黄檀属3个珍贵树种叶片挥发性成分及类黄酮组成分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240722

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析降香黄檀、交趾黄檀和印度黄檀叶片挥发性成分、类黄酮组成及其差异，为黄檀属树种非木质林产品的开发和综合利用提供科学依据。方法: 应用固相微萃取结合GC-MS对样品进行检测和分析，计算相对气味活度值(ROAV)并确定关键风味物质；在中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)数据库中筛选关键药用活性成分[口服生物利用度(OB)≥20%、类药性(DL)≥0.10]，获得相关靶点和疾病信息；采用超声波提取叶片类黄酮，并应用LC-MS/MS检测类黄酮组成。结果: 从降香黄檀叶片中鉴别出80种挥发性成分，主要包括水杨酸甲酯(14.52%)、苯甲醇(11.64%)、β-红没药烯(6.08%)和苯乙醇(5.52%)；交趾黄檀叶片中检测到31种挥发性成分，主要包括α-紫罗兰酮(17.12%)、1-(1-甲基环戊-2-烯-1-基)乙烷-1-酮(16.45%)、(3E,5E)-辛-3,5-二烯-2-酮(16.34%)、β-紫罗兰酮(14.89%)、3,4-二甲基环己醇(7.18%)和二氢猕猴桃内酯(6.35%)；印度黄檀叶片中鉴别出71种挥发性成分，相对含量较高的有β-紫罗兰酮(10.26%)、d-柠檬烯(9.25%)、2-苯甲酸戊酯(6.50%)和苯甲醇(5.35%)。降香黄檀叶片挥发物中鉴别出16种风味物质，关键风味物质为α-紫罗兰酮、水杨酸甲酯、壬醛和香叶基丙酮；交趾黄檀叶片中鉴别出6种风味物质，关键风味物质为α-紫罗兰酮和香叶基丙酮；印度黄檀叶片中鉴别出12种风味物质，关键风味物质为壬醛、香叶基丙酮、d-苧烯和萘。从降香黄檀叶片挥发性物质中挖掘出 (+)-环苜蓿烯、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和石竹素4种药用活性成分；交趾黄檀叶片中仅有法尼基丙酮1种，印度黄檀叶片中有(+)-环苜蓿烯、α-蒎烯、石竹素和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯共4种药用活性成分。降香黄檀叶片中有14种类黄酮，主要为鸢尾黄素(62.01%)、香叶木素(13.68%)和樱黄素(6.51%)；交趾黄檀叶片中有22种，主要为芦丁(30.01%)、香蒲新苷(24.19%)和堪非醇 3-新橙皮糖苷(9.58%)；印度黄檀叶片中有11种，主要为樱黄素(60.8%)、芦丁(18.02%)和山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖(7.80%)。结论: 3种黄檀属植物叶片的挥发性物质组成丰富，包含多种风味物质及药用活性成分，且叶片中富含类黄酮化合物，在药用、香精香料以及日化用品中均显示出巨大的开发潜力。

