林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 58-69.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220207
王淑真,梁晶晶,包明琢,潘菲,周垂帆*
收稿日期:
2020-10-14
出版日期:
2022-02-25
发布日期:
2022-04-26
通讯作者:
周垂帆
基金资助:
Shuzhen Wang,Jingjing Liang,Mingzhuo Bao,Fei Pan,Chuifan Zhou*
Received:
2020-10-14
Online:
2022-02-25
Published:
2022-04-26
Contact:
Chuifan Zhou
摘要:
目的: 分析不同林龄杉木林土壤中的磷素形态变化特征, 探讨林龄与不同分类水平解磷菌种类及相对丰度的联系, 为人工林土壤磷素的有效利用和可持续经营提供参考。方法: 在福建南平选取5个林龄(4、15、24、43、100年)杉木人工林, 用改进Hedley磷素分级法测定0~20 cm土壤中不同分级磷素含量, 并采用高通量测序技术对PCR扩增的phoD 基因进行测定, 得到不同分类水平上解磷菌的相对丰度。结果: 在同一林龄杉木林中, 总体上不同分级磷素含量大小依次是Residual-P>NaOH-P>NaHCO3-P>H2O-P>HCl-P。土壤中H2O-IP含量随林龄增加而显著升高(P < 0.05), NaHCO3-IP含量随林龄增加先升后降, 在43年时最大。随林龄增加, 土壤NaOH-P含量波动明显, 表现为24年>100年>43年>4年>15年。有机磷总量整体呈上升趋势, 随林龄变化表现为100年>24年>43年>15年>4年。随林龄增加, 杉木人工林土壤中活性磷含量逐渐升高, 杉木幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林的土壤磷素活性表现为稳定态磷>中等活性磷>活性磷, 过熟林的磷素活性表现为稳定态磷>活性磷>中等活性磷。杉木林土壤的解磷菌丰富度随林龄增加总体表现为43年>100年>24年>15年>4年, 解磷菌种群多样性总体表现为43年>100年>15年>24年>4年。OTU韦恩图和PCoA分析表明, 15年和24年土壤中解磷菌结构和多样性相近, 43年杉木林土壤包含的解磷菌类群最丰富, 且独特性最明显。4年杉木林解磷菌类群数目最少。在门分类水平上, 土壤中变形菌门含量最高, 其次是异常球菌-栖热菌门和放线菌门; 在属分类水平上, 优势类群主要有慢生根瘤菌属、Pseudolabrys、假单胞菌属、异常球菌属等; 冗余分析表明, 土壤NaHCO3-IP与厚壁菌门相对含量呈显著正相关, NaOH-IP与放线菌门、芽单胞菌门等呈显著负相关; HCl-OP与酸杆菌门呈显著负相关, H2O-OP、NaHCO3-IP与慢生根瘤菌属呈显著负相关。结论: 随林龄增加, 杉木人工林土壤中不同形态的磷素含量变化明显, 土壤活性磷含量不断提高, 近熟林和过熟林土壤的潜在供磷能力高于幼龄林和中林龄; 土壤理化性质的改变影响了土壤微生物活性, 解磷菌的丰富度和多样性增加可能在一定程度上提高了杉木人工林土壤磷素的有效性。
中图分类号:
王淑真,梁晶晶,包明琢,潘菲,周垂帆. 不同林龄杉木林土壤磷形态与解磷菌变化[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(2): 58-69.
Shuzhen Wang,Jingjing Liang,Mingzhuo Bao,Fei Pan,Chuifan Zhou. Variation of Soil Phosphorus Fractions and the Phosphorus Solubilizing Microbial Communities in Chinese Fir Monoculture Plantations with Different Ages[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(2): 58-69.
