水分胁迫和种源对黄柳叶功能性状的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20151010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 比较分析水分胁迫、种源及其交互作用对不同种源黄柳叶功能性状的影响,并探讨种源地气候与种源差异的关系。[方法] 采用盆栽水分梯度法,选取来自6个种源地的当年生黄柳扦插苗为试验材料,设置正常水分(CK)、轻度干旱(T1)、中度干旱(T2)和重度干旱(T3)4个水分胁迫梯度,利用Li-Cor6400便携式光合作用测定系统测量苗木的光合指标,在ArcGis9.2中从WorldCLIM全球高分辨率(1 km×1 km)气候数据库中提取出各种源地的气候数据,并以此计算年平均降水量(MAP)和年平均气温(MAT),用ANOVA分析不同种源黄柳叶功能性状对不同水分胁迫处理的响应,结合一般线性模型(GLM)分析源地气候、种源和水分胁迫对黄柳叶功能性状的影响,并用Pearson相关性分析种源地气候因子(MAT,MAP)与叶功能性状的相关关系。[结果] 1)水分胁迫对黄柳的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(E)、水分利用效率(WUE)和相对含水量(RWC)有显著影响。2)种源对所有性状都有显著影响,但对不同性状的影响不同。对P_n和E,种源的作用相对于水分胁迫的作用很弱; 对WUE和RWC,种源主要是通过影响二者对水分胁迫的响应方式起作用; 比叶面积(SLA)主要受种源影响,对水分胁迫不敏感。3)种源地气候对P_n,E和WUE的种源差异有显著影响,并且P_n的种源差异由种源地气候、非气候因素共同导致; 而RWC和SLA的种源差异主要由种源地非气候差异导致。[结论] 黄柳叶功能性状在不同种源间、不同水分胁迫下均具有显著差异,但种源与水分胁迫对黄柳叶功能性状的影响程度不同。种源地气候可解释种源差异对黄柳叶功能性状解释的一部分,但种源地气候的影响在不同的叶功能性状之间存在很大差异。因此,黄柳叶功能性状的差异不仅反映不同种源对不同水分胁迫的生理生态响应,也体现不同种源由于生长的地理环境的差异所形成的特有生态适应性。

关键词: 水分胁迫, 种源, 黄柳, 种源地气候, 叶功能性状

Abstract: [Objective] This research investigated the effects of water stress, provenance and their interactions on leaf functional traits of Salix gordejevii, and explored the effect of climate on provenance differences. [Method] One-year-old S. gordejevii seedlings were collected from six locations, and water stress experiments on the six provenances were conducted at four levels: mild, moderate and severe waterstress, and the control. A Li-Cor6400 photosynthesis measurement system was used to determine the photosynthetic indexes. The climate data of six locations were extracted from the WorldCLIM global high resolution (1 km×1 km) climate database using ArcGis9.2, and mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) were calculated using these climatic data. The response of leaf functional traits of six S. gordejevii provenances under different water stresses were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The effects of climate of origin, provenance and water stress on leaf function traits were examined using general linear model (GLM), and Pearson correlation was used to analyse the relationship between climate (MAT, MAP) and leaf functional traits. [Result] 1)net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE) and relative water content (RWC) of S. gordejevii were significantly affected by water stress. 2)Provenances had significant influence on all traits, but the strength differed among traits. For P_n and E, the effect of provenaces was weaker than water stress; For WUE and RWC, provenance mainly influenced their responses to water stress; SLA was mainly affected by provenaces but not water stress. 3)Provenance climate had a significant impact on the provenance differences of P_n, E and WUE, and provenance differences of P_n was led by climate and non-climatic factors of the seedling's origins. However, provenance differences of RWC and SLA were mainly caused by non-climatic factor. [Conclusion] There were significant differences for leaf functional traits of S. gordejevii among different provenances and under different water stress, but the influence strength of provenance and water stress on leaf functional traits was differented. Provenance climate could explain a part of the effect of provenance on leaf functional traits of S. gordejevii. However, there was remarkable difference in influence of provenance climate on different leaf functional traits. Therefore, the differences in leaf functional traits of S. gordejevii not only reflected the physiological and ecological responses of different provenances to different water stress, but also revealed to ecological adaptability of different provenances due to differences in geographical environment.