关键词: 黄檀, 叶片, 挥发性物质, 类黄酮, 非木质林产品

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to investigate the volatile compounds and flavonoid composition in leaves of Dalbergia odorifera, D. cochinchinensis and D. sissoo, and their differences, so as to provide scientific evidence for the development and comprehensive utilization of non-wood forest products derived from Dalbergia species. Method: The solid-phase microextraction method was used to extract the samples, and the GC-MS was used to detect volatile compounds. The relative odor activity values (ROAVs) were calculated and the key odor substances were determined through the odor threshold and the relative content. All identified compounds were queried in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the key bioactive components were screened based on Oral Bioavailability ≥ 20% and Drug-Likeness ≥ 0.10. Meanwhile, relevant targets and associated diseases were further analyzed. Flavonoids were extracted by ultrasonic wave, and LC-MS/MS was applied to detect the flavonoid composition. Result: A total of 80 volatile compounds were identified from D. odorifera leaves, majorly including methyl salicylate (14.52%), benzyl alcohol (11.64%), β-bisabolene (6.08%) and phenylethyl alcohol (5.52%). A total of 31 volatile compounds were detected in D. cochinchinensis leaves, including α-ionone (17.12%), 1-(1-methyl-2-cyclopentenyl) ethenone (16.45%), 3,5-octadien-2-one (16.34%), β-ionone (14.89%), 3,4-dimethylcyclohexanol (7.18%), and dihydroactindiolide (6.35%). A total of 71 volatile compounds were identified from D. sissoo leaves, including β-ionone (10.26%), d-limonene (9.25%), 2-pentylbenzoate (6.50%), and benzyl alcohol (5.35%). A total of 16 flavor compounds were identified from D. odorifera leaves, with the key flavor compounds being α-ionone, methyl salicylate, nonanal, and geranylaceton. Six flavor compounds were identified in D. cochinchinensis leaves, with the key flavor compounds being α-ionone and geranylaceton. Twelve flavor compounds were identified in D. sissoo leaves, with the key flavor compounds being nonanal, geranylaceton, d-limonene, and naphthalene. Four medicinally active compounds were identified in D. odorifera leaves, including (+)-cyclosativene, α-copaene, β-copaene and caryophyllene oxide, while only one active component of farnesyl acetone was identified in D. cochinchinensis leaves, the medicinally active compounds identified from D. sissoo leaves contained (+)-cyclosativene, α-copaene, caryophyllene oxide and dibutyl phthalate. There were 14 types of flavonoids in D. odorifera leaves, majorly including tectorigenin (62.01%), diosmetin (13.68%) and prunetin (6.51%). There were 22 flavonoid species in leaves of D. cochinchinensis, majorly including rutin (30.01%), typhaneoside (24.19%) and kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside (9.58%). However, in D. sissoo leaves, there were 11 flavonoid species, majorly including prunetin (60.80%), rutin (18.02%), and nicotiflorin (7.80%). Conclusion: The leaves of the above three Dalbergia species are rich in volatile compounds, including a variety of flavor and medicinally active components, as well as flavonoids. The findings show their great development potential for applications in pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and personal care products.

Key words: Dalbergia spp., leaves, volatile compounds, flavonoids, non-wood forest products

中图分类号:

S792.28

朱士铭,马宁,崔之益,徐大平,苏宇,刘小金. 黄檀属3个珍贵树种叶片挥发性成分及类黄酮组成分析[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(12): 94-105.

Shiming Zhu,Ning Ma,Zhiyi Cui,Daping Xu,Yu Su,Xiaojin Liu. Analysis of Volatile Components and Flavonoid Composition in Leaves of Three Precious Dalbergia Species[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(12): 94-105.

图/表 6

表1

3种黄檀属树种叶片挥发性成分组成①"

