红锥人工林立木生长应变的变异规律及受生长弱化处理的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230381

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to investigate the variation of growth strain in standing Castanopsis hystrix trees and examine the influence of growth weakening treatments on this strain, with the objective of developing strategies to mitigate growth stress. Method: Trees of different ages and dominance grades (grade A: dominant and subdominant trees; grade B: intermediate trees; grade C: suppressed and dying trees; grade D: dead standing trees) were selected with the plantation in the southern subtropical region of China. The growth strain indices of standing trees, which reflect growth stress that cannot be directly measured, were determined in different seasons, and their variation patterns were analyzed. This study examined the effects of growth parameters, trunk orientations, trunk heights, and growth weakening treatments (treatment A: ringbarking at the trunk base; treatment B: injecting glyphosate at the trunk base) on growth strain. Result: Significant differences in growth strain were observed in C. hystrix standing trees with respect to dominance grades, seasons, and tree ages. The growth strain diminished as the dominance grades decreased, with the highest and lowest values occurring in summer and spring, respectively. The variation in summer was significantly greater than in other seasons. Growth strain was significantly positively correlated with average soil temperature, air temperature, and monthly precipitation during the measurement month, while it was significantly negatively correlated with soil moisture and air humidity. Growth strain increased with tree age and exhibited significant circumferential variability. Below 9.0 m of trunk height in fallen trees, the differences in growth strain between different trunk heights were not significant. Compared to the control group (no growth weakening treatment), growth weakening treatments significantly reduced growth strain one year later, with Treatment A and B reducing growth strain by 50% and 30%, respectively. Conclusion: The growth strain of C. hystrix is significantly influenced by tree characteristics such as dominance grade, season, tree age, trunk orientation, and meteorological factors such as humidity, temperature, and precipitation during the measurement months. Harvesting outside the summer season is beneficial for reducing growth stress in timber. The growth strain of C. hystrix was not significantly correlated with the height-diameter ratio of trees, and the regulation of tree density could not significantly reduce the growth stress. growth weakening treatments (ringbarking at the trunk base or injecting glyphosate growth inhibitor) can significantly reduce growth strain.

Key words: Castanopsis hystrix, plantation, growth strain, variability, growth weakening treatments

CLC Number:

S750
S781.2

Jixin Tang,Qilong Pan,Heng Liu,Zuwei Tian,Dongcheng Chen,Dewei Huang,Shiyu Mo,Zhilin Jiang. Variation Law of Growth Strain in Standing Trees of Castanopsis hystrix Plantation and the Influence of Growth Weakening[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(12): 120-127.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 7

Dynamic processes of the 44-year-old standing trees of C. hystrix plantation vitality with different treatments"

处理时间 Treatment time /month	立木活力状况 The vitality of standing trees
0	所有处理树叶和树干活力均正常 The leaves and trunks of the trees showed normal vitality for all treatments
5	A处理树叶和树干未见异常，环剥处树皮修复约75%；B处理树叶脱落，树干枯死；对照处理树叶和树干正常 The leaves and trunk did not exhibit any abnormalities, and approximately 75% of the bark in the ring was repaired under treatment A. In treatment B, the leaves fell off and the trunk died. However, under CK treatment, both the leaves and trunk appeared normal
8	A处理树叶和树干未见异常，环剥处树皮修复约80%；B处理树叶脱落，树干枯死；对照处理树叶和树干正常 The leaves and trunk did not exhibit any abnormalities, and approximately 80% of the bark in the ring was repaired under treatment A. In treatment B, the leaves fell off and the trunk died. However, under CK treatment, both the leaves and trunk appeared normal
10	A处理树叶和树干未见异常，环剥处树皮修复约90%；B处理树叶脱落，树干枯死；对照处理树叶和树干正常 The leaves and trunk did not exhibit any abnormalities, and approximately 90% of the bark in the ring was repaired under treatment A. In treatment B, the leaves fell off and the trunk died. However, under CK treatment, both the leaves and trunk appeared normal
13	A处理树叶和树干未见异常，环剥处树皮修复约98%；B处理树叶脱落，树干枯死；对照处理树叶和树干正常 The leaves and trunk did not exhibit any abnormalities, and approximately 98% of the bark in the ring was repaired under treatment A. In treatment B, the leaves fell off and the trunk died. However, under CK treatment, both the leaves and trunk appeared normal