Key words: water stress, provenance, Salix gordejevii, climate of origin, leaf functional traits

中图分类号:

718.43

安海龙, 谢乾瑾, 刘超, 夏新莉, 尹伟伦. 水分胁迫和种源对黄柳叶功能性状的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(10): 75-84.

An Hailong, Xie Qianjin, Liu Chao, Xia Xinli, Yin Weilun. Effects of Water Stress and Provenance on Leaf Functional Traits of Salix gordejevii[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(10): 75-84.

参考文献

种培芳, 苏世平, 高暝, 等. 2013. 4个地理种源白刺气体交换特性比较. 草业学报, 22(2): 307-312.
(Chong P F, Su S P, Gao M, et al. 2013. Comparative analysis on gas exchange characteristics of four geographical provenances of Nitraria tangutorum. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 22(2): 307-312.[in Chinese])
崔秀萍, 刘果厚, 张瑞麟. 2006. 浑善达克沙地不同生境下黄柳叶片解剖结构的比较. 生态学报, 26(6): 1842-1847.
(Cui X P, Liu G H, Zhang R L. 2006. Comparison of leaf anatomical structure between Salix gordejevii growing under contrasting habitats of Otingdag Sandland and Salix microtachya var. bordensis growing on the lowlands of dunes. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26(6): 1842-1847.[in Chinese])
季子敬, 全先奎, 王传宽. 2013. 兴安落叶松针叶解剖结构变化及其光合能力对气候变化的适应性. 生态学报, 33(21): 6967-6974.
(Ji Z J, Quan X K, Wang C K. 2013. Variations in leaf anatomy of Larix gmelinii reflect adaptation of its photosynthetic capacity to climate changes. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33(21): 6967-6974.[in Chinese])
李玉霖, 崔建垣, 苏永中. 2005. 不同沙丘生境主要植物比叶面积和叶干物质含量的比较. 生态学报, 25(2): 304-311.
(Li Y L, Cui J Y, Su Y Z. 2005. Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of some plants in different dune habitats. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25(2): 304-311.[in Chinese])
刘超, 武娴, 王襄平, 等. 2012. 内蒙古灌木叶性状关系及不同尺度的比较. 北京林业大学学报, 34(6): 23-29.
(Liu C, Wu X, Wang X P, et al. 2012. Relationships among shrub leaf traits in Inner Mongolia and comparison in different spatial scales. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 34(6): 23-29.[in Chinese])
刘海燕, 李吉跃, 赵燕, 等. 2008. 干旱胁迫对5个种源沙柳 (Salix psammophila) 气体交换及水分利用效率的影响. 干旱区研究, 24(6): 815-820.
(Liu H Y, Li J Y, Zhao Y, et al. 2008. Influence of drought stress on gas exchange and water use efficiency of Salix psammophila growing in five places. Arid Zone Research, 24(6): 815-820.[in Chinese])
梁宇, 高玉葆, 任安芝, 等. 2000. 不同沙地生境下黄柳种群若干数量特征的比较研究. 生态学报, 20(1): 80-86.
(Liang Y, Gao Y B, Ren A Z, et al. 2000. Quantitative characteristics of Salix gordejevii population in different sandy land habitats. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 20(1): 80-86.[in Chinese])
马立祥, 王秀伟, 毛子军, 等. 2010. 不同地理种群两针松光合和生长特性的差异. 植物研究, 30(6): 680-684.
(Ma L X, Wang X W, Mao Z J, et al. 2010. Variations in photosynthetic capacity and growth characters for 2-needled pine from diverse geographic populations. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 30(6): 680-684.[in Chinese])
毛伟, 李玉霖, 张铜会, 等. 2012. 不同尺度生态学中植物叶性状研究概述. 中国沙漠, 32(1): 33-41.
(Mao W, Li Y L, Zhang T H, et al. 2012. Research advances of plant leaf traits at different ecology scales. Journal of Desert Research, 32(1): 33-41.[in Chinese])
孟婷婷, 倪健, 王国宏. 2007. 植物功能性状与环境和生态系统功能. 植物生态学报, 31(1): 150-165.
(Meng T T, Ni J, Wang G H. 2007. Plant functional traits, environments and ecosystem functioning. Journal of Plant Ecology, 31(1): 150-165.[in Chinese])
任安芝, 高玉葆. 2001. 不同沙地生境下黄柳的根系分布和冠层结构特征. 生态学报, 21(3): 399-404.
(Ren A Z, Gao Y B, Wang J L. 2001. Root distribution and canopy structure of Salix gordejevii in different sandy land habitats. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 21(3): 399-404.[in Chinese])
宋光, 温仲明, 郑颖, 等. 2013. 陕北黄土高原刺槐植物功能性状与气象因子的关系. 水土保持研究, 20(003): 125-130.
(Song G, Wen Z M, Zheng Y, et al. 2013. Relationships between plant functional traits of Robinia pseudoacacia and meteorological factors in loess plateau, North Shaanxi, China. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 20(3): 125-130.[in Chinese])