编号 No.	保留时间 Retention time/min	化合物 Compounds	分子式 Molecular formula	CAS号 CAS No.	匹配度 Similarity (%)	类别 Type	相对含量 Relative content (%)
编号 No.	保留时间 Retention time/min	化合物 Compounds	分子式 Molecular formula	CAS号 CAS No.	匹配度 Similarity (%)	类别 Type	JX	JZ	YD
1	3.30	呋喃 Furan	C₄H₄O	110-00-9	92.78	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	—	—	0.16
2	3.36	二甲醇缩甲醛 Methylal	C₃H₈O₂	109-87-5	94.69	醛类 Aldehyde	1.56	—	2.12
3	6.92	3-甲基-2-丁醇 3-Methyl-2-butanol	C₅H₁₂O	598-75-4	88.87	醇类 Alcohols	—	0.09	—
4	8.15	2，4-二甲基己烷 2，4-Dimethylhexane	C₈H₁₈	589-43-5	94.00	烷烃类 Alkane	—	—	0.16
5	9.13	3，4-环氧基-4-甲基戊酮 3，4-Epoxy-4-methylpentan-2-one	C₆H₁₀O₂	4478-63-1	84.59	酮类 Ketone	—	—	0.13
6	9.57	丙醛二乙基乙缩醛 3，3-Diethoxy-1-propyne	C₇H₁₂O₂	10160-87-9	87.13	醛类 Aldehyde	—	—	0.52
7	10.86	丙烯酸丁酯 Butyl acrylate	C₇H₁₂O₂	141-32-2	87.22	酯类 Ester	—	—	0.11
8	12.01	2，4-二甲基-2，4-庚二烯 2，4-Dimethyl-2，4-heptadiene	C₉H₁₆	74421-05-9	82.82	烯类 Alkene	—	—	0.31
9	12.17	5-甲基-3-亚甲基-5-己烯-2-酮 5-Methyl-3-methylene-5-hexen-2-One	C₈H₁₂O	51756-18-4	84.81	酮类 Ketone	0.15	—	—
10	12.80	4-氧代己基-2-烯醛 4-Oxohex-2-enal	C₆H₈O₂	20697-55-6	82.21	醛类 Aldehyde	—	—	0.09
11	12.98	正庚醇 1-Heptanol	C₇H₁₆O	111-70-6	94.10	醇类 Alcohols	0.06	—	—
12	13.22	蘑菇醇 1-Octen-3-ol	C₈H₁₆O	3391-86-4	95.87	醇类 Alcohols	1.08	—	0.72
13	13.37	苯酚 Phenol	C₆H₆O	108-95-2	92.42	酚类 Phenol	0.16	—	—
14	13.41	3-辛酮 3-Octanone	C₈H₁₆O	106-68-3	88.05	酮类 Ketone	0.07	—	—
15	13.43	甲基庚烯酮 Methylheptenone	C₈H₁₄O	110-93-0	91.35	酮类 Ketone	2.26	—	2.79
16	13.52	2-正戊基呋喃 2-Pentylfuran	C₉H₁₄O	3777-69-3	86.68	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	0.17	3.21	0.75
17	13.66	3-辛醇 3-Octanol	C₈H₁₈O	589-98-0	95.10	醇类 Alcohols	0.21	—	—
18	13.68	1-（1-甲基环戊-2-烯-1-基）乙烷-1-酮 1-（1-Methyl-2-cyclopentenyl）ethanone	C₈H₁₂O	68752-16-9	85.65	酮类 Ketone	—	16.45	—
19	13.79	顺式2-（2-戊烯基）呋喃 cis-2-（2-Pentenyl）furan	C₉H₁₂O	70424-13-4	87.34	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	—	1.59	—
20	13.95	反式-3-己烯酸 trans-3-Hexenoic acid	C₆H₁₀O₂	1577-18-0	93.20	有机酸 Organic acids	—	—	3.52
21	14.03	2，6-二甲基-壬烷 2，6-Dimethyl-nonane	C₁₁H₂₄	17302-28-2	89.40	烷烃类 Alkane	—	—	0.30
22	14.37	反式-2-己烯酸 trans-2-Hexenoic acid	C₆H₁₀O₂	1191-04-4	93.44	有机酸 Organic acids	—	—	2.02
23	14.46	环丙基苯 Cyclopropylbenzene	C₉H₁₀	873-49-4	92.22	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	—	—	0.43
24	14.49	d-苧烯 d-Limonene	C₁₀H₁₆	5989-27-5	90.96	烯类 Alkene	0.22	—	9.25
25	14.57	2-乙基己醇 2-Ethylhexanol	C₈H₁₈O	104-76-7	92.30	醇类 Alcohols	—	—	2.23
