马尾松人工林土壤有机碳及其组分对林龄的响应及驱动因素

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240089

林业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 75-84.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240089

马尾松人工林土壤有机碳及其组分对林龄的响应及驱动因素

胡建文^1,²,刘常富^1,^3,^4,*(),勾蒙蒙^1,^3,⁴,雷蕾^1,^3,⁴,陈会玲¹,张佳佳¹,朱粟锋¹,斛如媛¹,肖文发^1,^3,⁴

1. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所　国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室　北京 100091
2. 山西大同大学煤基生态碳汇技术教育部工程研究中心　大同 037009
3. 南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心　南京 210037
4. 湖北秭归三峡库区森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站　秭归 443600

收稿日期:2024-02-14 出版日期:2025-06-10 发布日期:2025-06-26
通讯作者: 刘常富 E-mail:liucf898@163.com
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2022XD002)；国家自然科学基金重大项目课题(32192434)。

Response and Driving Factors of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Fractions to Stand Age in Pinus massoniana Plantation

Jianwen Hu^1,²,Changfu Liu^1,^3,^4,*(),Mengmeng Gou^1,^3,⁴,Lei Lei^1,^3,⁴,Huiling Chen¹,Jiajia Zhang¹,Sufeng Zhu¹,Ruyuan Hu¹,Wenfa Xiao^1,^3,⁴

1. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration　Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, CAF　Beijing 100091
2. Engineering Research Center of Coal-Based Ecological Carbon Sequestration Technology of the Ministry of Education Shanxi Datong University　Datong 037009
3. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University　Nanjing 210037
4. Three Gorges Reservoir National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Zigui, Hubei Province　Zigui 443600

Received:2024-02-14 Online:2025-06-10 Published:2025-06-26
Contact: Changfu Liu E-mail:liucf898@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析不同林龄马尾松人工林土壤有机碳（SOC）及其组分碳库变化特征和影响因素，为厘清人工林SOC固存机制提供参考。方法: 以亚热带马尾松人工幼龄林（6 a）、中龄林（13 a）、近熟林（29 a）、成熟林（38 a）和过熟林（57 a）为对象，探索0~10 cm土层SOC及其组分的林龄梯度规律，分析SOC组分变化与林木特征、土壤化学性质和微生物生物量等指标的关系，探讨人工林SOC固存机制。结果: SOC含量在成熟林[（21.90±1.07） g·kg^?1]显著（P<0.05）高于幼龄林[（15.35±0.37） g·kg^?1]和中龄林[（13.22±0.83）g·kg^?1]。成熟林矿物结合组分的干质量分数（72.98%）显著（P<0.05）低于幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林和过熟林，而轻颗粒组分的干质量分数（26.08%）和重颗粒组分的干质量分数（0.93%）显著（P<0.05）高于幼龄林和中龄林(P<0.05）。成熟林矿物结合组分有机碳含量[（21.90±1.07） g·kg^?1]显著（P<0.05）高于幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林和过熟林，重颗粒组分有机碳含量[（21.00±1.76）g·kg^?1]显著（P<0.05）低于过熟林[（55.81±9.89 g·kg^?1]，轻颗粒组分有机碳含量[（286.99±3.69）g·kg^?1]显著（P<0.05）低于中龄林[（335.68±12.45） g·kg^?1]。所有龄组矿物结合组分有机碳质量分数均大于50%，主导SOC积累。成熟林矿物结合组分有机碳质量分数（66.78%）显著（P<0.05）低于幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林和过熟林。相关性分析显示，SOC含量与轻颗粒组分的干质量分数、重颗粒组分的干质量分数和矿物结合组分有机碳含量显著（P<0.05）正相关，与轻颗粒组分有机碳含量显著（P<0.05）负相关。逐步回归分析显示，地表凋落物、轻颗粒组分的干质量分数、重颗粒组分的干质量分数和矿物结合组分有机碳含量驱动SOC积累（R2=0.98）。偏最小二乘模型显示，林分发育过程中矿物结合组分（包含矿物结合组分有机碳含量和碳磷比）对SOC积累总效应最高（0.91）。结论: 马尾松人工林林分发育过程中矿物结合有机碳主导SOC积累，且成熟林SOC的高效固存受地表凋落物和SOC组分的共同调控。

关键词: 马尾松人工林, 土壤有机碳, 土壤有机碳组分, 林龄

Abstract:

