林地产权安全对林农非木质林产品经营投入的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240421

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 量化分析林地产权安全对林农非木质林产品经营积极性的影响及作用机制，为深化集体林权制度改革提供决策参考。方法: 基于2023年江西和浙江两省集体林区582户农户调研数据，考虑到林地经营的长周期性，综合使用熵值法、Tobit模型分析法律和事实维度产权安全对林农非木质林产品经营投入的影响，构建感知产权安全的中介效应模型，分析感知产权安全在法律和事实产权安全对林农投入影响中的中介作用。结果: 1）法律和事实产权安全对林农非木质林产品经营中用工投入和资本投入均有显著促进作用。2）感知产权安全在法律产权安全对林农非木质林产品经营用工投入和资本投入的影响中会发挥部分中介作用，中介效应强度分别为36.5%和49.1%；同样，感知产权安全在事实产权安全对林农非木质林产品经营用工投入和资本投入的影响中也具有部分中介效应，中介效应强度分别为24.9%和26.1%。3）产权安全水平对不同林地规模、不同收入的林农影响程度存在差异，林地规模较小、林业收入水平较低的林农更易受产权安全的影响。结论: 深化集体林权制度改革不仅要加强法律、事实层面上的政策实施，还应将政策效果有效转化为林农的主观认知，促进林农非木质林产品经营积极性。

关键词: 集体林权制度改革, 产权安全, 非木质林产品, 用工投入, 资本投入

Abstract:

Objective: This study quantitatively analyzes the impacts and mechanisms of various aspects of property rights security on rural households’ motivations to manage non-timber forest. The findings aim to provide decision-making insights for advancing reform of the collective forest rights system. Method: This research conducted a sample survey of 582 households in the collective forest areas of Zhejiang and Jiangxi. By applying the entropy method and Tobit model, we empirically estimated the effect of property rights security on households' investments in non-timber forest management. Furthermore, a mediating effect model of perceived property rights security was constructed to examine its role in mediating the effects of legal and factual property rights security on these investments. Result: 1) Both legal and factual property rights security significantly promoted labor inputs and cash inputs by farmers. 2) Perceived property rights security partially mediated the impact of legal property rights security on the labor and cash inputs in non-timber forest management, with mediation effects of 36.5% and 49.1%, respectively. Similarly, perceived property rights security also had a partial mediating effect on the impact of factual property rights security on labor and cash inputs, with mediation strengths of 24.9% and 26.1%, respectively. 3) The impact of property rights security varies among farmers with different forest sizes and income levels; those with smaller forest areas and lower forestry income levels are more vulnerable to property rights insecurity. Conclusion: To deepen the reform of the collective forest rights system, it is necessary not only to strengthen policy implementation at both legal and factual levels, but also to correctly guide the perceptions of farmers, effectively transforming policy effects into the subjective cognition of farmers, thereby enhancing their enthusiasm for managing non-timber forest products.

Key words: collective forest rights system reform, property rights security, non-timber forest product, labor input, cash investment

中图分类号:

S7-9
F307.2

谢芳婷,施建玲,朱臻,沈月琴. 林地产权安全对林农非木质林产品经营投入的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(8): 204-218.

Fangting Xie,Jianling Shi,Zhen Zhu,Yueqin Shen. Impact of Forest Property Rights Security on Rural Households’ Inputs in Non-Timber Forest Management[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(8): 204-218.

图/表 14

表1

表2

变量指标及说明"