26	14.59	4-甲基环己-3-烯甲醛 4-Methylcyclohex-3-enecarbaldehyde	C₈H₁₂O	7560-64-7	85.79	醛类 Aldehyde	—	0.77	—
27	14.66	2，2，6-三甲基环己酮 2，2，6-Trimethylcyclohexanone	C₉H₁₆O	2408-37-9	88.88	酮类 Ketone	0.39	—	—
28	14.70	苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	C₇H₈O	100-51-6	98.26	醇类 Alcohols	11.64	0.95	5.53
29	14.76	2-甲烯基丁内酯 3-Methylenedihydro-2（3H）-furanone	C₅H₆O₂	547-65-9	86.97	酯类 Ester	—	—	0.11
30	14.80	3-辛烯-2-酮 3-Octen-2-one	C₈H₁₄O	1669-44-9	81.77	酮类 Ketone	0.15	—	—
31	14.84	5-乙烯基-5-甲基四氢呋喃-2-酮 5-ethenyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one	C₇H₁₀O₂	1073-11-6	81.51	酮类 Ketone	0.11	—	0.18
32	15.01	3-蒈烯 3-Carene	C₁₀H₁₆	13466-78-9	88.48	烯类 Alkene	0.35	—	—
33	15.14	2，4，4-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-醇 2，4，4-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol	C₉H₁₆O	73741-61-4	90.54	醇类 Alcohols	1.30	3.16	—
34	15.17	γ-己内酯 γ-Caprolactone	C₆H₁₀O₂	695-06-7	94.24	酯类 Ester	1.70	—	0.73
35	15.25	5-甲基-2-乙酰基呋喃 2-Acetyl-5-methylfuran	C₇H₈O₂	1193-79-9	84.12	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	—	0.13	—
36	15.27	反式-2-辛烯醛 trans-2-Octenal	C₈H₁₄O	2548-87-0	88.20	醛类 Aldehyde	0.29	—	0.50
37	15.51	对甲基苯甲醛 p-Tolualdehyde	C₈H₈O	104-87-0	94.90	醛类 Aldehyde	0.63	—	—
38	15.58	辛醇 1-Octanol	C₈H₁₈O	111-87-5	90.74	醇类 Alcohols	0.34	—	0.45
39	15.59	（3E，5E）-辛-3，5-二烯-2-酮 3，5-Octadien-2-one	C₈H₁₂O	38284-27-4	81.60	酮类 Ketone	—	16.34	—
40	15.71	α-亚甲基-γ-戊内酯 α-Methylene-γ-valerolactone	C₆H₈O₂	62873-16-9	84.47	酯类 Ester	0.05	—	0.19
41	15.79	2，4，6-三甲基-1-壬烯 2，4，6-Trimethyl-1-nonene	C₁₂H₂₄	55771-40-9	88.20	烯类 Alkene	—	—	0.35
42	15.90	顺式-1，4-二甲基环辛烷（1R，4S）-1，4-Dimethylcyclooctane	C₁₀H₂₀	13151-99-0	90.11	烷烃类 Alkane	—	—	0.38
43	16.00	4-乙烯基-1，2-二甲基苯 4-Ethenyl-1，2-dimethyl-benzene	C₁₀H₁₂	27831-13-6	88.48	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	—	0.61	—
44	16.19	1-乙基-4-乙烯基苯 1-Ethenyl-4-ethylbenzene	C₁₀H₁₂	3454-07-7	93.36	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	1.80	—	2.95
45	16.29	反式-香桧烯醇 trans-Sabinene hydrate	C₁₀H₁₈O	17699-16-0	90.30	醇类 Alcohols	0.62	1.26	0.98
46	16.37	壬醛 Nonanal	C₉H₁₈O	124-19-6	91.57	醛类 Aldehyde	0.64	—	3.72
47	16.41	6-甲基-3，5-庚二烯-2-酮 6-Methyl-3，5-heptadiene-2-one	C₈H₁₂O	1604-28-0	85.54	酮类 Ketone	0.53	—	—
48	16.49	3，4-二甲基环己醇 3，4-Dimethylcyclohexanol	C₈H₁₆O	5715-23-1	83.11	醇类 Alcohols	—	7.18	—
49	16.60	苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol	C₈H₁₀O	60-12-8	96.55	醇类 Alcohols	5.52	—	0.37