Objective: Analyzing the variation characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fraction carbon pools in Pinus massoniana plantations of different stand ages, to provide a reference for clarifying the SOC sequestration mechanisms in plantations. Method: This study investigated subtropical P. massoniana plantations across stand age classes: young (6 a), middle-aged (13 a), near-mature (29 a), mature (38 a), and over-mature (57 a). Explored age-dependent patterns of SOC and its fractions in the 0–10 cm soil layer, analyzed relationships between SOC fraction dynamics and key indicators (tree characteristics, soil chemical properties, and microbial biomass), and further discussed the underlying mechanisms of SOC sequestration in plantation ecosystems. Result: The SOC content in mature plantation was significantly higher than that in young plantation and middle-aged plantation. The dry mass fraction of mineral-associated fraction (72.98%) in mature plantation was significantly lower than young plantation, middle-aged plantation, near-mature plantation and over-mature plantation (92.67%–93.33%), while the dry mass fraction of light particle fraction (26.08%) and heavy particle fraction (0.93%) were significantly higher than young and middle-aged plantations. The organic carbon content of mineral-associated fraction in mature plantation was significantly higher than young, middle-aged, near-mature, and over-mature plantations, the organic carbon content of heavy particulate fraction was significantly lower than that in over-mature plantation, and the organic carbon content of light particulate fraction was significantly lower than middle-aged plantation. The organic carbon mass fraction of mineral-associated fraction in all age groups was > 50%, which dominated the accumulation of SOC. The organic carbon dry mass fraction of mineral-associated fraction in mature plantation (66.78%) was significantly lower than young, middle-aged, near-mature and over-mature plantations. Correlation analysis revealed that SOC content was significantly positively correlated with the dry mass fraction of light particle fraction, the dry mass fraction of heavy particle fraction and the mineral-associated fraction organic carbon content, and was significantly negatively correlated with the light particle fraction organic carbon content. Stepwise regression analysis showed that SOC accumulation was driven by forest floor litter, dry mass fraction of light particle fraction, dry mass fraction of heavy particle fraction and mineral-associated fraction organic carbon content (R²=0.98). The partial least squares model showed that the total effect of mineral-associated fraction (including organic carbon content and carbon-phosphorus ratio of mineral‐associated fraction) on SOC accumulation was the highest (0.91) during stand development. Conclusion: The mineral-associated protection mechanisms mediate the dynamics of soil organic carbon sequestration during stand development in P. massoniana plantations. In the mature plantation, synergistic effects between forest floor litter and SOC fractions facilitated highly efficient SOC sequestration.

Key words: Pinus massoniana plantation, soil organic carbon, soil organic carbon fraction, stand age

中图分类号:

S714.2

胡建文,刘常富,勾蒙蒙,雷蕾,陈会玲,张佳佳,朱粟锋,斛如媛,肖文发. 马尾松人工林土壤有机碳及其组分对林龄的响应及驱动因素[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(6): 75-84.

Jianwen Hu,Changfu Liu,Mengmeng Gou,Lei Lei,Huiling Chen,Jiajia Zhang,Sufeng Zhu,Ruyuan Hu,Wenfa Xiao. Response and Driving Factors of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Fractions to Stand Age in Pinus massoniana Plantation[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(6): 75-84.

图/表 6

表1

表2

不同林龄马尾松人工林土壤生物和化学性质①"

组分 Fractions	指标 Indicators	林龄Stand age/a
组分 Fractions	指标 Indicators	6	13	29	38	57
全土 Bulk soil	土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content / （g·kg^?1）	15.35±0.37BC	13.22±0.83C	18.28±1.05AB	21.90±1.07A	19.86±1.51AB
	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content / （g·kg^?1）	1.62±0.05BC	1.34±0.07C	1.64±0.09BC	2.06±0.07A	1.92±0.08AB
	全磷含量 Total phosphorus content / （g·kg^?1）	0.23±0.06A	0.33±0.01A	0.28±0.03A	0.29±0.01A	0.38±0.03A
	碳氮比 Ratio of carbon to nitrogen	9.48±0.16B	9.84±0.12B	11.14±0.15A	10.64±0.28AB	10.31±0.45AB
	碳磷比 Ratio of carbon to phosphorus	84.95±32.5A	40.63±3.35A	68.64±12.84A	74.91±3.71A	53.32±6.02A
	pH	6.21±0.03A	5.37±0.04B	5.44±0.23B	4.79±0.04B	5.11±0.24B
	细菌生物量 Bacterial biomass / （nmol·g^?1）	5.57±0.61A	5.41±0.22A	6.32±0.01A	6.5±0.65A	7.05±0.68A
	真菌生物量 Fungal biomass /（nmol·g^?1）	0.60±0.06A	0.46±0.01A	0.55±0.02A	0.42±0.04A	0.48±0.05A
	真菌生物量/细菌生物量 Ratio of fungal to bacterial biomass	0.11±0.00A	0.09±0.00B	0.09±0.00B	0.07±0.00C	0.07±0.00C

