近自然化改造对马尾松和杉木人工林土壤有机碳化学稳定性的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250243

林业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (11): 1-13.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250243

• 前沿热点 • 下一篇

近自然化改造对马尾松和杉木人工林土壤有机碳化学稳定性的影响

舒韦维^1,³,明安刚^1,*(),杨坤¹,李华^1,³,闵惠琳^1,³,陶怡¹,李忠国^1,³,韦菊玲¹,刘世荣²

1. 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心　凭祥 532600
2. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所　北京 100091
3. 广西友谊关森林生态系统定位观测研究站　友谊关森林生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站　凭祥 532600

收稿日期:2025-04-19 修回日期:2025-08-23 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-11
通讯作者: 明安刚 E-mail:mingangang0111@163.com
基金资助:
中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金项目（CAFYBB2021ZW001–02）；国家自然科学基金项目（U24A20430?02）；广西林业科技推广示范项目（2024GXLK06）。

Effects of Close-to-Nature Transformation on the Chemical Stability of Soil Organic Carbon in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations

Weiwei Shu^1,³,Angang Ming^1,*(),Kun Yang¹,Hua Li^1,³,Huilin Min^1,³,Yi Tao¹,Zhongguo Li^1,³,Juling Wei¹,Shirong Liu²

1. Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry　Pingxiang 532600
2. Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry　Beijing 100091
3. Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi　Pingxiang 532600

Received:2025-04-19 Revised:2025-08-23 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-12-11
Contact: Angang Ming E-mail:mingangang0111@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究近自然化改造对南亚热带针叶人工林土壤有机碳化学组分及其分布均匀性的影响，为揭示针叶人工林近自然经营土壤有机碳化学稳定性机制提供参考依据。方法: 以经过疏伐后在林下补植乡土阔叶树（大叶栎和格木）的马尾松和杉木近自然化改造林及未改造纯林（包括马尾松改造林、杉木改造林、马尾松对照林和杉木对照林）为对象，采用¹³C核磁共振技术系统分析土壤、凋落物和细根的有机碳化学组分（烷基碳、氧烷基碳、芳香碳、羰基碳），并利用Pielou均匀度指数评估土壤、凋落物和细根总有机碳中各类有机碳组分分布的均匀程度。结果: 1）近自然化改造可显著改变马尾松林凋落物、细根和土壤有机碳化学组分：凋落物中，烷基碳比例提高，而氧烷基碳和芳香碳比例降低；细根中，烷基碳比例提高，芳香碳比例降低；土壤中，烷基碳比例提高，氧烷基碳比例降低（P<0.05）；然而，近自然化改造对杉木人工林凋落物、细根和土壤中的各有机碳化学组分均无显著影响。2）马尾松改造林土壤、凋落物和细根的烷基碳比例/氧烷基碳比例比值以及凋落物、土壤Pielou均匀度指数均显著提高。3）近自然化改造可显著增加土壤微生物生物量碳，但并未显著影响土壤细菌Chao1多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数。4） RDA分析表明，细根烷基碳比例和氧烷基碳比例是影响土壤有机碳化学组分最关键的2个因子，说明与凋落物相比，细根有机碳化学组分是导致纯林和改造林土壤有机碳化学组分差异的关键因素。结论: 近自然化改造对土壤有机碳化学稳定性的影响具有明显的树种特异性：马尾松林改造后土壤有机碳化学组分分布更均匀，烷基碳比例及烷基碳比例/氧烷基碳比例比值显著提升，有效增强了有机碳的化学稳定性，而杉木林改造后未产生类似效应。

