野外-城市交界域的火管理研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220265

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市化进程和居住环境改善导致野外-城市交界域（WUI）在全球范围内不断扩大，且因气候变化，越来越多的WUI存在较高火灾风险。WUI火灾对生态系统和社会具有重大影响，其火管理是当前区域发展面临的一个重要挑战。近年来我国也频繁发生WUI火灾，但针对此类火灾的研究还很少。本文从WUI定义及其火动态研究、火灾风险评估和风险减缓措施3方面系统阐述WUI的火管理研究进展。WUI火灾风险评估特别强调火灾的暴露性和脆弱性以及火烧对环境和社会的影响。火灾风险减缓措施需要基于火险评估结果制定，主要途径包括通过可燃物管理降低WUI的潜在火烧强度和暴露性、改进房屋和其他建筑的材料与设计以提高抗火能力、提高居民的防火意识和防火能力、改善社区的火灾扑救能力和综合抗灾能力。未来应深入探究WUI火蔓延模型、烟雾传输和经济损失模型、WUI可燃物管理技术、WUI规划及相关火管理标准等，开展跨学科和国际合作研究。可靠的火险评估方法和火灾风险减缓技术，将为不同特征的WUI制定相应的火管理对策提供理论和技术支持。我国也面临相关技术需求，应开发WUI火管理技术和标准，提供可靠的火灾风险评估方法和风险减缓技术，提高WUI对火灾的适应能力。

关键词: 城市-野地交界域, 火管理, 风险评估, 风险减缓, 火研究

Abstract:

The urbanization process and living environment improvement have led to more and more expansion of wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas throughout the world, and most WUIs face severe fire risks. The impact of WUI fires on ecosystem and society has attracted worldwide attention, and fire management in WUI area has become a challenge for current regional development. Over the last 30 years, WUI fire research has become an important research hot topic. WUI fires have also occurred frequently in China in recent years, but there is little research on such fires. This paper systematically introduces the research achievements on WUI fire from three aspects, such as the definition of WUI and its fire regime, fire risk assessment, and risk mitigation measures. Fire risk assessment of WUI area especially emphasizes the exposure and vulnerability of fires, and the fire impact on the environment and society. The risk mitigation strategy needs to be developed based on the fire risk assessment results, which includes reducing the potential fire intensity and exposure of WUI area through fuel management, improving the construction materials and design of houses and other infrastructure, enhancing fire resistance capacity, heightening the fire awareness and fire resistance capacity of residents, and improving the fire fighting ability and comprehensive disaster resistance capacity of the community. The future research trend is to develop WUI fire spread model, smoke transmission and economic loss model, fuel management technology in WUI area, and WUI planning and relevant management standards. It is needed to carry out interdisciplinary and international research. The research achievements will provide reliable fire risk assessment methods and mitigation technologies, which should provide the supports for formulating corresponding management strategy and risk mitigation schemes for WUI areas with different characteristics. China also needs to improve the fire adaptability of WUI community by formulating relevant technical standards and procedures for WUI fire management, and make targeted fire management plans according to reliable fire risk assessment method and mitigation technology.

Key words: wildland-urban interface, fire management, risk assessment, risk mitigation, fire research

中图分类号:

S762

田晓瑞,宗学政,王明玉. 野外-城市交界域的火管理研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(6): 149-158.

Xiaorui Tian,Xuezheng Zong,Mingyu Wang. A Review of Recent Progress in Fire Management of Wildland-Urban Interface[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(6): 149-158.

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序号 No.	研究方法 Methods	适用性 Applicability	来源 Sources
1	火险天气指数Fire weather index	火灾发生可能性评估Fire likelihood assessment	Fox et al., 2018
2	生物物理模型Biophysical model	危险性因子分析Risk factor analysis	Polinova et al., 2019 ；Ronchi et al., 2019
3	统计模型Statistical model	影响因子分析; 火灾风险评估Impact factor analysis; fire risk assessment	Lavorel et al., 2007 ； Mell et al., 2010 ；Chuvieco et al., 2012 ; Lampin-Maillet et al., 2010 ; Liu et al., 2015 ; Mitsopoulos et al., 2015 ; Pan et al., 2016 ; Guo et al., 2017 ； Giglio et al., 2018 ; 侯晓静等，2019
4	火行为模拟Fire behavior simulation（FlamMap，AGNI-NAR；CFD; Burn-P3）	量化区域的火发生概率、强度及影响；暴露性和脆弱性评估；综合评估WUI火灾风险；管理措施的效益评估。To quantify the probability of fire occurrence, intensity, and impact of a region; exposure and vulnerability assessment; comprehensive assessment of WUI fire risk; effectiveness evaluation of management measures.	Clode et al., 2014 ; Mitsopoulos et al., 2015 ；Oliveira et al., 2016 ; Bowman et al., 2017 ；Gibbons et al., 2018 ; Barros et al., 2019 ；Ager et al., 2019 ；Kramer et al., 2019 ; Mahmoud et al., 2018 ；2020；Alcasena et al., 2017 ；2021； Wahlqvist et al., 2021 ; Seto et al., 2022 ；Zong et al., 2022b

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