矿物结合组分 Mineral-associated fraction	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content / （g·kg^?1）	1.34±0.01BC	1.08±0.06C	1.35±0.08BC	1.88±0.08A	1.55±0.13AB
	全磷含量 Total phosphorus content / （g·kg^?1）	0.27±0.02A	0.16±0.01B	0.18±0.02B	0.20±0.00B	0.17±0.01B
	碳氮比 Ratio of carbon to nitrogen	10.53±0.16B	10.95±0.19AB	11.07±0.04AB	11.87±0.42A	11.13±0.16AB
	碳磷比Ratio of carbon to phosphorus	53.63±4.50D	72.76±6.05CD	81.60±4.12BC	112.78±1.93A	102.05±8.18AB

重颗粒组分 Heavy particulate fraction	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content / （g·kg^?1）	2.12±0.12AB	1.81±0.14B	2.05±0.23AB	1.26±0.14B	3.09±0.41A
	全磷含量 Total phosphorus content / （g·kg^?1）	0.33±0.03A	0.35±0.01A	0.33±0.01A	0.19±0.00B	0.22±0.01B
	碳氮比 Ratio of carbon to nitrogen	18.43±0.91A	19.69±0.72A	18.75±0.69A	16.70±0.41A	17.89±0.75A
	碳磷比 Ratio of carbon to phosphorus	124.98±25.42B	102.84±6.55B	114.33±4.98B	109.28±11.33B	249.52±45.53A

轻颗粒组分 Light particulate fraction	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content / （g·kg^?1）	9.68±0.79A	10.01±0.74A	8.03±0.35A	9.10±0.23A	8.17±0.17A
轻颗粒组分 Light particulate fraction	碳氮比 Ratio of carbon to nitrogen	32.72±2.51A	33.75±1.67A	36.04±0.76A	31.58±0.70A	34.10±1.25A

表2

表3

表4

表5

图1

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样地信息	林龄 Stand age /a
Site information	6	13	29	38	57
海拔 Altitude/ m	98.60 ± 8.70	113.10 ± 15.60	97.40 ± 4.40	161.50 ± 3.60	166.40 ± 4.00
坡度 Slope/（°）	5	7	5	5	15
DBH / cm	7.20 ± 0.10C	10.76 ± 0.29C	23.63 ± 1.19B	30.08 ± 1.51A	32.63 ± 1.87A
树高 Tree height / m	6.7 ± 0.1D	8.2 ± 0.1D	12.2 ± 0.4C	15.4 ± 0.2B	17.1 ± 0.6A
林分密度 Stand density /（ tree·hm^?2 ）	3375 ± 535A	2917 ± 131A	625 ± 80B	525 ± 88B	358 ± 46B
灌木生物量 Shrub biomass /（g·m^?2 ）	0.00 ± 0.00A	151.67 ± 47.49A	122.07 ± 25.92A	1029.48 ± 402.58A	489.86 ± 373.18A
草本生物量 Herbage biomass /（g·m^?2 ）	30.23 ± 10.20A	10.71 ± 8.43A	1.66 ± 1.66A	48.14 ± 27.16A	74.90 ± 23.49A
地表凋落物现存量 Forest floor litter biomass / （g·m^?2）	599.77 ± 95.67B	752.91 ± 80.21AB	907.31 ± 73.31AB	1435.31 ± 340.54A	741.97 ± 83.67AB
细根生物量 Fine root biomass / （g·m^?2）	15.10 ± 0.94B	27.60 ± 2.95AB	41.56 ± 7.05AB	56.74 ± 15.85A	56.74 ± 6.69A
土壤密度 Soil density / （g·cm^?3 ）	1.26 ± 0.07A	1.31 ± 0.02A	1.36 ± 0.03A	1.19 ± 0.06A	1.32 ± 0.07A
黏粒含量 Clay content （<2 μm）（%）	22.90 ± 3.13AB	21.72 ± 0.27AB	21.53 ± 1.45B	29.12 ± 0.84A	21.52 ± 0.63B
粉粒含量 Silt content （2 ~ 20 μm）（% ）	66.17 ± 2.12A	65.44 ± 1.01AB	67.23 ± 1.69A	58.94 ± 1.25B	68.71 ± 1.37A
砂粒含量 Sand content （ >20 μm）（% ）	10.92 ± 1.10A	12.84 ± 1.27A	11.25 ± 0.41A	11.94 ± 0.73A	9.77 ± 1.66A