关键词: 近自然化改造, 有机碳化学组分, Pielou均匀度指数, 化学稳定性, 马尾松, 杉木

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of close-to-nature transformation on the chemical composition and distribution evenness of soil organic carbon in subtropical coniferous plantations in south Asia, providing a reference for revealing the mechanism of soil organic carbon chemical stability under close-to-nature management in coniferous plantations. Method: This study focused on close-to-nature transformed stands of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata, which were thinned and replanted with native broadleaf species (Quercus griffithii and Erythrophleum fordii), as well as untransformed pure stands as controls. Specifically, four plantation types were included: close-to-nature transformed P. massoniana plantation, P. massoniana control plantation, close-to-nature transformed C. lanceolata plantation and C. lanceolata control plantation. The ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to systematically analyze the chemical composition of organic carbon (alkyl C, O-alkyl C, aromatic C, carbonyl C) in soil, litter, and fine roots. The Pielou evenness index was used to assess the distribution evenness of various organic carbon components in the total organic carbon of soil, litter, and fine roots. Result: 1) The close-to-nature transformation significantly altered the organic carbon chemical composition in the litter, fine roots, and soil of P. massoniana plantation: In litter, the proportions of alkyl C increased while O-alkyl C and aromatic C decreased; in fine roots, alkyl C proportion increased while aromatic C proportion decreased; in soil, alkyl C proportion increased while O-alkyl C proportion decreased. However, the transformation had no significant effect on any organic carbon chemical components in litter, fine roots, or soil of C. lanceolata plantation. 2) In the transformed P. massoniana plantation, the alkyl C proportion/O-alkyl C proportion ratio (A/O-A) and the Pielou evenness index of carbon chemical composition in litter and soil significantly increased. 3) The transformation significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), but did not significantly affect soil bacterial Chao1 diversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. 4) Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that fine root alkyl C proportion and O-alkyl C proportion were the two most critical factors influencing SOC chemical composition, indicating that, compared to litter, the chemical composition of fine root organic carbon was the key factor leading to differences in SOC chemical composition between the transformed and pure plantation. Conclusion: The influence of close-to-nature transformation on the chemical stability of SOC displays notable species-specificity. Following transformation, the P. massoniana stand has a more uniform distribution of SOC chemical components, along with a significant increase in alkyl C proportion and the alkyl C proportion/O-alkyl C proportion ratio, effectively enhancing chemical stability of organic carbon. In contrast, no comparable effect has been observed in the transformed C. lanceolata stand.

Key words: close-to-nature transformation, SOC chemical composition, Pielou evenness index, chemical stability, Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata

中图分类号:

S714.2

舒韦维,明安刚,杨坤,李华,闵惠琳,陶怡,李忠国,韦菊玲,刘世荣. 近自然化改造对马尾松和杉木人工林土壤有机碳化学稳定性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(11): 1-13.

Weiwei Shu,Angang Ming,Kun Yang,Hua Li,Huilin Min,Yi Tao,Zhongguo Li,Juling Wei,Shirong Liu. Effects of Close-to-Nature Transformation on the Chemical Stability of Soil Organic Carbon in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(11): 1-13.

图/表 11

表1

林分基本情况与经营历史"

年份 Years	项目 Item	杉木对照林Cunninghamia lanceolata control plantation	杉木改造林Close-to-nature transformed Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	马尾松对照林 Pinus massoniana control plantation	马尾松改造林 Close-to-nature transformed Pinus massoniana plantation
1993	造林Afforestation	种植2年生容器苗，初植密度2500株?hm^?2 Plant 2-year-old container seedlings at an initial density of 2 500 trees·hm^?2	种植2年生容器苗，初植密度2500株?hm^?2 Plant 2-year-old container seedlings at an initial density of 2 500 trees·hm^?2	种植2年生容器苗，初植密度2500株?hm^?2 Plant 2-year-old container seedlings at an initial density of 2 500 trees·hm^?2	种植2年生容器苗，初植密度2500株?hm^?2 Plant 2-year-old container seedlings at an initial density of 2 500 trees·hm^?2
1993— 1995	新造林抚育Tending of young plantation	全铲抚育6次 Complete clearing （6 times）	全铲抚育6次 Complete clearing （6 times）	全铲抚育6次 Complete clearing （6 times）	全铲抚育6次 Complete clearing （6 times）
2000	透光伐Release cutting	透光伐Release cutting	透光伐Release cutting	透光伐Release cutting	透光伐Release cutting
2004	生长伐Increment thinning	保留密度1200株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 1200 trees·hm^?2	保留密度1200株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 1200 trees·hm^?2	保留密度1200株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 1200 trees·hm^?2	保留密度1200株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 1200 trees·hm^?2
2007	生长伐Increment thinning	保留密度1200株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 1200 trees·hm^?2	保留密度600株? hm^?2 Reserved density: 600 trees·hm^?2	保留密度1200株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 1 200 trees·hm^?2	保留密度600株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 600 trees·hm^?2
2008	林下补植Understory replanting	不补植No replanting	均匀补植大叶栎、格木各 300株?hm^?2 Evenly replanting Quercus griffithii and Erythrophleum fordii （300 trees·hm^?2 each）	不补植No replanting	均匀补植大叶栎、格木各 300株?hm^?2 Evenly replanting Quercus griffithii and Erythrophleum fordii （300 trees·hm^?2 each）
2009	改造林抚育Tending in transformed plantation	不抚育No tending	抚育2次Tending （2 times）	不抚育No tending	抚育2次Tending （2 times）

