广东湛江桉树人工林碳水通量季节格局及其环境生物控制

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230482

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This paper aims to quantify the carbon and water flux components of eucalyptus plantation ecosystem, reveal the regulatory role of environmental biological factors on carbon and water cycle, so as to provide a basis for improving the accuracy of carbon sink assessment of plantation ecosystem and further understanding the impact of environmental and biological factors on carbon cycle of plantation ecosystem under the background of climate change. Method: The eddy covariance (EC) technique was used to continuously monitor carbon and water fluxes in a typical eucalyptus plantation ecosystem in the northern part of the Leizhou Peninsula. The environmental biological factors such as air temperature (T_air), vapour pressure deficit (VPD), photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), soil temperature (T_soil), soil moisture (SM), precipitation (Pre), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were simultaneously detected. The temporal variation characteristics of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes and their responses to environmental and biological factors were analyzed. Result: Annual average values of total primary productivity (GPP), respiration (RE), net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) and evapotranspiration (ET) of eucalyptus plantation ecosystem were 2 907.87, 1 509.77, ?1 398.83 g·m^?2a^?1 and 1 069.25 mm, respectively, showing a carbon sink as a whole. The diurnal variations of GPP, RE, NEE and ET showed asymmetric unimodal trend, and the absolute values of peak value and daily average value were higher in rainy season than in dry season. The accumulated values of GPP, RE and ET in rainy season were higher than those in dry season, while the accumulated values of NEE had no significant difference between dry season and rainy season. The main influencing factor of daytime NEE variation was PPFD. When VPD ≥ 15 hPa, NEE accumulation was inhibited, and the net carbon absorption capacity was strongest at moderate temperatures (20 ℃ < T_air < 27 ℃). Nocturnal NEE changes were mainly affected by T_air, and SM was able to affect the sensitivity of NEE to T_air. Water use efficiency (WUE) was higher in dry season (3.85 g·kg^?1) than in rainy season (2.61 g·kg^?1), with the mean annual WUE of 3.22 g·kg^?1. The seasonal difference was dominated by ET and negatively correlated with T_air, VPD and PPFD (P<0.05). Conclusion: Eucalyptus plantation ecosystem exhibits carbon sinks during the dry season, the rainy season, and the whole year. The carbon sink status and intensity of eucalyptus plantation ecosystem are dominated by GPP. NEE changes are primarily regulated by PPFD, while high VPD inhibits net carbon sequestration. The net carbon sequestration capacity of the ecosystem is strongest at moderate temperature, and SM affects the sensitivity of NEE to T_air changes at night. WUE of eucalyptus plantation is higher in the dry season compared to the rainy season. This seasonal difference is primarily influenced by ET and is also affected by T_air, VPD, and PPFD.

Key words: eddy covariance (EC), carbon and water fluxes, environmental biological factor, water use efficiency (WUE), eucalyptus plantation

CLC Number:

S718.55

Wankuan Zhu,Zhichao Wang,Apeng Du,Yuxing Xu. Seasonal Patterns of Carbon and Water Fluxes and Their Environmental Biological Control in the Eucalyptus Plantation in Zhanjiang of Guangdong Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(9): 18-32.

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缩写 Abbreviation	参数全称 Full name of parameters	单位 Unit
GPP	生态系统总初级生产力 Gross primary productivity	g·m^?2s^?1
RE	生态系统呼吸 Ecosystem respiration	g·m^?2s^?1
NEE	净生态系统碳交换 Net ecosystem carbon exchange	g·m^?2s^?1
ET	蒸散 Evapotranspiration	mm
WUE	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency	g·kg^?1
Tr	蒸腾 Transpiration	mm
E	蒸发 Evaporation	mm
H	显热通量 Sensible heat flux	W·m^?2
LE	潜热通量 Latent heat flux	W·m^?2
R_n	净辐射 Net radiation	W·m^?2
G	土壤热通量 Soil heat flux	W·m^?2
PPFD	光合光量子通量密度 Photosynthetic photon flux density	μmol·m^?2s^?1
NDVI	归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index	—
T_air	空气温度 Air temperature	℃
T_soil	土壤温度 Soil temperature	℃
SM	土壤湿度 Soil moisture	m³·m^?3
VPD	饱和水汽压差 Vapour pressure deficit	hPa
Pre	降水量 Precipitation	mm