变量 Variable	变量定义 Variable definitions	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
用工投入 Labor input	农户一轮经营周期内每公顷工日投入（包括自用工和雇工） Farmers’ labor input per hectare (including self-employed and hired workers) in a round of management cycle/d	0	3 277.500	404.859	458.801
资本投入 Cash investment	农户一轮经营周期内每公顷资本投入（包括种子、农药、化肥、机械等资本投入） Farmers’ cash investment per hectare in a round of management cycle (including seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, machinery, etc.)/yuan	0	419 550	32 115.660	54 377.75
林权证 Forest tenure certificates	林权证持有情况（1 = 没有林权证；2 = 部分林地有林权证； 3 = 所有林地有林权证） Holding of forest tenure certificates (1 = No forest tenure certificate; 2 = Some forest land has forest tenure certificates; 3 = All forest land has forest tenure certificates)	1	3	2.562	0.786
承包期 Contract period	根据林农所剩的承包期限进行赋值（1 = 30年以下；2 = 30~45年； 3 = 45~60年；4 = 60~70年） Assignment is based on the remaining contract period of the forest farmer (1 = Less than 30 years; 2 = 30?45 years; 3 = 45?60 years; 4 = 60?70 years)	1	4	2.586	1.414
无纠纷 Dispute-free	林地是否存在纠纷（1 = 否；0 = 是） Whether there is a dispute over the forestland (1 = No; 0 = Yes)	0	1	0.907	0.290
林地四至 Forest boundaries	林地四至是否清晰（1 = 不清晰；2 = 比较不清晰；3 = 一般； 4 = 比较清晰；5 = 清晰） Whether the boundaries of the forestland is clear (1=Unclear; 2=Relatively unclear; 3=General; 4=Relatively clear; 5=Clear)	1	5	3.897	1.508
保障感知 Assurance perception	您是否认为您家林地权益受到保障1~5打分（1 = 不同意； 5 = 完全同意） Do you think your family’s forestland rights are protected, score 1?5 (1 = Disagree; 5 = Completely agree)	1	5	3.229	1.505
调整感知 Adjust perception	家庭林地未来是否会进行调整（1 = 调整；2 = 不确定；3 = 不调整） Whether there will be adjustments to the family forestland in the future (1 = Adjustment; 2 = Uncertain; 3 = No adjustment)	1	3	2.570	0.715
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	熵值法测算林权证、承包期指标 The entropy value method was used to measure the index of forest tenure certificate and contract period	0	1	0.536	0.397
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	熵值法测算林地纠纷、林地四至指标 The entropy value method was used to measure the index of dispute-free and forest boundaries	0	1	0.699	0.355
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	熵值法测算保障感知、调整感知指标 The entropy value method was used to measure the index of assurance perception and adjust perception	0	1	0.568	0.339
年龄 Age	户主年龄 Age of the head of household/10 years old	2.600	9.100	5.988	0.972
教育程度 Educational attainment	户主接受教育的年限 Number of years of education for the head of household/a	0	17	7.196	3.553
非农人口 Non-farm population	家庭从事非农业劳动人口数量 Number of laborers engaged in non-agricultural sector within a household	0	8	1.192	1.104
务农人口 Farming population	家庭从事农业劳动的人口数量 Number of laborers engaged in agricultural within a household	0	4	1.660	0.775
林业收入 Forestry income	农户家庭的林业收入 Forestry income of rural households/yuan	0	400 000	38 476.500	84 635.590
林地数量 Number of forest tracts	农户家庭拥有的林地数量 The number of forest tracts	0	21	3.046	2.725
林地面积 Forestland area	农户家庭拥有的林地面积 Area of forestland/hm²	0.033	42.021	2.231	4.635
林地距离 Forestland distance	农户林地离家的距离 Distance from home’ to forestland/10 km	0	2	0.238	0.264
毛竹 Moso bamboo	农户种植品种是否为毛竹（1 = 是；0 = 否） Whether the farmer’s planting variety is moso bamboo (1 = Yes; 0 = No)	0	1	0.216	0.412
油茶 Camellia oleifera	农户种植品种是否为油茶（1 = 是；0 = 否） Whether the farmer’s planting variety is Camellia oleifera (1 = Yes; 0 = No)	0	1	0.309	0.463
茶叶 Tea	农户种植品种是否为茶叶（1 = 是；0 = 否） Whether the farmer's planting variety is tea (1 = Yes; 0 = No)	0	1	0.363	0.481
人均收入 Per capita income	村庄中所有农户的人均可支配收入 Per capita disposable income in the village/yuan	3 500	56 200	23 104.124	13 036.858
村庄距离 Village distance	村委会离乡镇政府的距离 Distance from village to the town/10 km	0	2	0.483	0.451

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一级指标 Primary index	二级指标 Secondary index	权重 Weight	属性 Attribute
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	林权证 Forest tenure certificates	0.282	正向Positive
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	承包期 Contract period	0.718	正向Positive
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	无纠纷 Dispute-free	0.317	正向Positive
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	林地四至 Forest boundaries	0.683	正向Positive
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	保障感知 Assurance perception	0.655	正向Positive
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	调整感知 Adjust perception	0.345	正向Positive

变量Variable	低用工投入 Low labor input	高用工投入 High labor input	低资本投入 Low cash investment	高资本投入 High cash investment
林权证Forest tenure certificates	2.52	2.64	2.51	2.67
承包期Contract period	2.38	2.97	2.44	2.89
无纠纷Dispute-free	0.89	0.93	0.89	0.93
林地四至Forest boundaries	3.68	4.29	3.74	4.22
保障感知Assurance perception	2.99	3.81	2.98	3.74
调整感知Adjust perception	2.55	2.63	2.52	2.67