吴新宏. 2003. 浑善达克沙地植被快速恢复. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古出版社, 179.
(Wu X H. 2003. Vegetation is recovered quickly. Huhehot: Inner Mongolia Press, 179.[in Chinese])
薛毅, 陈立萍. 2007. 统计建模与R软件. 北京: 清华大学出版社
(Xue Y, Chen L P. 2007. Statistical modeling and R software. Beijing: Tsinghua University press.[in Chinese])
杨旭, 杨志玲, 周彬清, 等. 2008. 不同地理种源桔梗种子性状及苗期生长分析. 植物资源与环境学报, 17(1): 66-70.
(Yang X, Yang Z L, Zhou B Q, et al. 2008. Analyses of seed characteristics and seedling growth status of Platycocon grandiflorus from different geographical provenance. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 17(1): 66-70.[in Chinese])
杨跃文, 温阳, 张文军, 等. 2012. 水分胁迫对不同种源黄柳幼苗生长特性的影响. 林业科技, 37(4): 1-3.
(Yang Y W, Wen Y, Zhang W J, et al. 2012. Effects of water stress on growth characteristics of different Salix gordejevii provenances. Forestry Science and Technology, 37(4): 1-3.[in Chinese])
Ackerly D D, Dudley S A, Sultan S E, et al. 2000. The evolution of plant ecophysiological traits: recent advances and future directions New research addresses natural selection, genetic constraints, and the adaptive evolution of plant ecophysiological traits. Bioscience, 50(11): 979-995.
Barboni D, Harrison S P, Bartlein P J, et al. 2004. Relationships between plant traits and climate in the Mediterranean region: a pollen data analysis. Journal of Vegetation Science, 15(5): 635-646.
Bradshaw A D. 2006. Unravelling phenotypic plasticity-why should we bother? New Phytologist, 170(4): 644-648.
Bresson C C, Vitasse Y, Kremer A, et al. 2011. To what extent is altitudinal variation of functional traits driven by genetic adaptation in European oak and beech? Tree Physiology, 31(11): 1164-1174.
Chaves M M, Pereira J S, Maroco J, et al. 2002. How plants cope with water stress in the field? Photosynthesis and growth. Annals of Botany, 89(7): 907-916.
Eilmann B, Rigling A. 2012. Tree-growth analyses to estimate tree species' drought tolerance. Tree Physiology, 32(2): 178-187.
Franks S J, Weber J J, Aitken S N. 2014. Evolutionary and plastic responses to climate change in terrestrial plant populations. Evolutionary Applications, 7(1): 123-139.
Galmes J, Medrano H, Flexas J. 2007. Photosynthetic limitations in response to water stress and recovery in Mediterranean plants with different growth forms. New Phytologist, 175(1): 81-93.
Galmes J, Ochogavia J, Gago J, et al. 2013. Leaf responses to drought stress in Mediterranean accessions of Solanum lycopersicum: anatomical adaptations in relation to gas exchange parameters. Plant, Cell & Environment, 36(5): 920-935.
Garnier E, Shipley B, Roumet C, et al. 2001. A standardized protocol for the determination of specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content. Functional Ecology, 15(5): 688-695.
Gratani L, Meneghini M, Pesoli P, et al. 2003. Structural and functional plasticity of Quercus ilex seedlings of different provenances in Italy. Trees, 17(6): 515-521.
He J S, Wang Z H, Wang X P, et al. 2006. A test of the generality of leaf trait relationships on the Tibetan Plateau. New Phytologist, 170(4): 835-848.
He J S, Wang X P, Schmid B, et al. 2010. Taxonomic identity, phylogeny, climate and soil fertility as drivers of leaf traits across Chinese grassland biomes. Journal of Plant Research, 123(4): 551-561.
Hereford J. 2009. A quantitative survey of local adaptation and fitness trade-offs. The American Naturalist, 173(5): 579-588.
Hijmans R J, Cameron S E, Parra J L, et al. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 25(15): 1965-1978.
Hoffmann A A, Sgrò C M. 2011. Climate change and evolutionary adaptation. Nature, 470(7335): 479-485.
Jung V, Violle C, Mondy C, et al. 2010. Intraspecific variability and trait-based community assembly. Journal of Ecology, 98(5): 1134-1140.
