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林业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (10): 26-33.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20201003

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

毛竹向撂荒地扩展过程中的土壤养分特征

申景昕,刘广路*,范少辉,冯云,陈本学,吴昌明,刘希珍   

  1. 国际竹藤中心竹藤科学与技术重点实验室 北京 100102
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-25 出版日期:2020-10-25 发布日期:2020-11-26
  • 通讯作者: 刘广路
  • 基金资助:
    国际竹藤中心基本科研业务费专项资金(1632020003);林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201404408)

Characterization of Soil Nutrients of Phyllostachys edulis during the Process of Its Expansion into Abandoned Land

Jingxin Shen,Guanglu Liu*,Shaohui Fan,Yun Feng,Benxue Chen,Changming Wu,Xizhen Liu   

  1. Key Laboratory for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing 100102
  • Received:2019-04-25 Online:2020-10-25 Published:2020-11-26
  • Contact: Guanglu Liu

摘要:

目的: 探究毛竹扩展过程中土壤养分及其化学计量的变化特征,为毛竹林的扩展调控提供理论依据。方法: 以福建永安竹林生态定位观测研究站毛竹向撂荒地扩展前期、扩展中期、扩展后期毛竹林为研究对象,沿毛竹扩展方向设置3块10 m×50 m调查样带,每个样带设置3个样地,分析毛竹扩展过程中土壤养分以及计量特征,揭示毛竹扩展对土壤养分影响规律。结果: 毛竹向撂荒地扩展过程中,0~30 cm土层土壤养分含量及化学计量比的平均值变异系数表现为扩展后期(13.8%~51.3%)>扩展中期(8.3%~31.8%)>扩展前期(4.3%~29.8%);C、N含量的变异系数变化范围(26.7%~43.8%)大于P、K(4.3%~24.1%);在0~30 cm土层,随着毛竹向撂荒地扩展,扩展后期C、N含量从20.19和1.70 g·kg-1显著增加到24.97和2.13 g·kg-1,P含量显著降低到0.263 g·kg-1;在0~20 cm土层,扩展后期C、N含量显著高于扩展前期和中期(P < 0.05);在20~30 cm土层,各扩展时期C、N含量差异不显著(P>0.05);P含量随毛竹扩展呈降低趋势,不同扩展阶段的差异达到显著水平(P < 0.05);在0~30 cm土层,C:N相对稳定,不同扩展阶段间差异不显著,C:P、N:P扩展后期显著大于扩展前期,扩展前期与扩展中期差异不显著(P>0.05);在0~30 cm土层,C、N含量极显著(P < 0.01)正相关,二者与K含量极显著(P < 0.01)负相关,与P含量不显著相关;C:N与C:P呈极显著正(P < 0.01)相关,与N:P无显著相关。结论: 毛竹向撂荒地扩展过程中,扩展后期0~20 cm土层的土壤C、N含量显著(P < 0.05)增加,土壤P含量显著(P < 0.05)降低;在0~30 cm土层,土壤K含量并未发生显著变化,扩展后期C:P、N:P显著高于扩展前期,但N:P仍小于我国及全球平均水平,不能满足毛竹林的N、P需求。扩展后期毛竹林土壤养分含量有所增加,但有效性降低,不利于毛竹林的健康稳定发展;在今后经营管理过程中,应加以人工调控,及时补充土壤N和P元素,以维持毛竹林健康生长。

关键词: 毛竹扩展, 撂荒地, 土壤养分, 化学计量

Abstract:

Objective: This study is aimed to investigate the characteristics of changes of soil nutrients and stoichiometrict ratio during the expansion of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forest, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of expansion of moso bamboo forest. Method: Three 10 m×50 m sample transects each with 3 sample plots were set up along the extension direction of moso bamboo forest in Yongan Long-Term Ecological Observation Station for Bamboo Forest in Fujian Province. The characteristics of soil nutrients and stoichiometric ratios at different expansion stages(along the expansion direction in order: early expansion, middle expansion, and late expansion) were analyzed, in order to reveal the patterns of impacts on soil nutrients by the expansion of moso bamboo. Result: During the expansion of moso bamboo to abandoned land, the variation coefficients of soil nutrients and stoichiometric ratios in 0-30 cm soil layer was as follows: late expansion stage (13.8%-51.3%) > middle expansion stage (8.3%-31.8%) > early expansion stage (4.3%-29.8%). The variation range of variation coefficient of C and N contents (26.7%-43.8%) was larger than the contents of P and K (4.3%-24.1%). With the expansion of moso bamboo to abandoned land, the contents of C and N increased significantly and P decreased significantly. In 0-20 cm soil layer, the contents of C and N of the later stage of expansion was significantly higher than that of the earlier and middle stages of expansion (P < 0.05). In 20-30 cm soil layer, there was no significant difference for the contents of C and N among different expansion stages (P> 0.05);but the content of P decreased significantly with the expansion of Phyllostachys pubescens (P < 0.05). In 0-30 cm soil layer, C:N was relatively stable, and there was no significant difference between different expansion stages. C:P and N:P of the later stage of expansion were significantly larger than that of the earlier stage, but there was no significant difference between the earlier stage and the middle stage of expansion (P> 0.05). In 0-30 cm soil layer, there was a significant positive correlation between C and N (P < 0.01); C and N were negatively correlated with K(P < 0.01), but no significant correlation with P. C:N was significantly correlated with C:P, but not with N:P. Conclusion: With the expansion of moso bamboo, the contents of soil C and N in 0-20 cm soil layer increased significantly(P < 0.05), while the content of soil P decreased significantly(P < 0.05). In 0-30 cm soil layer, the content of K did not change significantly at different expansion stages. C:P and N:P at the late stage of expansion were significantly higher than those at the early stage, but N:P was still lower than the average levels of China and the world, and the contents of N and P could not meet the demand of moso bamboo forests. Soil nutrient content of moso bamboo forest increased at the later stage of expansion, but its effectiveness decreased, which was not conducive to the healthy and stable development of moso bamboo forest. In order to maintain the healthy growth of moso bamboo forests, it is necessary to regulate and supplement N and P elements in time.

Key words: moso bamboo expansion, abandoned land, soil nutrien, stoichiometry

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