多倍化对青钱柳叶形态、光合性能和次生代谢产物积累的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230322

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Cyclocarya paliurus is a unique medicinal plant in China, and its diploid and autotetraploid individuals coexist in natural populations. This study aims to compare and analyze the differences in leaf morphology, photosynthetic performance and secondary metabolite accumulation between diploidy and tetraploidy, in order to provide a basis for elite genotype selection for leaf-use plantations. Method: The leaf morphology, anatomical structure, and stomatal parameters in diploid and tetraploid adult plants from Hefeng, Hubei Province and Qingliangfeng, Anhui Province were measured. Their photosynthetic physiological parameters were also determined. The seasonal dynamics and differences of secondary metabolite profiles between two ploidies were compared. Result: 1) The length, width, and area of tetraploid leaves were 10.94 cm, 4.57 cm, and 118.84 cm², respectively, which were 19.5%, 61.4%, and 94.2% greater than those of diploid leaves. However, there was no significant difference in specific leaf mass. In similar, various tissues in leaf anatomical structure and stomatal morphology in tetraploidy were also significantly larger than that in diploidy. However, the stomatal density in tetraploidy was 158.36 stomata·mm^?2, which was 43.8% less than that of diploidy. 2) The carotenoid content in tetraploidy was significantly higher than that in diploidy, and there were no significant differences in chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b between the two ploidies. The parameters obtained from fitted curves of light response showed that maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_nmax), dark respiration rate (R_d), light compensation point (LCP), and light saturation point (LSP) in diploid were 8.367, 0.997, 25.905, and 1 527.96 μmol·m^?2s^?1, while were 13.797, 1.573, 32.905, and 1 311.36 μmol·m^?2s^?1 in tetraploidy, respectively. Measurement for instantaneous photosynthesis revealed that net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration, and transpiration rate in tetraploidy were significantly higher than those in diploidy. There were no significant differences in stomatal conductance and vapor pressure deficit. 3) The accumulation peaks of major bioactive substances in leaves of two ploidies all occurred in May and September, respectively. There were no significant differences in the content of triterpenoids and flavonoids in two harvest seasons (May and September) between ploidies. The polyphenol content of tetraploidy (13.64 mg·g^?1) was significantly higher than that of diploidy (13.29 mg·g^?1) only in May, while the polysaccharide content of tetraploidy remained consistently higher than that of diploidy throughout the entire growing season, reaching 6.80 mg·g^?1 and 8.58 mg·g^?1 in May and September, respectively. Conclusion: The leaf morphology, anatomical structure and photosynthetic physiological characteristics in tetraploidy are significantly better than those of diploidy, thus promoting its leaf biomass production. The polyphenol content in May and polysaccharide content in whole growth seasons in tetraploidy are significantly higher than those in diploidy, but there is no significant difference in flavonoids and triterpenes contents in the main harvest seasons between two ploides. Comprehensively, the tetraploid is the candidate material for leaf-use plantations in low-altitude areas, and can obtain higher yields of bioactive substances in practice.

Key words: tetraploid, leaf morphology, leaf anatomy, photosynthetic physiology, secondary metabolite

CLC Number:

S722.3+5

Shuyang Wang,Li Tian,Shuntao Zhou,Yuee Chu,Di Mei,Jiaqiu Yuan,Yanhao Yu,Xiangxiang Fu. Effects of Polyploidization on Leaf Morphology, Photosynthetic Performance and Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Cyclocarya paliurus[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(8): 120-131.

