林业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (1): 19-31.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230208
韩新生1,2,刘广全1,*(),许浩2,董立国2,郭永忠2,安钰2,万海霞2,王月玲2
收稿日期:
2023-05-17
出版日期:
2024-01-25
发布日期:
2024-01-29
通讯作者:
刘广全
E-mail:.gqliu@iwhr.com
基金资助:
Xinsheng Han1,2,Guangquan Liu1,*(),Hao Xu2,Liguo Dong2,Yongzhong Guo2,Yu An2,Haixia Wan2,Yueling Wang2
Received:
2023-05-17
Online:
2024-01-25
Published:
2024-01-29
Contact:
Guangquan Liu
E-mail:.gqliu@iwhr.com
摘要:
目的: 定量认识土壤有机碳(SOC)含量在坡面上的空间异质性及尺度效应,探索“由点及面”估算坡面平均SOC含量的精确便捷途径,为细致刻画坡面土壤资源状况、全面理解生态系统碳循环、制定土壤高质量管理方案提供科学基础。方法: 在宁夏半干旱黄土丘陵区,选择3个相邻的由退耕还林工程形成的典型坡面,从坡顶向坡脚设置连续样点,调查各样点的土地利用、植被特征、立地条件及表层(0~20 cm)SOC含量,分析其坡向差异、坡位变化;以“离坡顶的水平距离或相对距离”为自变量,以表层SOC含量的顺坡滑动平均值为因变量,定量描述坡面尺度效应;再以坡面上任一样点表层SOC含量与坡面平均值的比值为因变量,实现由“点”到“面”的尺度上推。结果: 研究区表层SOC含量存在明显的坡向差异、坡位变化、尺度效应。表层SOC含量的坡面平均值在南坡(7.60 g·kg?1)最高,东坡(6.42 g·kg?1)次之,西坡(5.65 g·kg?1)最低,其坡位间变幅在东坡(15.95 g·kg?1)最大,其次为西坡(11.34 g·kg?1),最小为南坡(9.72 g·kg?1),说明东坡的坡面效应最强,其次为西坡,南坡最弱。东坡、西坡、南坡表层SOC含量的坡位变化大致相同,均由坡顶向下逐渐减小,至离坡顶水平距离200、150、280 m(相对距离0.73、0.45、0.76)后趋于稳定,主要与坡面“上部为自然状态的坡地+林草植被+恢复年限长、下部为人工梯田+林农植被+扰动频繁”的空间格局有关。在东坡、西坡、南坡上,距坡顶水平距离每增加100 m,SOC含量的滑动平均值分别变化?3.40、?2.50、?1.51 g·kg?1;距坡顶相对距离每增加0.1,SOC含量的滑动平均值分别变化?0.96、?0.75、?0.55 g·kg?1。构建3个坡向不同坡位样点表层SOC含量与坡面平均值的比值随离坡顶水平距离或相对距离增加而变化的数量关系(R2>0.7,P<0.001),籍此可由坡面上任一样点表层SOC含量精确便捷地估算坡面平均值。将所有位点数据融合得出,离坡顶相对距离0.4的位点表层SOC含量最接近坡面平均值。结论: 半干旱黄土丘陵区坡面表层SOC含量沿坡从上至下基本呈先减小后稳定的变化,与土地利用类型、植被类型、恢复年限的坡面分布格局有关。以顺坡(相对)水平坡长增加为尺度变量可较好地定量刻画表层SOC含量的坡面变化特征及尺度效应,藉此可实现坡面表层SOC含量平均值的精确便捷推算。
中图分类号:
韩新生,刘广全,许浩,董立国,郭永忠,安钰,万海霞,王月玲. 宁夏黄土区典型坡面表层土壤有机碳含量的空间变化特征及尺度效应[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(1): 19-31.
Xinsheng Han,Guangquan Liu,Hao Xu,Liguo Dong,Yongzhong Guo,Yu An,Haixia Wan,Yueling Wang. Spatial Variation and Scale Effect of Surface Soil Organic Carbon Content on Typical Slopes in the Loess Region, Ningxia[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(1): 19-31.
