林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (5): 65-74.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220507
李爱博1,2,周本智1,*,李春友3,羊美娟4,汤丽萍4,王利仙4
收稿日期:
2020-12-21
出版日期:
2022-05-25
发布日期:
2022-08-19
通讯作者:
周本智
基金资助:
Aibo Li1,2,Benzhi Zhou1,*,Chunyou Li3,Meijuan Yang4,Liping Tang4,Lixian Wang4
Received:
2020-12-21
Online:
2022-05-25
Published:
2022-08-19
Contact:
Benzhi Zhou
摘要:
目的: 在人工气候室控制试验条件下, 分析不同树种配置的空气负离子(NAI)效应以及叶片养分元素和NAI效应的关系, 旨在探究森林的NAI作用机理, 为未来康养森林的树种配置选择提供理论参考。方法: 于2018年6—9月在浙江钱江源森林生态站杭州虎山实验基地人工气候室内控制相同环境的条件下, 对6种亚热带典型树种及其配置的NAI浓度进行连续监测。同时, 测定叶元素含量。采用单因素和LSD法进行方差分析和多重比较(α=0. 05), 利用Person分析法对NAI浓度与叶养分含量进行相关分析。结果: 树叶中锰离子和钾离子含量与NAI浓度均呈显著正相关(P < 0.05), 阔叶树叶中铁离子含量与NAI浓度呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01), 针叶树叶中氮和铜离子含量与NAI浓度呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01)。不同树木组成会导致NAI浓度差异显著, 存在树种混合的交互作用。在混合树种为2种和4种时交互作用表现为正效应, 且NAI的交互效应随叶面积和单种平均NAI浓度增加而增大。在混合树种为5种和6种时交互作用表现为负效应。在混合树种为2~6种时, 交互效应与各树种混合处理的叶量呈紧密的非线性递增关系, 回归方程y = -0.063 1x2 + 78.322x - 23 783。结论: 对提升植物周围的NAI浓度而言, 树叶中锰离子和钾离子含量具有积极作用, 阔叶树叶中铁离子含量和针叶树叶中氮和铜离子含量的作用更显著。不同树种的数量组成会导致NAI浓度的差异, 交互作用效应受到叶生物量、叶面积、树高配置和单个树种NAI效应的影响。总体来说, 树种配置的NAI浓度效应取决于它们之间的交互作用, 有针叶树种时更利于提升NAI浓度, 具有高NAI效应的树种处于配置最上层空间时更利于NAI浓度提升。开展树种配置和叶元素含量的NAI浓度效应研究将为高效康养森林的树种选择和结构配置提供科学依据。
中图分类号:
李爱博,周本智,李春友,羊美娟,汤丽萍,王利仙. 树种配置和叶元素含量的空气负离子浓度效应[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(5): 65-74.
Aibo Li,Benzhi Zhou,Chunyou Li,Meijuan Yang,Liping Tang,Lixian Wang. Effect of Tree Species Collocation and Leaf Element Content on Negative Air Ion Concentration[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(5): 65-74.
表1
供试树种基础指标"
植物名称 Botanical name | 类型 Type | 苗高 Seedling height/cm | 地径 Basal diameter/mm | 苗龄 Seedling age/a | 单株叶片生物量 Leaf biomass per plant/g | 单株叶片面积 Leaf area per plant/cm2 |
青冈 C. glauca | 常绿阔叶 Evergreen broad-leaved | 105.75±6.80 | 7.45±1.18 | 2 | 10.28±1.97 | 999.23±112.74 |
枫香 L. formosana | 落叶阔叶 Deciduous broad-leaved | 98.87±4.74 | 7.23±1.00 | 2 | 13.16±3.19 | 3 108.34±471.85 |
红豆杉 T. chinensis | 针叶 Conifer | 109.17±2.32 | 8.05±0.60 | 2 | 19.84±2.64 | 2 807.79±534.71 |
闽楠 P. bournei | 常绿阔叶 Evergreen broad-leaved | 108.40±2.39 | 9.25±0.24 | 2 | 16.50±0.11 | 2 060.82±72.13 |
杉木 C. lanceolata | 针叶 Conifer | 63.30±2.69 | 6.43±0.41 | 2 | 8.06±1.04 | 1 122.35±230.34 |
榉树 Z. schneideriana | 落叶阔叶 Deciduous broad-leaved | 165.77±14.44 | 8.71±0.65 | 2 | 6.54±4.21 | 1 854.92±756.77 |
表2
不同处理的树种配置内容"
处理 Treatment | 树种数量 Number of tree species | 配置植物数量Number of plants collocated | 总计 Total | |||||
枫香 L. formosana | 红豆杉 T. chinensis | 杉木 C. lanceolata | 榉树 Z. schneideriana | 青冈 C. glauca | 闽楠 P. bournei | |||
1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 40 |
