林业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 127-141.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200613
保敏1,乔海莉2,石娟1,骆有庆1,陆鹏飞1,*
收稿日期:
2018-12-24
出版日期:
2020-06-25
发布日期:
2020-07-17
通讯作者:
陆鹏飞
基金资助:
Min Bao1,Haili Qiao2,Juan Shi1,Youqing Luo1,Pengfei Lu1,*
Received:
2018-12-24
Online:
2020-06-25
Published:
2020-07-17
Contact:
Pengfei Lu
摘要:
松树蜂原产于欧洲、亚洲的格鲁吉亚共和国和蒙古国以及北非,是国际上具有极高风险的林业外来入侵生物。先后传入多个国家,对各国松树资源造成重大的经济损失。2013年首次发现入侵我国并定殖于东北地区樟子松林,所以目前急需有效的监测技术来摸清其种群传播态势。本文综述有关松树蜂的繁殖行为和化学生态调控方面的最新研究进展。繁殖行为方面:松树蜂为雄蜂先熟,羽化的松树蜂中,雄蜂数量占绝对优势,其羽化受气候和在树干上羽化孔的高度影响。求偶行为受到物理因素(光、声音)和化学因素(寄主植物挥发物、信息素)的调控。该虫既可孤雌生殖,也可进行两性生殖;孤雌生殖后代全为雄蜂,两性生殖受精卵发育为雌蜂,未受精卵发育为雄蜂。松树蜂雌蜂羽化后即可产卵,部分雌蜂交配后再进行产卵,产卵量受到温湿度、处女蜂体型、树干内部共生菌的共同影响;产卵偏好于受害和衰弱木。化学生态调控方面:松树蜂信息素是两性交流的重要因子,雌蜂表皮中具有接触信息素能引诱雄蜂进行交配;雄蜂释放信息素可以聚集雌、雄两性树蜂;松树蜂信息素释放节律与交配节律表现出一致性。健康寄主、衰弱木、受害木均对树蜂有吸引作用,特别是受胁迫后(农药注干处理和环割)释放的挥发物,主要包括单萜烯,倍半萜烯、芳香族化合物、绿叶气体和碳水化合物等;受到胁迫后释放的挥发物变化存在动态节律。松树蜂可以携带淀粉韧革菌属的共生菌,挥发物主要成分为单萜类、醛类、酯类,酮类,共生真菌的挥发物可以吸引交配后的松树蜂,同时对松树蜂的寄生蜂也有吸引力,说明寄生蜂利用松树蜂的共生真菌来定位松树蜂幼虫和卵的位置。最后,改善林分结构、天敌和线虫防治、卫星遥感监测、检验检疫是近年来常用的松树蜂林间监测和防治技术。
中图分类号:
保敏,乔海莉,石娟,骆有庆,陆鹏飞. 重大入侵害虫松树蜂繁殖行为及化学生态调控研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(6): 127-141.
Min Bao,Haili Qiao,Juan Shi,Youqing Luo,Pengfei Lu. Research Progress in Reproductive Behavior and Chemical Ecological Regulation of the European Woodwasp (Sirex noctilio), a Severe Invasive Pest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(6): 127-141.
表1
松树蜂化学通讯相关信息化学物质"
信息化学物质 Semiochemicals | 试验地点 Location | 收集方法 Collection | 处理方法 Treatments | 化学成分和比例 Chemical compositions and ratios | 文献 References | |
雄蜂信息素 Male pheromone | 美国纽约 NY, USA | 顶空吸附 Headspace | 行为生测 Behavioral test | 顺-3-癸烯醇,顺-4-癸烯醇,反式-2, 4-癸二烯醛 (Z)-3-decen-1-ol, (Z)-4-decen-1-ol, (E, E)-2, 4-decadienal | Cooperband et al.(2009) | |
雄蜂信息素 Male pheromone | 美国马萨诸塞 MA, USA | 固相微萃取 SPME① | 行为生测 Behavioral test | 顺-3-癸烯醇,顺-4-癸烯醇,反式-2, 4-癸二烯醛 (Z)-3-decen-1-ol, (Z)-4-decen-1-ol, (E, E)-2, 4-decadienal | ||
雌蜂信息素 Female pheromone | 美国纽约 NY, USA | 表皮洗脱液 Cuticular washes | 行为观察 Observation | 顺-7-二十七烯,顺-7-二十九烯,顺-9-二十九烯 (Z)-7-heptacosene, (Z)-7-nonacosene, (Z)-9-nonacosene | ||
小蠹虫信息素 Bark beetle pheromone | 美国纽约 NY, USA | 根据文献报道 References | 林间试验 Field test | 马鞭烯醇, (S)-(+)-小蠢二烯醇, 2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇 (Z)-verbenol, ipsdienol, methyl butenol | ||
寄主植物挥发物 Host plant volatile | 多脂松 Pinus resinosa | 美国马萨诸塞 MA, USA | 顶空吸附 Headspace | 室内GC-MS② GC-MS in lab | α-蒎烯, β-蒎烯, 3-蒈烯, α-葑烯,莰烯, β-月桂烯,柠檬烯, β-水芹烯, 3-pinanoneh,樟脑 α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, α-fenchene, camphene, β-myrcene, limonene, β-phellandrene, 3-pinanone, camphor | |