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指标Indices	树种 Tree species	杉木对照林Cunninghamia lanceolatea control plantation	杉木改造林Close-to-nature transformed Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	马尾松对照林Pinus massoniana control plantation	马尾松改造林Close-to-nature transformed Pinus massoniana plantation
DBH/cm	杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata	14.87±4.31a	20.78±3.47b	—	—
	马尾松Pinus massoniana	—	—	26.91±7.56b	35.33±6.32a
	格木Erythrophleum fordii	—	7.51±4.41a	—	5.71±3.29a
	大叶栎Quercus griffithii	—	21.47±7.75a	—	26.93±7.97a

树高Tree height/m	杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata	13.63±2.05a	14.01±1.72a	—	—
	马尾松Pinus massoniana	—	—	20.31±3.16a	21.23±2.29a
	格木Erythrophleum fordii	—	7.23±3.43a	—	6.29±3.53a
	大叶栎Quercus griffithii	—	13.92±2.72b	—	18.49±4.38a

土层厚度 Soil thickness/cm		≥100	≥100	≥100	≥100
坡向 Slope aspect		西南Southwest	西南Southwest	西北Northwest	西北Northwest
坡度 Slope/ （°）		24.6±2.6a	23.1±2.9a	21.3±3.6a	22.4±4.1a
郁闭度 Canopy density		0.78±0.09b	0.79±0.11b	0.71±0.09b	0.88±0.03a
凋落物量 Litter fall/（t?hm^?2a^?1）		9.02±0.19b	9.54±0.34	10.23±0.94a	10.84±0.49a

指标Indices	杉木对照林Cunninghamia lanceolata control plantation	杉木改造林Close-to-nature transformed Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	马尾松对照林Pinus massoniana control plantation	马尾松改造林Close-to-nature transformed Pinus massoniana plantation
有机碳含量Organic carbon （SOC）content/（g·kg^?1）	21.10±4.08a	23.03±0.42a	30.35±2.84a	30.38±2.82a
全氮含量Total nitrogen（TN） content/（g·kg^?1）	1.50±0.25a	1.37±0.03a	1.82±0.01a	1.93±0.04a
全磷含量Total phosphorus （TP） content/（g·kg^?1）	0.23±0.01b	0.25±0.02ab	0.28±0.01ab	0.29±0.01a
有效磷含量Available phosphorus （AP） content/（mg·kg^?1）	1.11±0.03b	1.16±0.03b	1.55±0.02a	1.28±0.12b
硝态氮含量NO₃^?-N content/（mg·kg^?1）	5.38±0.88b	4.37±1.24b	5.71±0.24b	12.65±1.56a
铵态氮含量NH₄⁺-N content/（mg·kg^?1）	7.81±0.10b	15.89±4.38a	4.23±1.31c	9.26±0.23b
微生物生物量碳含量Microbial biomass carbon （MBC） content/（mg·kg^?1）	234.44±14.75c	312.50±16.26b	301.12±12.27b	388.13±5.88a
微生物生物量氮含量Microbial biomass nitrogen （MBN） content/（mg·kg^?1）	36.41±3.22b	46.51±2.11ab	39.07±3.29b	53.30±4.06a
细菌Chao1多样性指数 Bacterial Chao1 diversity index	2158.81±33.22a	2047.26±91.42ab	1739.11±83.56c	1706.89±93.02bc
细菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Bacterial Shannon-Wiener diversity index	5.87±0.11a	5.72±0.12a	5.60±0.02a	5.61±0.04a
细根生物量 Fine root biomass （FRB）/（g·m^?2）	401.57±53.71b	675.26±21.50ab	536.92±65.16b	862.86±202.43a

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Effects of Close-to-Nature Transformation on the Chemical Stability of Soil Organic Carbon in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations

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