Lawlor D W, Tezara W. 2009. Causes of decreased photosynthetic rate and metabolic capacity in water-deficient leaf cells: a critical evaluation of mechanisms and integration of processes. Annals of Botany, 103(4): 561-579.
Leibing C, Signer J, Van Zonneveld M, et al. 2013. Selection of provenances to adapt tropical pine forestry to climate change on the basis of climate analogs. Forests, 4(1): 155-178.
Li M H, Cherubini P, Dobbertin M, et al. 2013. Responses of leaf nitrogen and mobile carbohydrates in different Quercus species/provenances to moderate climate changes. Plant Biology, 15(s1): 177-184.
Liu C, Wang X P, Wu X, et al. 2013. Relative effects of phylogeny, biological characters and environments on leaf traits in shrub biomes across central Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Plant Ecology, 6(3): 220-231.
Martin R E, Asner G P, Sack L. 2007. Genetic variation in leaf pigment, optical and photosynthetic function among diverse phenotypes of Metrosideros polymorpha grown in a common garden. Oecologia, 151(3): 387-400.
Pigliucci M, Murren C J, Schlichting C D. 2006. Phenotypic plasticity and evolution by genetic assimilation. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209(12): 2362-2367.
Pinheiro C, Chaves M M. 2011, Photosynthesis and drought: can we make metabolic connections from available data? Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(3): 869-882.
Poorter H, De Jong R O B. 1999. A comparison of specific leaf area, chemical composition and leaf construction costs of field plants from 15 habitats differing in productivity. New Phytologist, 143(1): 163-176.
R Development Core Team. 2007. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Robson T M, Rasztovits E, Aphalo P J, et al. 2013. Flushing phenology and fitness of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances from a trial in La Rioja, Spain, segregate according to their climate of origin. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 180(15): 76-85.
Robson T M, Sánchez-Gómez D, Cano F J, et al. 2012. Variation in functional leaf traits among beech provenances during a Spanish summer reflects the differences in their origin. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 8(5): 1111-1121.
Sanchez-Gomez D, Robson T M, Gasco A, et al. 2013. Differences in the leaf functional traits of six beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations are reflected in their response to water limitation. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 87: 110-119.
Soolanayakanahally R Y, Guy R D, Silim S N, et al. 2009. Enhanced assimilation rate and water use efficiency with latitude through increased photosynthetic capacity and internal conductance in balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.). Plant, Cell & Environment, 32(12): 1821-1832.
Vendramini F, Díaz S, Gurvich D E, et al. 2002. Leaf traits as indicators of resource-use strategy in floras with succulent species. New Phytologist, 154(1): 147-157.
Wang X P, Fang J Y, Sanders N J, et al. 2009. Relative importance of climate vs local factors in shaping the regional patterns of forest plant richness across northeast China. Ecography, 32(1): 133-142.
Westoby M, Wright I J. 2006. Land-plant ecology on the basis of functional traits. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 21(5): 261-268.
Wright I J, Groom P K, Lamont B B, et al. 2004a. Short communication: leaf trait relationships in Australian plant species. Functional Plant Biology, 31(5): 551-558.
Wright I J, Reich P B, Westoby M, et al. 2004b. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature, 428(6985): 821-827.
Wright I J, Reich P B, Cornelissen J H C, et al. 2005a. Modulation of leaf economic traits and trait relationships by climate. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 14(5): 411-421.
Wright I J, Reich P B, Cornelissen J H C, et al. 2005b. Assessing the generality of global leaf trait relationships. New Phytologist, 166(2): 485-496.