50	16.67	1，2-二氢萘 1，2-Dihydronaphthalene	C₁₀H₁₀	447-53-0	81.78	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	0.39	0.12	0.69
51	16.69	α-环柠檬醛 α-Cyclociral	C₁₀H₁₆O	432-24-6	88.94	醛类 Aldehyde	0.31	—	—
52	16.79	脱氢桧酮 10-Nor-2-thujen-4-one	C₉H₁₂O	36262-12-1	84.70	酮类 Ketone	0.25	—	—
53	16.95	1，2-二乙烯基苯 1，2-Divinylbenzene	C₁₀H₁₀	91-14-5	95.60	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	0.30	—	0.42
54	17.32	茶香酮 4-oxoisophorone	C₉H₁₂O₂	1125-21-9	94.13	酮类 Ketone	0.17	0.93	0.39
55	17.38	2-己基-1，3-二氧戊环 2-Hexyl-1，3-dioxolane	C₉H₁₈O₂	1708-34-5	81.46	醚类 Ether	—	—	0.05
56	17.76	3-乙基苯甲醛 3-Ethylbenzaldehyde	C₉H₁₀O	34246-54-3	91.78	醛类 Aldehyde	0.24	0.44	0.84
57	17.97	左薄荷脑 Levomenthol	C₁₀H₂₀O	2216-51-5	81.12	醇类 Alcohols	—	—	0.30
58	18.02	2，4-二甲基苯甲醛 2，4-Dimethylbenzaldehyde	C₉H₁₀O	15764-16-6	97.73	醛类 Aldehyde	—	—	1.73
59	18.20	萘 Naphthalene	C₁₀H₈	91-20-3	92.01	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	0.29	0.16	0.68
60	18.25	邻甲基苯乙酮 2-Methylacetophenone	C₉H₁₀O	577-16-2	81.91	酮类 Ketone	—	—	0.30
61	18.45	水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate	C₈H₈O₃	119-36-8	98.38	酯类 Ester	14.52	0.13	0.08
62	18.58	藏红花醛 Safranal	C₁₀H₁₄O	116-26-7	96.22	醛类 Aldehyde	1.42	0.35	1.91
63	18.92	2，3-二氢苯并呋喃 2，3-Dihydrobenzofuran	C₈H₈O	496-16-2	88.37	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	0.30	—	—
64	19.02	β-环柠檬醛 β-Cyclocitral	C₁₀H₁₆O	432-25-7	97.77	醛类 Aldehyde	3.27	—	4.21
65	19.28	异戊酸己酯 Hexyl 2-methylbutyrate	C₁₁H₂₂O₂	10032-15-2	84.61	酯类 Ester	0.05	—	—
66	19.80	β-环高柠檬醛 β-Homocyclocitral	C₁₁H₁₈O	472-66-2	95.47	醛类 Aldehyde	0.58	—	1.21
67	20.54	十三烷 Tridecane	C₁₃H₂₈	629-50-5	94.03	烷烃类 Alkane	0.12	—	—
68	20.81	薄荷内酯 Menthalactone	C₁₀H₁₄O₂	13341-72-5	80.57	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	—	0.76	—
69	20.90	5-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚 5-Ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol	C₉H₁₀O₂	621-58-9	96.08	酚类 Phenol	3.30	—	1.05
70	21.21	2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde	C₈H₈O₃	673-22-3	90.56	醛类 Aldehyde	—	—	0.22
71	21.28	4-苯基-1-环己烯 4-Phenyl-1-cyclohexene	C₁₂H₁₄	4994-16-5	82.19	烯类 Alkene	—	0.25	0.26
72	21.37	邻甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methoxybenzoate	C₉H₁₀O₃	606-45-1	97.50	酯类 Ester	1.39	—	—
73	21.99	（+）-环苜蓿烯（+）-Cyclosativene	C₁₅H₂₄	22469-52-9	90.17	烯类 Alkene	0.10	—	0.11