表1
坡面及样点的基本信息①"
样点 Sample point | 东坡East slope | 西坡West slope | 南坡South slope | ||||||||
离坡顶水平距离 Horizontal distance from slope top/m | 立地类型 Site type | 主要植被 Main vegetation | 离坡顶水平距离 Horizontal distance from slope top/m | 立地类型 Site type | 主要植被 Main vegetation | 离坡顶水平距离 Horizontal distance from slope top/m | 立地类型 Site type | 主要植被 Main vegetation | |||
1 | 5.8 | A | a | 6.8 | A | b | 3.9 | A | b | ||
2 | 15.1 | A | a | 14.1 | A | b | 14.4 | A | b | ||
3 | 20.5 | A | a | 21.9 | A | b | 25.0 | A | b | ||
4 | 30.6 | A | a | 28.8 | A | b | 37.1 | A | b | ||
5 | 36.0 | A | a | 38.0 | A | b | 44.1 | A | b | ||
6 | 41.2 | A | a | 45.3 | A | b | 53.3 | A | b | ||
7 | 52.5 | A | a | 50.8 | A | b | 67.3 | A | b | ||
8 | 60.8 | A | a | 57.0 | A | b | 80.0 | A | b | ||
9 | 68.8 | A | a | 63.2 | A | b | 91.8 | A | b | ||
10 | 77.5 | A | a | 73.2 | A | b | 113.8 | A | b | ||
11 | 87.0 | A | b | 82.0 | A | b | 130.8 | A | a | ||
12 | 95.1 | A | b | 90.0 | A | b | 138.8 | A | a | ||
13 | 104.7 | A | b | 96.2 | A | b | 143.5 | A | a | ||
14 | 117.5 | A | b | 106.3 | B | d | 150.7 | A | a | ||
15 | 129.9 | A | b | 117.8 | B | d | 154.3 | A | a | ||
16 | 144.5 | A | a | 132.3 | B | e | 181.5 | A | a | ||
17 | 155.4 | A | a | 154.3 | B | e | 185.4 | A | a | ||
18 | 164.3 | B | c | 165.3 | B | c | 201.8 | B | h | ||
19 | 175.3 | B | c | 178.4 | B | d | 216.6 | B | e | ||
20 | 183.3 | B | c | 191.0 | B | f | 233.1 | B | e | ||
21 | 197.0 | B | c | 207.6 | B | f | 247.8 | B | d | ||
22 | 209.0 | B | c | 218.9 | B | g | 262.4 | B | d | ||
23 | 227.7 | B | c | 235.2 | B | g | 270.3 | B | i | ||
24 | 238.1 | B | c | 262.1 | B | g | 282.3 | B | d | ||
25 | 252.8 | B | c | 283.9 | B | g | 293.1 | B | j | ||
26 | 268.0 | B | c | 314.2 | B | c | 306.3 | B | j | ||
27 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 319.2 | B | j | ||
28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 332.4 | B | j | ||
29 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 356.0 | B | f |
表2
表层土壤有机碳含量与坡面均值的比值(y)与离坡顶距离(x)的拟合关系"
坡向 Slope aspect | 离坡顶水平距离 Horizontal distance from slope top | R2 | P | 离坡顶相对距离 Relative distance from slope top | R2 | P | |
东坡 East slope | 0.86 | <0.001 | 0.86 | <0.001 | |||
西坡 West slope | 0.71 | <0.001 | 0.71 | <0.001 | |||
南坡 South slope | 0.71 | <0.001 | 0.71 | <0.001 |
表3
表层土壤有机碳含量的坡面滑动平均值(y)随坡长距离(x)增加而变化的拟合关系"
坡向 Slope aspect | 离坡顶水平距离 Horizontal distance from slope top | R2 | P | 离坡顶相对距离 Relative distance from slope top | R2 | P | |
东坡 East slope | 0.96 | <0.001 | 0.96 | <0.001 | |||
西坡 West slope | 0.97 | <0.001 | 0.97 | <0.001 | |||
南坡 South slope | 0.97 | <0.001 | 0.97 | <0.001 |
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