Figures/Tables 18

Table 1

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Table 2

Fig.7

Table 3

Fig.8

Table 4

Fig.9

Table 5

Fig.10

Table 6

Fig.11

Table 7

References 0

	邓　波, 曹燕妮, 方升佐, 等. 光照强度对青钱柳叶形态结构、光合特性和生长的影响. 东北林业大学学报, 2015, 43 (8): 1- 6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2015.08.001
	Deng B, Cao Y N, Fang S Z, et al. Influence of light intensity on leaf morphological structure, photosynthesis characteristics and growth of Cyclocarya paliurus. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2015, 43 (8): 1- 6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2015.08.001
	方升佐. 青钱柳产业发展历程及资源培育研究进展. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 46 (6): 115- 126.
	Fang S Z. A review on the development history and the resource siliviculture of Cyclocarya paliurus industry. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2022, 46 (6): 115- 126.
	黄梅芬, 张美艳, 薛世明, 等. 喜马拉雅野生鸭茅二倍体及其同源四倍体的表型性状比较. 西南农业学报, 2021, 34 (2): 244- 249.
	Huang M F, Zhang M Y, Xue S M, et al. Comparison of phenotypic traits between wild diploid and its autotetraploid in Dactylis glomerata subsp. Himalayensis. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 34 (2): 244- 249.
	李秀宇, 董　黎, 孙宇涵, 等. 二倍体与四倍体刺槐组培苗形态和生理性状比较. 核农学报, 2021, 35 (3): 605- 612. doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.03.0605
	Li X Y, Dong L, Sun Y H, et al. Comparison of morphological and physiological characteristics of tissue culture plantlets of diploid and tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 35 (3): 605- 612. doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.03.0605
	刘金霞, 刘　盼, 米娜瓦尔·亚森, 等. 南疆地区枣二倍体及其同源四倍体表型性状比较. 西北农业学报, 2022, 31 (5): 595- 602. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2022.05.008
	Liu J X, Liu P, Minavar Y, et al. Comparison of phenotypic characters between diploid and autotetraploid of Chinese jujube in southern Xinjiang. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2022, 31 (5): 595- 602. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2022.05.008
	刘明秀, 王泓丁, 张宇娜, 等. 三倍体枇杷与其四倍体和二倍体亲本光系统活性差异. 园艺学报, 2021, 48 (1): 37- 48.
	Liu M X, Wang H D, Zhang Y N, et al. Comparative analysis of the photosystem activity of triploid loquats and their tetraploid, diploid parents. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48 (1): 37- 48.
	刘旻霞, 于瑞新, 穆若兰, 等. 兰州北山不同海拔3种典型绿化树种光合特性研究. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30 (10): 1943- 1951.
	Liu W X, Yu R X, Mu R L, et al. Photosynthetic characteristics of three typical tree species at different altitudes in Beishan, Lanzhou. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2021, 30 (10): 1943- 1951.
	商　静, 薛胤轩, 宋连君, 等. 青黑杨全同胞杂种功能叶片及气孔性状变异的倍性、基因型和性别效应解析. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42 (9): 11- 18. doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200095
	Shang J, Xue Y X, Song L J, et al. Ploidy, genotype and gender effects of functional leaf and stomatal traits on short branches in full-sib hybrids between section Tacamahaca and sect. Aigeiros of Populus. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42 (9): 11- 18. doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200095
	尚旭岚, 李琼琼, 邓　波, 等. 光照和施肥对青钱柳幼苗叶片性状与解剖结构的影响. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学版）, 2014, 34 (6): 9- 15.
	Shang X L, Li Q Q, Deng B, et al. Effects of light intensity and fertilization on leaf traits and anatomical structure of Cyclocarya paliurus. Journal of Southwest Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2014, 34 (6): 9- 15.
	韦荣昌, 吴庆华, 马小军, 等. 植物多倍体的研究进展. 种子, 2013, 32 (7): 50- 52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4705.2013.07.012
	Wei R C, Wu Q H, Ma X J, et al. Research progress of plant polypoid. Seed, 2013, 32 (7): 50- 52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4705.2013.07.012