欧洲赤松松针 P. sylvestris needle | 美国马萨诸塞 MA, USA | 顶空吸附 Headspace | 室内GC-MS GC-MS in lab | 2-己醇,己醛, (E)-2-己醛, (Z)-3-己醇,桉叶油醇, (E)-β-法尼烯 2-hexanol, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, eucalyptol, (E)-β-farnesene | ||
欧洲赤松树干 P. sylvestris trunk | 美国马萨诸塞 MA, USA | 顶空吸附 Headspace | 室内GC-MS GC-MS in lab | α -蒎烯, β-蒎烯, 3-蒈烯, α-长叶蒎烯, α-胡椒烯, β-荜澄茄油烯, α-muurolene, γ-荜澄茄烯, δ-荜澄茄烯 α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, α-longipinene, α-copaene, β-cubebene, α-muurolene, ![]() | ||
TNM④ | 南非 South Africa | 根据预试验 Preliminary data | 林间试验 Field test | (+)-α-蒎烯, (-)-α-蒎烯, (-)-β-蒎烯, (+)-3-蒈烯, (+)-莰烯, β-月桂烯, (+)-柠檬烯, (-)-柠檬烯 (+)-α-pinene, (-)-α-pinene, (-)-β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, (+)-camphene, β-myrcene, (+)-limonene, (-)-limonene | ||
TNM | 美国纽约 NY, USA | 根据预试验 Preliminary data | 林间试验 Field test | (+)-α-蒎烯, (-)-α-蒎烯, (-)-β-蒎烯, (+)-3-蒈烯, (+)-莰烯, β-月桂烯, (+)-柠檬烯, (-)-柠檬烯 (+)-α-pinene, (-)-α-pinene, (-)-β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, (+)-camphene, β-myrcene, (+)-limonene, (-)-limonene | ||
樟子松 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica | 中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China | 顶空吸附 Headspace | 室内GC-MS GC-MS in lab | 三环烯, 3-侧柏烯, α-蒎烯,莰烯,桧烯, β-蒎烯, β-月桂烯,柠檬烯, trans-β-罗勒烯,萜品油烯,α-氧化蒎烯,长叶烯 Tricyclene, 3-thujene, α-pinene, Camphene, Sabinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, Limonene, trans-β-Ocimene, Terpinolene, α-pinene oxide, Longifolene | ||
兴安落叶松 Larix gmelinii | 中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China | 顶空吸附 Headspace | 室内GC-MS GC-MS in lab | 三环烯, α-蒎烯,莰烯,桧烯, β-蒎烯, β-月桂烯,柠檬烯, α-雪松烯 Tricyclene, α-pinene, Camphene, Sabinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, Limonene, α-cedrene | ||
红松 P. koraiensis | 中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China | 顶空吸附 Headspace | 室内GC-MS GC-MS in lab | 三环烯, 3-侧柏烯, α-蒎烯,莰烯,桧烯, β-蒎烯, β-月桂烯,柠檬烯, α-雪松烯 Tricyclene, 3-thujene, α-pinene, Camphene, Sabinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, Limonene, α-cedrene | ||
真菌挥发物 Fungal volatile | 中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China | 固相微萃取 SPME | 嗅觉仪 Olfactometer | cycloprop[e]indene-1a, 2(1H)-dicarboxaldehyde, (-)-蓝桉醇, 2-己烯,萜烯,环戊酮 cycloprop[e]indene-1a, 2(1H)-dicarboxaldehyde, (-)-globulol, 2-hexene, Terpene, Cyclopentanone | Wang et al.(2018) | |
阿根廷 Argentina | 固相微萃取 SPME | 嗅觉仪 Olfactometer | 乙醇,丙酮,乙醛, 2, 2, 8-trimethyltricyclo [6.2.2.01, 6]dodec-5-ene Ethanol, Acetone, Acetaldehyde, 2, 2, 8-trimethyltricyclo [6.2.2.01, 6]dodec-5-ene | |||
阿根廷 Argentina | 直接培养 Cultivation | 嗅觉仪 Olfactometer | 菌丝体 Mycelium | |||
美国纽约 NY, USA | 顶空吸附 Headspace | 气相色谱-触角电位联用 GC-EAD③ | 里那醇, 3-乙基苯乙酮, 4-乙基苯乙酮,香叶醇,茴香醛 linalool, 1-(3-ethylphenyl) ethanone, 1-(4-ethylphenyl) ethanone, geraniol, p-anisaldehyde |
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