74	22.02	2，6，10-三甲基十二烷 2，6，10-Trimethyldodecane	C₁₅H₃₂	3891-98-3	82.96	烷烃类 Alkane	0.07	0.21	0.27
75	22.14	4-己烯-1-基酯己酸（Z）-4-Hexen-1-yl hexanoate	C₁₂H₂₂O₂	88552-98-1	94.65	有机酸 Organic acids	—	—	2.09
76	22.16	α-蒎烯 α-Copaene	C₁₅H₂₄	3856-25-5	94.60	烯类 Alkene	0.57	—	0.36
77	22.23	顺式-3-己烯酸顺式-3-己烯酯 cis-3-Hexenyl cis-3-hexenoate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	61444-38-0	92.01	酯类 Ester	0.21	—	4.44
78	22.31	6-十二醇 6-Dodecanol	C₁₂H₂₆O	6836-38-0	84.89	醇类 Alcohols	0.12	—	—
79	22.35	β-波旁烯 β-Bourbonene	C₁₅H₂₄	5208-59-3	86.71	烯类 Alkene	1.02	—	—
80	22.36	乙二醇单苯并酸酯 Ethylene glycol monobenzoate	C₉H₁₀O₃	94-33-7	91.14	酯类 Ester	—	—	0.68
81	22.44	2-苯甲酸戊酯 2-Pentylbenzoate	C₁₂H₁₆O₂	39180-02-4	93.36	酯类 Ester	—	—	6.50
82	22.46	十四烷 Tetradecane	C₁₄H₃₀	629-59-4	89.44	烷烃类 Alkane	—	0.49	—
83	22.58	6，10-二甲基十一烷-2-酮 6，10-Dimethylundecan-2-one	C₁₃H₂₆O	1604-34-8	91.34	酮类 Ketone	0.21	—	0.42
84	22.65	（+）-7-表-倍半萜烯（+）-7-Epi-sesquithujene	C₁₅H₂₄	159407-35-9	85.24	烯类 Alkene	0.10	—	—
85	22.67	1，6-二甲基萘 1，6-Dimethylnaphthalene	C₁₂H₁₂	575-43-9	93.81	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	0.07	0.05	0.14
86	22.71	1，3，5-三甲氧基苯 1，3，5-Trimethoxybenzene	C₉H₁₂O₃	621-23-8	87.06	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	0.05	—	—
87	23.01	石竹烯 Caryophyllene	C₁₅H₂₄	87-44-5	96.48	烯类 Alkene	4.12	—	—
88	23.09	α-紫罗兰酮 α-Ionone	C₁₃H₂₀O	127-41-3	94.69	酮类 Ketone	2.90	17.12	—
89	23.18	β-蒎烯 β-Copaene	C₁₅H₂₄	18252-44-3	94.78	烯类 Alkene	0.67	—	—
90	23.23	α-顺式佛手柑烯 cis-α-Bergamotene	C₁₅H₂₄	18252-46-5	96.59	烯类 Alkene	3.63	—	—
91	23.24	苯甲酸异戊酯 Isopentyl benzoate	C₁₂H₁₆O₂	94-46-2	80.08	酯类 Ester	—	—	0.19
92	23.37	丹皮酚 Paeonol	C₉H₁₀O₃	552-41-0	91.59	酚类 Phenol	—	—	0.24
93	23.47	香叶基丙酮 Geranylaceton	C₁₃H₂₂O	3796-70-1	89.94	酮类 Ketone	0.94	4.04	4.10
94	23.54	顺式-β-金合欢烯 cis-β-Farnesene	C₁₅H₂₄	28973-97-9	94.38	烯类 Alkene	0.46	—	—
95	23.56	（3-羟基苯基）苯甲酸酯（3-Hydroxyphenyl） benzoate	C₁₃H₁₀O₃	136-36-7	94.96	酯类 Ester	—	—	2.27
96	23.59	2，6，10-三甲基十三烷 2，6，10-Trimethyltridecane	C₁₆H₃₄	3891-99-4	89.50	烷烃类 Alkane	—	0.50	—
97	23.79	双环倍半水芹烯 Bicyclosesquiphellandrene	C₁₅H₂₄	54324-03-7	86.49	烯类 Alkene	0.50	—	—
98	23.83	7，8-环氧-α-紫罗兰酮 7，8-Epoxy-α-ionone	C₁₃H₂₀O₂	37079-64-4	86.47	酮类 Ketone	—	0.96	—
99	24.01	γ-茂伦烯 γ-Muurolene	C₁₅H₂₄	30021-74-0	95.58	烯类 Alkene	0.51	—	—
100	24.06	α-姜黄烯 α-Curcumene	C₁₅H₂₂	644-30-4	94.99	烯类 Alkene	0.63	—	—
101	24.14	β-紫罗兰酮 β-Ionone	C₁₃H₂₀O	79-77-6	92.27	酮类 Ketone	4.26	14.89	10.26
102	24.28	1，11-氧化卡拉醚 1，11-Oxidocalamenene	C₁₅H₂₀O	143785-42-6	92.26	醚类 Ether	0.16	—	—
