survival rate of P.×euramericana cv. Guariento and P.×euramericana cl.N3016 was significantly higher than that of P. deltoides cl. Danhong and P. deltoides cl. Nanyang in 2013 (P < 0.05). The main pest was A. cinerarius. In the three years,the damage rate of five forests and the population density of A. cinerarius from high to low respectively was:P.×euramericana cv. Guariento,P.×euramericana cl.N3016,mixed planting,P. deltoides cl. Nanyang and P. deltoides cl. Danhong. After replanting with P.×euramericana cv. Guariento,the damage rate and the insect population density of P.×euramericana cv. Guariento,P.×euramericana cl.N3016 and their plots were significantly reduced. However,there was no significant difference in the damage rate and insect population density between P. deltoides cl. Nanyang,P. deltoides cl. Danhong and their plots during three years. In addition,the damage rates of the plots of P. deltoides cl. Nanyang and P. deltoides cl. Danhong mixed with P.×euramericana cv. Guariento respectively were significantly lower than that of the plots of four clones mixed planting,and the damage rate and insect population density of the replanting of P.×euramericana cv. Guariento in P. deltoides cl. Nanyang and P. deltoides cl. Danhong plots were significantly lower than that in P.×euramericana cv. Guariento and P.×euramericana cl.N3016 plots in 2015 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The study reveals that P.×euramericana cv. Guariento,P. deltoides cl. Danhong and P. deltoides cl. Nanyang should be used as suitable species for poplar plantation. Although P.×euramericana cv. Guariento has high damage rate,but it has high survival rate and strong drought and pest tolerance. P. deltoides cl. Danhong and P. deltoides cl. Nanyang have high pest resistance and good growth traits. P.×euramericana cv. Guariento mixed with P. deltoides cl. Nanyang or P. deltoides cl. Danhong can promote growth and improve resistance to insect pest.

Key words: Sect. Aigeiros, clones, growth properties, Apocheima cinerarius, pest resistance, cultivation pattern

中图分类号:

S763.306

郭丽,张亮,李蓬勃,刘福,王越,孔祥波,张苏芳,张真. 不同栽培方式对4种黑杨派无性系生长及对春尺蠖抗性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(5): 193-202.

Li Guo,Liang Zhang,Pengbo Li,Fu Liu,Yue Wang,Xiangbo Kong,Sufang Zhang,Zhen Zhang. Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on the Growth of Four Poplar Aigeiros Section Clones as well as Their Resistance to Defoliator Apocheima cinerarius (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(5): 193-202.

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处理方式 Treatment	平均树高 Mean tree height/m			年均树高生长率 Growth rate of average annual tree height (%)		平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm			年均胸径生长率 Growth rate of average annual DBH (%)
处理方式 Treatment	2013	2014	2016	2013 —2014	2014 — 2016	2013	2014	2016	2013 — 2014	2014 — 2016
108杨 P. × euramericana cv. Guariento	3.40± 0.08 ab	3.63± 0.14 a	6.20± 0.53 bc	6.83± 4.79 a	35.86± 7.76 a	1.81± 0.03 a	2.80± 0.09 ab	5.63± 0.54 bc	55.27± 8.03 a	51.49± 11.04 a
N3016杨 P. × euramericana cl.N3016	3.04± 0.01 b	3.10± 0.18 a	4.96± 0.44 c	2.02± 5.65 a	30.76± 7.86 a	1.70± 0.13 a	2.23± 0.08 b	4.53± 0.44 c	32.71± 7.71 a	51.96± 9.70 a
混栽 Mixed planting	3.28± 0.06 ab	3.75± 0.25 a	7.57± 0.26 ab	14.37± 7.43 a	52.75± 8.88 a	1.81± 0.02 a	3.11± 0.30 ab	7.12± 0.35 ab	71.28± 15.87 a	68.08± 14.31 a
南杨 P. deltoides cl. Nanyang	2.98± 0.15 b	3.81± 0.24 a	7.75± 0.59 ab	29.39± 12.69 a	53.33± 10.61 a	1.83± 0.04 a	3.26± 0.20 a	7.70± 0.53 ab	78.20± 13.09 a	69.33± 9.76 a
丹红杨 P. deltoides cl. Danhong	3.53± 0.15 a	3.69± 0.27 a	8.50± 0.68 a	4.22± 3.42 a	68.66± 16.41 a	1.76± 0.03 a	2.88± 0.28 ab	8.23± 0.86 a	63.71± 17.98 a	100.29± 27.36 a