表1
不同林龄杉木林土壤磷素形态特征①"
林龄 Stand age/a | H2O-IP | NaHCO3-IP | NaOH-IP | HCl-IP | Residual-P | H2O-OP | NaHCO3-OP | NaOH-OP | HCl-OP |
4 | 26.77±2.61a | 48.22±8.67a | 88.25±8.12b | 22.11±4.33a | 544.23±56.47c | 18.93±1.52a | 18.12±3.21a | 43.21±7.15a | 18.70±2.31a |
15 | 30.25±3.67b | 56.40±2.85b | 89.58±7.21bc | 21.35±2.89a | 553.14±26.75c | 16.82±2.35a | 20.09±3.03a | 41.30±2.70a | 22.40±1.58b |
24 | 30.31±7.24b | 60.57±4.04bc | 97.21±12.37c | 26.64±4.83a | 510.55±41.74b | 19.62±2.33ab | 19.38±4.95a | 73.80±7.69c | 26.11±4.71b |
43 | 34.82±3.88bc | 65.28±4.65c | 76.66±10.32a | 19.95±2.14a | 489.75±29.18a | 21.64±4.96b | 22.27±6.78a | 63.09±8.58b | 25.57±3.14b |
100 | 38.74±3.57c | 65.12±3.45c | 83.76±9.65b | 21.99±4.17a | 509.74±23.83a | 23.89±4.25b | 38.03±4.30b | 79.55±4.40d | 30.55±3.47c |
表2
磷素形态与解磷菌Alpha多样性指数的相关性分析①"
项目Item | TIP | TOP | 活性磷 Labile phosphorus | 中等活性磷 Moderately labile phosphorus | 稳定态磷 Stable phosphorus | Chao1 | Observed_species | Shannon |
TIP | 1 | |||||||
TOP | -0.444 | 1 | ||||||
活性磷 Labile phosphorus | -0.479 | 0.925* | 1 | |||||
中等活性磷 Moderately labile phosphorus | -0.166 | 0.812 | 0.553 | 1 | ||||
稳定态磷 Stable phosphorus | 0.962** | -0.606 | -0.595 | -0.395 | 1 | |||
Chao1 | -0.900* | 0.531 | 0.674 | 0.153 | -0.913* | 1 | ||
Observed_species | -0.920* | 0.467 | 0.606 | 0.108 | -0.920* | 0.996** | 1 | |
Shannon | -0.883* | 0.240 | 0.422 | -0.116 | -0.836 | 0.950* | 0.970** | 1 |
图8
不同磷素形态与土壤解磷菌相对丰度相关分析 a:门分类水平分析Analysis at phylum classification levels. Prote:变形菌门Proteobacteria;Deino:异常球菌-栖热菌门Deinococcus-Thermus;Actino:放线菌门Actinobacteria;Cyano:蓝细菌门Cyanobacteria;Firm:厚壁菌门Firmicutes;Planct:浮霉菌门Planctomycetes;Acido:酸杆菌门Acidobacteria;Priap:曳鳃动物门Priapulida;Strep:链形植物门Streptophyta;Gemma:芽单胞菌门Gemmatimonadetes;Arthro:节肢动物门Arthropoda;b:属分类水平分析Analysis at genus classification levels. Brady:慢生根瘤菌属Bradyrhizobium;Methy:甲基杆菌属Methylobacterium;Deino:异常球菌属Deinococcus;Afip:阿菲波菌属Afipia;Colli:山冈单胞菌Collimonas;Rholo:红游动菌属Rhodoplanes;Polar:极地单胞菌属Polaromonas;Pseudom:假单胞菌属Pseudomonas;Pseudol:Pseudolabrys. c:种分类水平上分析Analysis at species classification levels. Methy_brac:Methylobacterium brachiatum;Colli_ar:Collimonas arenae;Pseudola_tai:Pseudolabrys taiwanensis;Dein_pro:Deinococcus proteolyticus;lablabi:Bradyrhizobium lablabi; Ramli_tatao:Ramlibacter_tataouinensis;Pseudomo_ch:Pseudomonas chlororaphis;sp.CCBA:Bradyrhizobium sp.CCBAU 51670;sp. SK17:Bradyrhizobium sp. SK17;erythron:Bradyrhizobium erythrophlei;sp. CCGE:Bradyrhizobium sp.CCGE-LA001."
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