组分Fraction	林龄 Stand age/a	干质量 Dry mass / g	干质量分数 Dry mass fraction （%）	有机碳含量 Organic carbon content / （g·kg^?1）	有机碳干质量分数 Organic carbon dry mass fraction （%）
矿物结合组分 Mineral-associated fraction	6	28.00±0.33 A	93.33±1.09 A	14.14±0.30 BC	80.15±1.83 A
	13	27.80±0.10 A	92.67±0.32 A	11.82±0.69 C	74.86±0.84 A
	29	27.89±0.31 A	92.97±1.03 A	14.89±0.86 BC	75.20±1.56 A
	38	21.90±0.75 B	72.98±2.51 B	22.29±0.38 A	66.78±2.35 B
	57	27.99±0.09 A	93.29±0.29 A	17.27±1.59 B	75.69±0.95 A

重颗粒组分 Heavy particle fraction	6	1.92±0.32 B	6.41±1.06 B	39.34±4.30 AB	14.75±1.00 B
	13	2.09±0.10 B	6.96±0.32 B	35.46±2.53 AB	16.84±0.60 AB
	29	1.88±0.30 B	6.27±1.00 B	38.15±3.00 AB	12.92±1.85 B
	38	7.82±0.72 A	26.08±2.41 A	21.00±1.76 B	22.20±1.08 A
	57	1.83±0.07 B	6.08±0.23 B	55.81±9.89 A	15.70±1.24 B

轻颗粒组分 Light particle fraction	6	0.08±0.01 C	0.27±0.04 C	313.74±13.87 AB	5.11±0.90 B
	13	0.11±0 BC	0.36±0.01 BC	335.68±12.45 A	8.31±0.25 AB
	29	0.23±0.04 AB	0.76±0.13 AB	288.91±8.39 AB	11.88±1.93 A
	38	0.28±0.03 A	0.93±0.11 A	286.99±3.69 B	11.01±1.30 AB
	57	0.19±0.03 ABC	0.63±0.10 ABC	278.30±8.76 B	8.61±2.01 AB

因子Factors	SOC	MF_LPF	MF_HPF	MF_MAF	LPOC	HPOC	MAOC
SOC	1.00	0.67^**	0.56^*	?0.57^*	?0.72^**	0.07	0.93^**
MF_LPF	0.67^**	1.00	0.64^**	?0.66^**	?0.55^*	?0.43	0.63^*
MF_HPF	0.56^*	0.64^**	1.00	?0.99^**	?0.24	?0.66^**	0.79^**
MF_MAF	?0.57^*	?0.66^**	?0.99^**	1.00	?0.25	0.66^**	?0.80^**
LPOC	?0.72^**	?0.55^*	?0.24	?0.25	1.00	?0.14	?0.60^*
HPOC	0.07	?0.43	?0.66^**	0.66^**	?0.14	1.00	?0.16
MAOC	0.93^**	0.63^*	0.79^**	?0.80^**	?0.60^*	?0.16	1.00

逐步回归方程 Stepwise regression equations	决定系数 Determination coefficient （R²）	显著性 Significance （P）
SOC = 0.002FFL + 6.152MF_LPF ? 0.273MF_HPF + 1.070MAOC + 0.509	R²=0.98	P<0.05
MAOC = 0.235MF_HPF + 0.085MC/P + 6.428	R²=0.77	P<0.01
HPOC = ? 0.714MF_HPF+ 0.151HC/P + 24.466	R²=0.93	P<0.01
LPOC = ? 20.011BB + 424.161	R²=0.52	P<0.01

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马尾松人工林土壤有机碳及其组分对林龄的响应及驱动因素

Response and Driving Factors of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Fractions to Stand Age in Pinus massoniana Plantation

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