103	24.33	表二环倍半水芹烯 1-Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene	C₁₅H₂₄	54274-73-6	88.93	烯类 Alkene	0.29	—	—
104	24.42	α-依兰油烯 α-Muurolene	C₁₅H₂₄	31983-22-9	81.37	烯类 Alkene	—	—	0.15
105	24.45	α-法呢烯 α-Farnesene	C₁₅H₂₄	502-61-4	94.93	烯类 Alkene	2.65	—	—
106	24.52	β-红没药烯 β-Bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	495-61-4	96.03	烯类 Alkene	6.08	—	—
107	24.68	γ-杜松烯 γ-Cadinene	C₁₅H₂₄	39029-41-9	97.04	烯类 Alkene	0.81	—	—
108	24.72	5-羟基-3-甲基-2，3-二氢-1H-茚-1-酮 5-1H-Inden-1-one, 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-	C₁₀H₁₀O₂	57878-30-5	81.41	酮类 Ketone	—	—	0.23
109	24.84	反式卡拉门烯 trans-Calamenene	C₁₅H₂₂	73209-42-4	87.29	烯类 Alkene	0.49	—	—
110	25.01	二氢猕猴桃内酯 Dihydroactindiolide	C₁₁H₁₆O₂	17092-92-1	97.44	酯类 Ester	2.16	6.35	4.15
111	25.19	α-二去氢菖蒲烯 α-Calacorene	C₁₅H₂₀	21391-99-1	89.98	烯类 Alkene	0.06	—	—
112	25.28	榄香素 Elemicin	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	487-11-6	96.42	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	4.03	—	—
113	25.42	反式-橙花叔醇 trans-Nerolidol	C₁₅H₂₆O	40716-66-3	90.16	醇类 Alcohols	—	—	0.44
114	25.59	顺式-3-己烯醇苯甲酸酯 cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate	C₁₃H₁₆O₂	25152-85-6	96.85	酯类 Ester	0.59	0.14	3.11
115	25.67	4，8，12-三甲基-1，3，7，11-十三碳四烯 4，8，12-Trimethyltrideca-1，3，7，11-tetraene	C₁₆H₂₆	62235-06-7	95.63	烯类 Alkene	0.31	—	—
116	25.91	石竹素 Caryophyllene oxide	C₁₅H₂₄O	1139-30-6	88.11	醚类 Ether	0.34	—	0.35
117	25.96	十六烷 Hexadecane	C₁₆H₃₄	544-76-3	96.72	烷烃类 Alkane	—	—	0.19
118	26.67	茅苍术醇 Hinesol	C₁₅H₂₆O	23811-08-7	90.68	醇类 Alcohols	0.22	—	—
119	26.82	T-杜松醇 T-cadinol	C₁₅H₂₆O	5937-11-1	81.98	醇类 Alcohols	0.24	—	—
120	26.87	异榄香脂素 Isoelemicin	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	5273-85-8	95.47	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	0.27	—	—
121	27.38	卡达萘 Cadalene	C₁₅H₁₈	483-78-3	95.56	芳香类 Aromatic compounds	0.06	—	—
122	27.45	环十四烷 Cyclotetradecane	C₁₄H₂₈	295-17-0	83.61	烷烃类 Alkane	0.05	—	—
123	28.75	苯甲酸苄酯 Benzyl benzoate	C₁₄H₁₂O₂	120-51-4	88.31	酯类 Ester	—	—	0.05
124	29.80	植酮 Phytone	C₁₈H₃₆O	502-69-2	94.40	酮类 Ketone	0.65	—	1.61
125	30.91	法尼基丙酮 Farnesyl acetone	C₁₈H₃₀O	1117-52-8	81.52	酮类 Ketone	—	0.09	—
126	30.98	3，7，11，15-四甲基十六烷-1-炔-3-醇 Dhydroisophytol	C₂₀H₃₈O	29171-23-1	86.41	醇类 Alcohols	—	—	0.26
127	31.54	邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 Dibutyl phthalate	C₁₆H₂₂O₄	84-74-2	96.32	酯类 Ester	—	—	0.26