[1]	申静霞, 袁秀锦, 李迈和, 于飞海, 王雪, 刘录, 贺云龙, 雷静品. 土壤温度和水分变化对川西云杉幼苗氮和磷含量的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(4): 31-41.
[2]	余华, 钟全林, 程栋梁, 张中瑞, 徐朝斌, 郑文婷, 裴盼. 不同种源刨花楠林下幼苗叶片碳氮磷化学计量特征[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(12): 22-32.
[3]	刘宇, 徐焕文, 尚福强, 焦宏, 张利民, 罗建新, 滕文华, 刘桂丰. 16年生白桦种源变异及区划[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(9): 48-56.
[4]	杨升, 张华新, 杨秀艳, 陈秋夏, 武海雯. NaCl胁迫下不同种源沙枣的生长表现差异[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(9): 51-58.
[5]	张蕊, 王艺, 金国庆, 周志春. 模拟氮沉降对低磷胁迫下3个种源木荷幼苗生长及叶片氮磷含量的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(4): 36-43.
[6]	赵兴堂, 夏德安, 曾凡锁, 姚盛智, 商永亮, 张桂芹, 王元兴, 张同伟, 詹亚光. 水曲柳生长性状种源与地点互作及优良种源选择[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(3): 140-147.
[7]	王林龙, 李清河, 徐军, 薛海霞, 江泽平. 不同种源油蒿形态与生理特征对干旱胁迫的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(2): 37-43.
[8]	杨章旗. 马尾松不同年龄产脂量及松香组分分析[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(6): 147-151.
[9]	白林利, 李昌晓. 水淹对水杉苗木耐旱性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(11): 166-174.
[10]	黄秦军, 黄国伟, 苏晓华, 张新叶. 蒙古栎生长及生理特征的种源间差异[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(9): 72-78.
[11]	谭健晖. 马尾松优良种源苗木对人工低温胁迫的生理生化反应[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(3): 51-55.
[12]	王朝英, 李昌晓, 张晔. 水淹-干旱胁迫对南川柳苗木生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(12): 164-170.
[13]	李洁;姚延梼;周春娥;梁志英;苗青. 分区交替水分胁迫对草乌光合特性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(6): 72-79.
[14]	孔祥生;张妙霞;王学永;黄瑞;董艳瑜;林升. 水分胁迫下2个牡丹品种生理生化差异比较[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(9): 162-167.
[15]	王玉山;邢世岩;唐海霞;冯殿齐. 侧柏种源遗传多样性分析[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(7): 91-96.