	韦婉羚, 黄珍玲, 陈会鲜, 等. 木薯二倍体及其同源四倍体叶片形态、生理及抗螨特征比较. 核农学报, 2022, 36 (11): 2115- 2123. doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.11.2115
	Wei W L, Huang Z L, Chen H X, et al. Comparison of morphological, physiological and mite resistance characteristics of cassava diploid and its autotetraploid leaves. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 36 (11): 2115- 2123. doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.11.2115
	吴红芝, 梅　琳, 郑思乡, 等. 灯盏花三倍体培育及生物性状的观察研究. 中草药, 2011, 42 (5): 991- 995.
	Wu H Z, Mei L, Zheng S X, et al. Breeding of Erigeron breviscapus triploid and observation of biological properties. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2011, 42 (5): 991- 995.
	岳喜良, 秦　健, 洑香香, 等. 氮素水平对青钱柳叶片主要次生代谢物含量和抗氧化能力的影响. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 44 (2): 35- 42.
	Yue X L, Qin J, Fu X X, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on secondary metabolite accumulation and antioxidant capacity of Cycolcurya paliurus (Batal. ) Iljinskaja leaves. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2020, 44 (2): 35- 42.
	张凌媛, 郭启高, 李晓林, 等. 枇杷气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目与倍性相关性研究. 果树学报, 2005, 2005 (3): 229- 233. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-9980.2005.03.009
	Zhang L Y, Guo Q G, Li X L, et al. Study on the relationship between the number of chloroplast in stomata guard cell and the ploidy of loguat cultivars. Journal of Fruit Science, 2005, 2005 (3): 229- 233. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-9980.2005.03.009
	Bagheri M, Mansouri H. Effect of induced polyploidy on some biochemical parameters in Cannabis sativa L. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2015, 175 (5): 2366- 2375. doi: 10.1007/s12010-014-1435-8
	Blasco M, Badenes M L, Naval M M. 2015. Colchicine-induced polyploidy in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb. ) Lindl. ). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 120(2): 453-461.
	Casson S A, Hetherington A M. Environmental regulation of stomatal development. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2010, 13 (1): 90- 95. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.08.005
	Du Z K, Lin W D, Yu B B, et al. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of the flavonoid accumulation in the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus at different altitudes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2022, 12, 794137. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.794137
	Fang S Z, Wang J Y, Wei Z Y, et al. Methods to break seed dormancy in Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal) Iljinskaja. Scientia Horticulturae, 2006, 110 (3): 305- 309. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2006.06.031
	Fu X X, Zhou X D, Deng B, et al. Seasonal and genotypic variation of water-soluble polysaccharide content in leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science, 2015, 77 (3): 231- 236. doi: 10.2989/20702620.2015.1010698
	Iannicelli J, Guariniello J, Tossi V E, et al. The "polyploid effect" in the breeding of aromatic and medicinal species. Scientia Horticulturae, 2020, 260, 108854. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108854
	Islam M M, Deepo D M, Nasif S O, et al. Cytogenetics and consequences of polyploidization on different biotic-abiotic stress tolerance and the potential mechanisms involved. Plants, 2022, 11 (20): 2684. doi: 10.3390/plants11202684
	Jiao Y N, Wickett N J, Ayyampalayam S, et al. Ancestral polyploidy in seed plants and angiosperms. Nature, 2011, 473 (7345): 97- 100. doi: 10.1038/nature09916