环境因子 Environmental factors	2018—2019 旱季	2019 雨季	2019—2020 旱季	2020 雨季	2020—2021 旱季	2021 雨季	2021—2022 旱季	2022 雨季
环境因子 Environmental factors	Dry season	Rainy season	Dry season	Rainy season	Dry season	Rainy season	Dry season	Rainy season
T_air/℃	21.20±4.11	27.73±2.16	20.64±3..01	28.25±2.23	20.32±4.34	28.27±2.36	19.34±4.18	27.28±2.53
T_{air, max}/℃	24.56±4.48	31.67±2.74	24.84±3.05	32.62±2.54	24.72±3.92	32.62±2.38	23.85±4.35	31.46±2.70
T_{air, min}/℃	18.87±4.36	24.98±2.00	17.42±3.56	25.12±2.22	17.09±5.04	25.07±2.44	16.00±4.28	24.29±2.59
T_soil/℃	21.54±2.48	26.76±1.13	20.95±1.64	26.63±1.43	20.38±2.69	26.81±1.23	19.99±2.21	26.00±1.51
SM/(m³·m^?3)	0.16±0.03	0.20±0.03	0.14±0.02	0.19±0.04	0.15±0.03	0.17±0.04	0.15±0.03	0.21±0.03
PPFD/(mol·m^?2d^?1)	23.02±9.74	34.92±12.28	24.69±9.67	36.31±11.14	27.22±10.13	37.49±12.27	27.35±13.22	38.48±14.04
VPD/hPa	2.99±3.13	5.22±5.19	4.64±3.91	5.92±5.96	3.89±3.39	5.02±4.00	4.08±3.73	7.26±5.93

	旱季 Dry season			雨季 Rainy season
	GPP	RE	ET	GPP	RE	ET
NEE	?0.81***	0.07	?0.36***	?0.84***	0.10**	?0.51***
WUE	0.06	?0.06	?0.63***	0.13***	0.06	?0.59***

环境因子范围 Range of environmental factors	α/(μmol·μmol^?1)	A_max /(μmol·m^?2s^?1)	RE_day/(μmol·m^?2s^?1)	R²	RMSE
VPD≤4 hPa	0.038±0.001	47.640±1.605	3.126±0.137	0.998	0.058
4 hPa<VPD<15 hPa	0.037±0.001	45.296±0.604	2.723±0.144	0.999	0.043
VPD≥15 hPa	0.021±0.003	45.058±3.697	0.807±0.979	0.983	0.128
T_air≤20 ℃	0.043±0.002	30.833±0.782	2.103±0.229	0.995	0.099
20 ℃<T_air<27 ℃	0.043±0.002	41.982±0.974	3.803±0.262	0.997	0.089
T_air≥27 ℃	0.047±0.002	41.846±0.866	4.604±0.375	0.996	0.090
SM≤0.14	0.044±0.002	36.041±0.567	2.887±0.313	0.995	0.088
0.14<SM<0.21	0.046±0.002	39.147±0.600	3.724±0.356	0.995	0.093
SM≥0.21	0.046±0.003	44.629±1.133	5.022±0.627	0.988	0.143

土壤湿度范围 Range of soil moisture	R₂₀/(μmol·m^?2s^?1)	${E_{\mathrm{a}}}/{R} $/K	R²	RMSE
SM≤0.14	3.238±0.064	12.433±1.408	0.795	0.185
0.14<SM<0.21	3.612±0.053	19.084±1.300	0.919	0.138
SM≥0.21	3.522±0.105	27.443±2.667	0.848	0.168

Seasonal Patterns of Carbon and Water Fluxes and Their Environmental Biological Control in the Eucalyptus Plantation in Zhanjiang of Guangdong Province