2 | 2 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 |
3 | 2 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 |
4 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 40 |
5 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 40 |
6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 40 |
表3
6个树种叶片元素含量及NAI浓度①"
树种 Tree species | 空气负离子浓度 NAIC (ion·cm-3) | 有机碳 Organic carbon (%) | 氮 Nitrogen/ (mg·kg-1) | 磷 Phosphorus/ (mg·kg-1) | 钾离子 Potassium ion/ (mg·kg-1) | 镁离子 Magnesium ion/ (mg·kg-1) | 铜离子 Copper ion/ (mg·kg-1) | 锰离子 Manganese ion/ (mg·kg-1) | 铁离子 Iron ion/ (mg·kg-1) |
红豆杉T. chinensis | 876±78a | 49.87±0.60a | 23.00±1.49a | 2.43±0.19b | 16.70±1.15a | 2.05±0.36bc | 6.54±0.23b | 2271.67±441.15a | 252.00±11.14c |
枫香L. formosana | 828±49a | 43.53±0.71c | 20.13±1.60ab | 1.66±0.21cd | 9.72±1.52b | 2.89±0.64a | 6.00±1.41bc | 1867.33±139.50ab | 413.00±10.15a |
杉木C. lanceolata | 733±42b | 47.00±2.80b | 12.23±1.10c | 3.45±0.71a | 4.23±0.91c | 1.80±0.18c | 5.09±0.72bc | 96.90±28.17d | 194.33±52.73cd |
榉树Z. schneideriana | 685±58b | 42.73±1.42c | 23.20±8.07a | 2.31±0.66bc | 11.90±3.30b | 3.39±0.51a | 9.68±2.20a | 810.33±141.94c | 340.00±66.73b |
青冈C. glauca | 677±18b | 44.52±0.87c | 11.81±1.36c | 0.70±0.02e | 4.76±1.12c | 2.53±0.34 ab | 4.45±0.50c | 1463.67±448.99b | 173.50±38.01d |
闽楠P. bournei | 665±17b | 50.23±1.40a | 16.30±1.15bc | 1.54±0.11d | 9.26±0.80b | 1.52±0.14c | 8.92±0.35a | 639.33±73.82cd | 186.33±30.66cd |
表4
不同树种组的NAI浓度与叶片元素含量相关系数①"
树种组 Tree species groups | 元素 Elements | Pearson相关系数 Pearson correlation coefficient | 元素 Elements | Pearson相关系数 Pearson correlation coefficient | 元素 Elements | Pearson相关系数 Pearson correlation coefficient |
6个树种 All 6 tree species | 有机碳Organic carbon | 0.160 | 铁Iron | 0.406 | 氮Nitrogen | 0.455 |
磷Phosphorus | 0.252 | 钾Potassium | 0.536* | 镁Magnesium | 0.010 | |
铜Copper | -0.255 | 锰Manganese | 0.647** | |||
阔叶树种 Broad-leaved tree species | 有机碳Organic carbon | -0.387 | 铁Iron | 0.728** | 氮Nitrogen | 0.317 |
磷Phosphorus | 0.130 | 钾Potassium | 0.183 | 镁Magnesium | 0.320 | |
铜Copper | -0.306 | 锰Manganese | 0.718** | |||
针叶树种 Conifer tree species | 有机碳Organic carbon | 0.655 | 铁Iron | 0.680 | 氮Nitrogen | 0.981** |
磷Phosphorus | -0.768 | 钾Potassium | 0.991** | 镁Magnesium | 0.466 | |
铜Copper | 0.855* | 锰Manganese | 0.974** |
表5
不同处理的NAI浓度①"
项目Item | 处理Treatment | |||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
NAI实测浓度NAI measured concentration/(ion·cm-3) | 782±52d | 1 168±37b | 1 264±75a | 1 008±27c | 625±22e | 461±26f |
NAI加权平均浓度NAI weighted average concentration/(ion·cm-3) | 671 | 804.5 | 852 | 737.75 | 755.8 | 745.75 |
交互作用效应 Interaction effect/(ion·cm-3) | 111 | 363.5 | 412 | 270.25 | -130.8 | -284.75 |
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