指标 Index	年份 Year	108杨 P. × euramericana cv. Guariento	N3016杨 P. × euramericana cl.N3016	混栽 Mixed planting	南杨 P. deltoides cl. Nanyang	丹红杨 P. deltoides cl. Danhong
寄主受害率 Damage rate of host(%)	2013	100.00±0.00aA	91.67±3.40aA	75.00±10.21aAB	47.92±23.17aAB	29.17±13.82aB
	2014	75.00±4.81bA	62.50±5.38bA	41.67±3.40bB	25.00±7.61aBC	16.67±5.89aC
	2015	75.00±3.40bA	58.33±3.41bB	41.67±3.40bC	25.00±3.40aD	20.84±2.40aD
虫口密度 Population density/ (head·plant^-1)	2013	35.25±6.01aA	16.42±4.2aB	13.73±1.89aB	7.79±4.54aB	2.75±1.60aB
	2014	3.25±0.28bA	2.75±0.27bAB	2.02±0.29bABC	1.62±0.38aBC	1.17±0.41aC
	2015	2.52±0.14bA	1.81±0.18bB	1.44±0.10bBC	1.00±0.18aC	0.81±0.10aC

指标 Index	年份 Year	A区 A plot	B区 B plot	C区 C plot	D区 D plot	E区 E plot
寄主受害率 Damage rate of host(%)	2013	100.00±0.00aA	91.67±3.40aA	75.00±10.21aAB	47.92±23.17aAB	29.17±13.82aB
	2014	87.51±2.40bA	81.25±2.69abAB	70.83±1.70aBC	62.51±3.80aCD	58.34±2.95aD
	2015	87.50±1.70bA	76.04±3.56bA	61.46±1.24aB	46.88±4.62aC	44.79±3.94aC
虫口密度 Population density/ (head·plant^-1)	2013	35.25±6.01aA	16.42±4.2aB	13.73±1.89aB	7.79±4.54aB	2.75±1.60aB
	2014	5.65±0.14bA	4.90±0.23bAB	4.04±0.25bBC	3.34±0.26aCD	2.61±0.27aD
	2015	3.59±0.21bA	3.01±0.22bA	2.27±0.12bB	2.00±0.12aBC	1.46±0.02aC

指标 Index	年份 Year	A区 A plot	B区 B plot	C区 C plot	D区 D plot	E区 E plot
寄主受害率 Damage rate of host (%)	2014	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00
寄主受害率 Damage rate of host (%)	2015	100.00±0.00A	93.75±6.25A	81.25±1.25AB	68.75±6.25B	68.75±6.25B
虫口密度Population density/ (head·plant^-1)	2014	8.05±0.05A	7.05±0.21B	6.05±0.27C	5.05±0.21D	4.05±0.18E
虫口密度Population density/ (head·plant^-1)	2015	4.65±0.30A	4.20±0.41AB	3.10±0.20BC	3.00±0.20C	2.10±0.11C
平均树高 Mean tree height/m	2014	3.18±0.12A	3.04±0.08A	2.95±0.08A	2.57±0.21A	2.64±0.26A
平均树高 Mean tree height/m	2016	3.91±0.17A	4.47±0.56A	5.06±0.41A	5.50±0.60A	4.86±0.67A
年平均树高生长率 Growth rate of average annual tree height (%)	2014 —2016	11.81±4.07A	23.44±8.79A	36.06±6.83A	59.47±16.33A	48.62±22.22A
平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm	2014	1.62±0.09A	1.52±0.04A	1.65±0.10A	1.47±0.14A	1.49±0.14A
平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm	2016	2.83±0.21A	3.35±0.29A	3.59±0.34A	4.23±0.75A	3.65±0.65A
年平均胸径生长率Growth rate of average annual DBH (%)	2014 —2016	38.22±7.70A	60.49±10.63A	58.50±7.29A	92.82±19.06A	82.02±34.22A

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