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林业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 48-56.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160906

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

16年生白桦种源变异及区划

刘宇1, 徐焕文1, 尚福强2, 焦宏2, 张利民2, 罗建新3, 滕文华1, 刘桂丰1   

  1. 1. 林木遗传育种国家重点实验室(东北林业大学) 哈尔滨 150040;
    2. 辽宁省森林经营研究所 丹东 118002;
    3. 内蒙古大兴安岭金河林业局 根河 022350
  • 收稿日期:2015-09-16 修回日期:2015-11-13 出版日期:2016-09-25 发布日期:2016-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘桂丰
  • 基金资助:
    “十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD01B05)。

Variation and Zoning of 16-Year-Old Betula platyphylla Provenance

Liu Yu1, Xu Huanwen1, Shang Fuqiang2, Jiao Hong2, Zhang Limin2, Luo Jianxin3, Teng Wenhua1, Liu Guifeng1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding(Northeast Forestry University) Harbin 150040;
    2. Forest Management Research Institute of Liaoning Province Dandong 118002;
    3. Jinhe Forestry Bureau in Daxing'anling of Inner Mongolia Genhe 022350
  • Received:2015-09-16 Revised:2015-11-13 Online:2016-09-25 Published:2016-10-20

摘要: [目的] 通过对16年生白桦种源试验林的调查,研究其地理变异规律,进行种源区划分,为各种源区选用生产力高、适应性强的优良种源提供科学依据。[方法] 以定植于黑龙江省尚志市帽儿山实验林场、辽宁省本溪市山城实验林场与内蒙古金河林业局的16年生白桦种源试验林为对象,调查18个种源在每个试验点的树高、胸径和单株材积等性状,进行单点、多点方差分析与多重比较,然后对各种源生长性状与其产地地理气候因子进行相关分析和聚类分析,最后依据分析结果进行优良种源选择及种源区划。[结果] 树高、胸径及单株材积性状在各试验点的种源间以及种源与地点的交互作用均达到差异极显著水平(P<0.01)。以各地点参试种源单株材积均值排序分别选择出各自的优良种源,在帽儿山试验点选出清源、草河口、帽儿山、辉南、小北湖和东方红6个优良种源,其单株材积均值较参试种源均值高23.23%;在草河口试验点选出草河口、清源和天水3个优良种源,其单株材积均值较参试种源均值高22.14%;在金河试验点选出莫尔道嘎、乌伊岭和绰尔3个优良种源,其单株材积均值较参试种源均值高105.00%。地理变异分析结果显示:在帽儿山和草河口2个试验点,参试种源的生长性状均与纬度呈负相关,并且与年均温均达到极显著正相关水平,说明位于低纬度并且年均温较高地区的种源在这2个地点生长较好;而在金河试验点参试的种源生长性状与纬度呈极显著正相关,与年均温呈极显著的负相关,说明位于高纬度且年均温较低地区的种源在金河试验点会生长较好,而来自较低纬度、年均温较高产地的种源因适应性差其生长表现较差。从总体来看,参试白桦种源的生长量与产地纬度、年均温等参数具有显著的相关性,说明参试白桦生长量主要受温度与纬度调控,属于“冷-暖”型地理变异趋势,符合北方树种的以温度为主、水热因子相结合作用、随纬度渐变型的地理变异模式。依据相关分析及聚类分析的结果将18个种源分为5个种源区,其中3个分布在东北地区,2个分布在西北地区。[结论] 分别在3个试验点进行优良种源选择,其中帽儿山试验点选出优良种源6个,草河口试验点3个,金河试验点3个。相关分析表明参试的18个种源属于“冷-暖”型地理变异趋势,结合聚类分析结果将其划为5个种源区。

关键词: 白桦, 种源试验, 地理变异, 优良种源选择

Abstract: [Objective] The study was to analyze patterns of geographical variation and to identify provenance regions or seed zones, based on observations on a 16-year-old Betula platyphylla provenance trial, in order to provide a scientific basis for selection of superior provenances with high productivity and strong adaptability for each provenance region or seed zone. [Method] Eighteen provenances of B. platyphylla planted in Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm of Shangzhi City, Heilongjiang Province, Shancheng Experimental Forest Farm of Benxi, Liaoning Province and Jinhe Forestry Bureau of Inner Mongolia, were used to study height(H), diameter at breast height (DBH),volume(V) by analysis of variance and multiple comparisons for single site and multiple sites.Then correlation analysis and cluster analysis was conducted between growth traits and their geographical and climatic factors. Superior provenances were selected and provenance regions or seed zones were identified. [Result] The results showed that there were statistically significant (P<0.01) differences in H,DBH,and V among different sites and provenances,and also significant in site×provenance interaction.Superior provenances were selected based on average volume of individual trees. At Maoershan site, the top provenances were Qingyuan, Caohekou, Maoershan, Huinan, Xiaobeihu and Dongfanghong. These six superior provenances had a volume 23.23% higher than the average of all provenances. At Caohekou site, the top provenances were Caohekou, Qingyuan and Tianshui. These three superior provenances were 22.14% higher in volume than the average of all provenances. At Jinhe site, the top provenances were Moerdaoga,Wuyiling and Chaoer,105.00% higher in volume than the average of all provenances. For provenances at Maoershan and Caohekou sites, geographical variation analysis showed negative correlation between growth and latitude, and significant correlation between growth and the average annual temperature. Provenances located in low latitudes and high average annual temperatures, performed better in growth traits at Maoershan and Caohekou sites. However, for provenances at Jinhe site, significant correlation was found between growth and latitudes, and negative correlation between growth and the average annual temperature. Provenances located in high latitudes and low average annual temperatures, displayed better growth traits at Jinhe site, and provenances from low latitudes and high average annual temperatures displayed inferior traits because of weak adaptation. The above results indicated that the growth of B. platyphylla was mainly regulated by temperature and latitude, belonging to the type of "cold-warm" geographic variation trend, which conforms to the main pattern of geographical variation of tree species in north China, under the main effects of temperature together with effects of water and heat, and in a clinal variation with latitudes. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis showed that the 18 provenances were divided into 5 provenance regions, of which 3 regions distributed in the northeast and 2 regions in the northwest.[Conclusion] Superior provenances were selected respectively for the three trial sites, including 6 provenances for Maoershan site, 3 for Caohekou site and 3 for Jinhe site. Correlation analysis showed that the 18 tested provenances displayed a "cold-warm" geographic variation pattern. Considering results from the correlation analysis and the clustering analysis, 5 provenance regions or seed zones were identified.

Key words: Betula platyphylla, provenance test, geographic variation, selection of superior provenance

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