变量Variable	模型1 Model 1	模型2 Model 2	模型3 Model 3
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	1.075^***		0.744^***
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	(0.198)		(0.197)
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security		2.198^***	1.938^***
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security		(0.276)	(0.281)
年龄 Age	?0.101	?0.044	?0.066
年龄 Age	(0.079)	(0.077)	(0.076)
教育程度 Educational attainment	?0.029	?0.038^*	?0.032
教育程度 Educational attainment	(0.021)	(0.021)	(0.021)
非农人口 Non-farm population	?0.136^**	?0.067	?0.075
非农人口 Non-farm population	(0.068)	(0.067)	(0.066)
务农人口 Farming population	0.323^***	0.262^***	0.258^***
务农人口 Farming population	(0.092)	(0.090)	(0.089)
林业收入 Forestry income	0.089^***	0.072^***	0.070^***
林业收入 Forestry income	(0.019)	(0.019)	(0.019)
林地数量 Number of forest tracts	0.051^*	0.053^**	0.052^**
林地数量 Number of forest tracts	(0.027)	(0.026)	(0.026)
林地面积 Forestland area	0.072	0.029	0.053
林地面积 Forestland area	(0.069)	(0.067)	(0.067)
林地距离 Forestland distance	?1.608^***	?1.537^***	?1.496^***
林地距离 Forestland distance	(0.270)	(0.263)	(0.260)
毛竹 Moso bamboo	?0.718^***	?0.641^***	?0.627^**
毛竹 Moso bamboo	(0.254)	(0.248)	(0.245)
油茶 Camellia oleifera	0.133	0.143	0.167
油茶 Camellia oleifera	(0.255)	(0.248)	(0.245)
茶叶 Tea	0.721^***	0.670^***	0.667^***
茶叶 Tea	(0.245)	(0.238)	(0.235)
人均收入 Per capita income	0.015	0.275^*	0.359^**
人均收入 Per capita income	(0.157)	(0.160)	(0.159)
村庄距离 Village distance	0.154	?0.126	0.003
村庄距离 Village distance	(0.169)	(0.162)	(0.164)
常数项 Constant	3.827^**	0.247	?0.828
常数项 Constant	(1.654)	(1.725)	(1.727)
Log likelihood	?1 109.699	?1 093.882	?1 086.801
LR chi²	255.480	287.110	301.270
Prob > chi²	0.000	0.000	0.000
样本量Observations	582	582	582

变量Variable	模型4 Model 4	模型5 Model 5	模型6 Model 6
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	1.221^***		0.738^*
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	(0.419)		(0.424)
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security		3.082^***	2.825^***
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security		(0.589)	(0.606)
年龄 Age	0.036	0.109	0.088
年龄 Age	(0.166)	(0.164)	(0.164)
教育程度 Educational attainment	?0.026	?0.036	?0.030
教育程度 Educational attainment	(0.045)	(0.044)	(0.044)
非农人口 Non-farm population	?0.232	?0.136	?0.144
非农人口 Non-farm population	(0.144)	(0.143)	(0.142)
务农人口 Farming population	0.664^***	0.574^***	0.570^***
务农人口 Farming population	(0.193)	(0.192)	(0.191)
林业收入 Forestry income	0.139^***	0.114^***	0.112^***
林业收入 Forestry income	(0.041)	(0.041)	(0.040)
林地数量 Number of forest tracts	0.032	0.042	0.032
林地数量 Number of forest tracts	(0.058)	(0.057)	(0.057)
林地面积 Forestland area	0.142	0.091	0.114
林地面积 Forestland area	(0.146)	(0.143)	(0.144)
林地距离 Forestland distance	?2.615^***	?2.492^***	?2.451^***
林地距离 Forestland distance	(0.571)	(0.562)	(0.561)
毛竹 Moso bamboo	?3.120^***	?3.001^***	?2.987^***
毛竹 Moso bamboo	(0.537)	(0.529)	(0.528)
油茶 Camellia oleifera	?1.639^***	?1.613^***	?1.589^***
油茶 Camellia oleifera	(0.539)	(0.530)	(0.529)
茶叶 Tea	1.921^***	1.846^***	1.842^***
茶叶 Tea	(0.517)	(0.509)	(0.508)
人均收入 Per capita income	?0.435	?0.017	0.066
人均收入 Per capita income	(0.333)	(0.342)	(0.344)
村庄距离 Village distance	?0.137	?0.486	?0.358
村庄距离 Village distance	(0.357)	(0.347)	(0.353)
常数项 Constant	9.712^***	3.995	2.929
常数项 Constant	(3.496)	(3.688)	(3.729)
Log likelihood	?1 545.346	?1 536.197	?1 534.689
LR chi²	289.720	308.020	311.040
Prob > chi²	0.000	0.000	0.000
样本量Observations	582	582	582

变量Variable	模型7 Model 7	模型8 Model 8	模型9 Model 9	模型10 Model 10
变量Variable	用工投入 Labor input	感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	用工投入 Labor input	用工投入 Labor input
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	1.075^***	0.224^***		0.682^***
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	(0.198)	(0.031)		(0.200)
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security			2.012^***	1.754^***
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security			(0.250)	(0.259)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
常数项 Constant	3.827^**	1.560^***	2.202	1.090
常数项 Constant	(1.654)	(0.258)	(1.626)	(1.643)
Soble	Z=4.912 >1.96
Bookstrap (1 000)	[0.235，0.572]
样本量Observations	582	582	582	582