Table 7

Fig.3

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实验林 Experimental forests	树龄 Age/a	林分密度 Stand density/ （tree·hm^?2）	郁闭度 Canopy density	平均胸径 Average DBH/cm	平均树高 Average tree height/m	海拔 Altitude/ m	坡度 Slope/(°)	土壤类型 Soil type
I	44	720	0.9	24.2±8.1	20.0±3.9	700	25	赤红壤 Lateritic red soil
II	20	615	0.8	19.4±0.2	15.9±0.6	590	16	赤红壤 Lateritic red soil
III	17	965	0.8	14.8±1.8	14.2±1.1	230	18	紫色土Purple soil
IV	14	515	0.8	12.9±3.1	16.4±2.5	550	15	赤红壤 Lateritic red soil

生长势等级 Dominance grades	样木数量 Quantity of sample trees	平均胸径 Average DBH/cm	平均树高 Average tree height/m	生长应变均值 Mean growth strain/μm	生长应变极小值 Min. growth strain/μm	生长应变极大值 Max. growth strain/μm	变异系数 Coefficient variation (%)
A	12	24.3±2.1	22.7±1.3	115.5±51.7 a	62	213	44.8
B	13	21.8±2.7	20.2±1.8	93.4±28.5 a	42	143	34.2
C	4	19.2±2.4	16.6±2.1	88.0±25.2 ab	56	115	28.7
D	7	18.4±3.2	15.6±2.7	46.3±12.9 b	19	62	29.5

季节 Seasons	样木数量 Quantity of sample trees	生长应变均值 Mean growth strain/μm	生长应变极小值 Min. growth strain/μm	生长应变极大值 Max. growth strain/μm	变异系数 Coefficient variation (%)
夏季Summer（2021?07）	21	90.1±28.1 a	47	150	31.1
秋季Autumn（2021?10）	21	66.1±15.5 b	41	105	23.4
冬季Winter（2022?01）	21	69.5±22.1 b	40	131	31.8
春季Spring（2022?03）	21	59.1±17.7 b	28	112	30.0

样木数量 Quantity of sample trees	平均土壤湿度 Average soil moisture(%)	平均土壤温度 Average soil temperature/℃	平均空气温度 Average air temperature/℃	平均空气相对湿度 Average air relative humidity(%)	月降水量 Monthly precipitation/mm
21	?0.352**	0.260*	0.324**	?0.270*	0.281**

树龄 Tree age/a	样木数量 Quantity of sample trees	平均胸径 Average DBH/cm	平均树高Average tree height/m	生长应变均值 Mean growth strain/μm	生长应变极小值 Min. growth strain/μm	生长应变极大值 Max. growth strain/μm	变异系数 Coefficient variation (%)
15	17	17.2±3.1	17.5±1.2	48.5±20.0 c	21	90	41.3
18	14	17.5±2.6	17.0±1.5	58.8±29.7 bc	13	142	50.4
21	11	18.9±1.9	17.6±1.9	84.0±25.8 ab	51	139	30.7
45	16	24.0±2.1	21.9±1.9	93.5±43.7 a	47	222	46.7

Variation Law of Growth Strain in Standing Trees of Castanopsis hystrix Plantation and the Influence of Growth Weakening

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控制变量 Control variate	项目 Project		生长应变 Growth strain	胸径 DBH	树高 Tree height	高径比 Tree height/DBH	树龄 Tree age
无 Invariant	生长应变Growth strain	相关性Correlation	1.000	0.297	0.277	?0.259	0.451
		显著性Significance	－	0.023	0.035	0.049	0.000
		自由度df	0	56	56	56	56
	树龄 Tree age	相关性Correlation	0.451	0.777	0.764	?0.550	1.000
		显著性Significance	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	－
		自由度df	56	56	56	56	0
树龄 Tree age	生长应变Growth strain	相关性Correlation	1.000	?0.094	?0.117	?0.015	－
		显著性Significance	－	0.485	0.387	0.912	－
		自由度df	0	55	55	55	－

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