	Kakar M U, Naveed M, Saeed M, et al. A review on structure, extraction, and biological activities of polysaccharides isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batalin) Iljinskaja. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 156, 420- 429. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.022
	Khezri M, Asghari-Zakaria R, Zare N, et al. Tetraploidy induction increases galegine content in Galega officinalis L. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2022, 26, 100366. doi: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2021.100366
	Lawson T, Blatt M R. Stomatal size, speed, and responsiveness impact on photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Plant Physiology, 2014, 164 (4): 1556- 1570. doi: 10.1104/pp.114.237107
	Li Y, Yang J, Song L J, et al. Study of variation in the growth, photosynthesis, and content of secondary metabolites in Eucommia triploids. Trees, 2019, 33 (3): 817- 826. doi: 10.1007/s00468-019-01818-5
	Lin X Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J J, et al. Enhancement of artemisinin content in tetraploid Artemisia annua plants by modulating the expression of genes in artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 2011, 58 (1): 50- 57. doi: 10.1002/bab.13
	Parida B P, Misra B B. 2015. Is a plant's ploidy status reflected in its metabolome? Journal of Postdoctoral Research, 3(4): 1-11.
	Qu Y Q, Shang X L, Zeng Z Y, et al. 2023. Whole-genome duplication reshaped adaptive evolution in a relict plant species, Cyclocarya paliurus. Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, 21(3): 455-469.
	Ramsey J. Polyploidy and ecological adaptation in wild yarrow. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011, 108 (17): 7096- 7101.
	Shi Q H, Liu P, Liu M J, et al. In vivo fast induction of homogeneous autopolyploids via callus in sour jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba Cheng et Liu). Horticultural Plant Journal, 2016, 2 (3): 147- 153. doi: 10.1016/j.hpj.2016.08.002
	Song Z H, Ni X B, Yao J, et al. Progress in studying heteromorphic leaves in Populus euphratica: leaf morphology, anatomical structure, development regulation and their ecological adaptation to arid environments. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 2021, 16 (4): 1870842.
	Talei D, Nekouei M K, Mardi M, et al. Improving productivity of steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana via induced polyploidy. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 2020, 23 (4): 301- 309. doi: 10.1007/s12892-020-00038-5
	Tu Y, Jiang A M, Gan L, et al. Genome duplication improves rice root resistance to salt stress. Rice, 2014, 7 (1): 1- 13. doi: 10.1186/1939-8433-7-1
	Vyas P, Bisht M S, Miyazawa S I, et al. Effects of polyploidy on photosynthetic properties and anatomy in leaves of Phlox drummondii. Functional Plant Biology, 2007, 34 (8): 673- 682. doi: 10.1071/FP07020
	Wang P F, Mu X P, Gao Y G, et al. Successful induction and the systematic characterization of tetraploids in Cerasus humilis for subsequent breeding. Scientia Horticulturae, 2020, 265, 109216. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109216
	Xie J H, Liu X, Shen M Y, et al. Purification, physicochemical characterisation and anticancer activity of a polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves. Food Chemistry, 2013, 136 (3/4): 1453- 1460.
	Yang X H, Cheng J, Yao B, et al. Polyploidy-promoted phenolic metabolism confers the increased competitive ability of Solidago canadensis. Oikos, 2021, 130 (6): 1014- 1025. doi: 10.1111/oik.08280
	Ye Z P. A new model for relationship between irradiance and the rate of photosynthesis in Oryza sativa. Photosynthetica, 2007, 45 (4): 637- 640. doi: 10.1007/s11099-007-0110-5
	Yu X Q, Zhai Y F, Wang P Q, et al. Morphological, anatomical and photosynthetic consequences of artificial allopolyploidization in Cucumis. Euphytica, 2021, 217 (1): 1- 13. doi: 10.1007/s10681-020-02732-5