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环境生物因子 Environmental biological factors	相关系数 Correlation coefficient					方差膨胀因子VIF	变量重要值VIP	标准化回归系数 Standard regression coefficient
环境生物因子 Environmental biological factors	GPP	NEE	RE	ET	WUE	方差膨胀因子VIF	变量重要值VIP	GPP	NEE	RE	ET	WUE
T_air	0.81^**	?0.03	0.82^**	0.82^**	?0.65^**	42.56	1.07	0.30	?0.27	0.18	0.27	?0.22
T_soil	0.75^**	0.10	0.82^**	0.82^**	?0.70^**	31.84	1.09	?0.20	0.71	0.20	0.36	?0.75
SM	0.50^**	0.23	0.64^**	0.52^**	?0.38^**	2.55	0.88	0.24	0.08	0.30	0.17	0.03
VPD	0.35^*	0.12	0.42^**	0.47^**	?0.52^**	3.20	0.83	?0.37	0.63	?0.03	0.05	?0.45
PPFD	0.85^**	?0.16	0.78^**	0.76^**	?0.53^**	11.92	1.12	0.91	?1.35	0.21	0.11	0.57
NDVI	0.78^**	?0.09	0.73^**	0.66^**	?0.39^**	3.64	1.02	0.14	0.21	0.20	0.09	0.05
Pre	0.38^**	0.36^*	0.57^**	0.47^**	?0.43^**	2.62	0.96	?0.26	0.40	?0.08	?0.15	?0.05

站点位置 Station location	植被类型 Vegetation types	时间跨度 Duration	日均值范围 Daily average range/(μmol·m^?2s^?1)	GPP/ (g·m^?2a^?1)	RE/ (g·m^?2a^?1)	NEE/ (g·m^?2a^?1)	数据来源 Data source
湖南会同 Huitong, Hunan	杉木人工林 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	2018.01—2018.12	?17.73~6.14	?1 213.60	958.30	?255.30	赵仲辉等，2011
江西吉安 Ji’an, Jiangxi	人工针叶林 Coniferous plantation	2003.01—2005.12	?15.23~6.82	?1 754.50	1 137.10	?617.40	沈文清，2006
江苏宿迁 Suqian, Jiangsu	杨树人工林 Poplar plantation	2018.01—2018.12	?18.18~5.68	?1 231.00	636.60	?594.40	张悦，2019
浙江安吉 Anji, Zhejiang	毛竹林 Phyllostachys edulis forest	2011.01—2014.12	?15.68~5.00	?1 526.35	939.50	?586.85	陈晓峰，2016
浙江临安 Lin’an, Zhejiang	常绿阔叶混交林 Evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest	2013.07—2014.06	?22.27~7.91	?1 669.23	931.05	?738.18	牛晓栋等，2016
海南儋州 Danzhou, Hainan	橡胶树人工林 Rubber plantation	2010.01—2010.12	?23.91~4.09	?3 143.93	2 010.48	?1 133.45	吴志祥等，2014
广东湛江 Zhanjiang, Guangdong	桉树人工林 Eucalyptus plantation	2018.11—2021.12	?22.94~6.11	?2 907.87	1 509.77	?1 398.83	本研究This paper

站点位置 Station location	植被类型 Vegetation types	林龄Forest age/a	WUE/(g·kg^?1)	数据来源 Data source
湖南会同 Huitong, Hunan	杉木人工林Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	20	2.17	彭丽，2021
江苏洪泗 Hongsi, Jiangsu	杨树人工林Poplar plantation	10	2.20	张悦，2019
江西泰和 Taihe, Jiangxi	马尾松林Pinus massoniana forest、湿地松林 Pinus elliottii forest、杉木林Cunninghamia lanceolata forest	18~23	2.10~2.90	米娜等，2014
广东鼎湖山 Dinghushan, Guangdong	针阔叶混交林 Mixed conifer-broadleaf forest		2.85	黄健强等，2020
广东鼎湖山 Dinghushan, Guangdong	常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest	>400	1.83	Liu et al.，2017
云南哀牢山 Ailaoshan, Yunnan	常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest	>300	2.48	Song et al.，2017
云南勐腊 Mengla, Yunnan	热带雨林 Tropical rain forest		3.16	Tan et al.，2015
海南儋州 Danzhou, Hainan	橡胶树人工林Rubber plantation		4.16	郭沈沈等，2023
广东湛江 Zhanjiang, Guangdong	桉树人工林Eucalyptus plantation	11~15	3.22	本研究This paper

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