表1

表2

表3

图1

图2

图3

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化合物 Compounds	香气描述词 Odor description	阈值 Odor threshold/(mg·kg^–1)	ROAV
化合物 Compounds	香气描述词 Odor description	阈值 Odor threshold/(mg·kg^–1)	JX	JZ	YD
苯酚 Phenol	酚类气味 Phenolic	5.5	0.003	—	—
d-苧烯 d-Limonene	柑橘香、柠檬香 Citrus， lemony	0.22	0.090	—	4.804
苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	花香、玫瑰香 Floral， rose	5.5	0.190	0.003	0.115
γ-己内酯 γ-Caprolactone	焦糖香、奶油香 Caramel， buttery	13	0.012	—	0.006
辛醇 1-Octanol	花香、脂肪香 Floral， fatty	0.5	0.061	—	0.103
壬醛 Nonanal	青草香、脂肪香 Green grassy， fatty	0.00425	13.501	—	100.000
6-甲基-3，5-庚二烯-2-酮 6-Methyl-3，5-heptadiene-2-one	花香、果香 Floral， fruity	0.1	0.475	—	—
苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol	玫瑰香、花香 Rose， floral	41.1	0.012	—	0.001
左薄荷脑 Levomenthol	薄荷香、清凉香 Minty， cooling	0.95	—	—	0.036
萘 Naphthalene	樟脑 Camphoraceous	0.05	0.520	0.049	1.554
水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate	水果香、薄荷香 Fruity， minty	0.06	21.697	0.033	0.152
石竹烯 Caryophyllene	花香、木香 Floral， woody	406	0.001	—	—
α-紫罗兰酮 α-Ionone	紫罗兰香、花香 Violet， floral	0.0026	100.000	100.000	—
香叶基丙酮 Geranylaceton	花香、果香 Floral， fruity	0.01	8.428	6.136	46.841
二氢猕猴桃内酯 Dihydroactindiolide	杏仁香、甜香 Almond， sweet	0.5	0.387	0.193	0.948
榄香素 Elemicin	木香、花香 Woody， floral	279	0.001	—	—
植酮 Phytone	花香、果香 Floral， fruity	1	0.058	—	0.184

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