种源Provenance	二倍体Diploidy (2n)			四倍体Tetraploidy (4n)
种源Provenance	家系Family	样株编号 Sample No	海拔 Altitude/m	家系Family	编号 Number	海拔 Altitude/m
湖北鹤峰 Hefeng, Hubei (HF)	HF5#	NW19-8	1 400~1 600	HF3#	NW16-2	830~1 400
	HF5#	NW19-9		HF3#	NW16-6
	HF11#	NW10-1		HF8#	NW19-6
	HF11#	NW10-2		HF8#	NW20-5
	HF2#	NW3-15		HF10#	NW3-1**
		NW3-17**			NW3-2**
		NW3-16**			NW3-5**
		NW4-15**			NW4-1*
		NW4-16*			NW4-3
安徽清凉峰 Qingliangfeng, Anhui (QLF)	QLF2#	NW9-7*	1 100~1 450	QLF4#	NW19-11	650~1 100
		NW9-8*			NW19-12
		NW9-10			NW20-10*
		NW9-11			NW20-11*
		NW10-10			NW21-12
		NW10-11*			NW21-13
		NW10-12			NW 22-11*
		NW10-13			NW22-12*
		NW10-14*			NW22-13

种源Provenance	倍性 Ploidy	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/(mg·g^?1)	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/(mg·g^?1)	总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll/(mg·g^?1)	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid/(mg·g^?1)
HF	2n	1.71±0.22Aa	0.82±0.13Aa	2.53±0.34Aa	0.30±0.04Ba
HF	4n	1.89±0.16Aa	0.84±0.06Aa	2.73±0.22Aa	0.36±0.02Aa
QLF	2n	1.82±0.20Aa	0.83±0.14Aa	2.65±0.33Aa	0.32±0.03Aa
QLF	4n	2.01±0.26Aa	0.88±0.11Aa	2.89±0.36Aa	0.36±0.02Aa
Total	2n	1.76±0.22Aa	0.82±0.14Aa	2.59±0.34Aa	0.31±0.04Ba
Total	4n	1.95±0.23Aa	0.86±0.09Aa	2.81±0.31Aa	0.36±0.02Aa

种源 Provenance	倍性 Ploidy	净光合速率 P_n/(μmol·m^?2s^?1)	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i/(μmol·mol^?1)	蒸腾速率 Tr/(mmol·m^?2s^?1)	气孔导度 G_s/(mol·m^?2s^?1)	蒸气压亏缺 VPD/kPa
HF	2n	8.13±0.20Aa	217.67±19.78Ba	1.47±0.07Ba	143.00±12.48Aa	18.43±3.00Aa
HF	4n	10.83±0.85Aa	247.92±3.59Aa	1.88±0.06Aa	124.50±9.85Ab	18.08±2.62Ab
QLF	2n	8.08±0.24Ba	191.00±2.11Ba	1.52±0.04Ba	135.75±14.39Aa	18.15±0.90Ba
QLF	4n	10.92±0.27Aa	238.42±5.26Ab	1.77±0.05Ab	140.50±3.99Aa	24.47±1.72Aa
Total	2n	8.11±0.22Ba	204.33±20.15Ba	1.49±0.06Ba	139.38±13.95Aa	18.29±2.22Aa
Total	4n	10.88±0.63Aa	243.17±6.55Aab	1.82±0.08Aab	132.50±10.98Aab	21.28±3.88Aab

种类Species	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
2n HF	12.88±1.12Ab	12.41±0.94Abc	11.73±1.02Ac	12.64±0.93ABbc	13.93±0.93ABa
4n HF	13.70±0.73Aa	12.95±0.82Aab	12.22±0.71Ab	12.65±0.65ABb	13.46±0.93Ba
2n QLF	12.73±1.54Aab	12.08±1.48Abc	11.38±1.03Ac	11.84±1.12Bbc	13.70±0.94ABa
4n QLF	13.57±1.46Aab	12.76±1.15Abc	12.05±0.73Ac	12.89±0.90Abc	14.47±0.86Aa

种类Species	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
2n HF	16.26±1.58Ab	15.11±1.65Abc	14.34±1.10Ac	16.08±1.10ABb	18.35±1.28Aa
4n HF	15.80±1.24Ab	14.38±1.57Ab	14.41±1.53Ab	15.08±1.20ABb	17.21±1.55ABa
2n QLF	15.05±1.84Aa	14.51±1.98Aa	12.51±1.29Bb	14.79±1.78Ba	16.08±1.54Ba
4n QLF	15.58±0.81Abc	15.68±0.83Abc	14.64±1.63Ac	16.47±1.38Ab	17.85±0.80Aa

Effects of Polyploidization on Leaf Morphology, Photosynthetic Performance and Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Cyclocarya paliurus

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 18

References 0

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

种类Species	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 Aug.	9月 Sep.
2n HF	5.35±0.45Cb	4.85±0.45Cc	5.43±0.37Bb	5.73±0.35Cb	6.79±0.35Ba
4n HF	6.28±0.96Ba	5.89±0.80Ba	6.64±0.89Aab	7.13±0.66Bb	8.34±0.79Aa
2n QLF	4.43±0.34Dc	3.90±0.38Dd	4.43±0.31Cc	4.82±0.32Db	5.82±0.31Ca
4n QLF	7.32±1.03Abc	6.68±0.85Ac	7.18±0.71Abc	7.69±0.76Ab	8.81±0.70Aa

[1]	Jingting Wang,Shouyin Li,Zhuang Zuo,Wenxuan Xu,Dejun Hao. Growth, Development and the Resistance Gene Transcriptional Expression of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus（Coleoptera: Curculionidae） Larvae after Feeding on Linalool and Eucalyptol [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(5): 109-120.
[2]	Chang Meng,Yang Peng,Yang Zhao,Xiurong Wang,Feng Xiao. Morphological Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Jatropha nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang and Jatropha curcas Seedlings with Different Leaf Types [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(12): 32-41.
[3]	Ruijing Xu,Xuan Hu,Guanglu Liu,Wen Guo,Changqiang Liang,Xianghe Kong. Differences of Leaf Functional Traits Between Two Climbing Bamboo Species in Tropical Lowland Rainforest of Hainan Island [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(12): 155-166.
[4]	Yanhui Liu,Yiju Hou,Deyuan Shu,Bing Yang,Yingchun Cui,Fangjun Ding. Properties and Spatio-Temporal Variation of Leaf Retained Particulate Matters of the Main Tree Species Planted in Guiyang City [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(6): 12-25.
[5]	Zhou Jing, Yang Qi, Li Gang, Xu Jing. Advances in Endophytic Fungi Diversity and Secondary Metabolites in Rhizophora Plants [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(1): 89-102.
[6]	Cao Ruizhi, Zhang Xinyu, Yang Dawei, Xia Guangdong, Dong Juan. Effects of Different Barking Treatments on Secondary Metabolites of Eucommia ulmoides and Its Ability of Repairing Injury [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(6): 151-158.
[7]	Cao Yanchun, Cao Yabing, Zhao Zhenli, Zhai Xiaoqiao, Fan Guoqiang. A New Variety of Paulownia australis ‘Tetraploid Paulownia australis 1’ [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(8): 168-168.
[8]	Li Yan, Wen Pengfei, Cui Lei, Lei Jiamin, Zhang Xing. Effects of Trace Elements on Adventitious Root Growth and Secondary Metabolites Content of Tripterygium wilfordii [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(2): 134-138.
[9]	Zhao Zhenli, Fan Guoqiang. A New Variety of Paulownia fortunei ‘Tetraploid Paulownia fortunei 1’ [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(12): 168-168.
[10]	Zhang Xiaoshen, Fan Guoqiang, Zhao Zhenli, Cao Xibing, Zhao Gaili, Deng Minjie, Dong Yanpeng. Analysis of Diploid and Its Autotetraploid Paulownia tomentosa×P. fortunei with AFLP and MSAP [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2013, 49(10): 167-172.
[11]	Lu Chao;Cui Binbin;Huang Lujun;Sun Peng;Zhang Guojun;Li Yun. Phenotypic Observation and Analysis of Inflorescence Variation of Autotetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2012, 48(2): 63-68.
[12]	Jiang Jinzhong;Li Yun;He Jiayu;Hao Chen;Wang Shuqin;Wen Fugui. Ovule Abortion and Its Mechanism for Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2011, 47(5): 40-45.
[13]	Li Yan;Yang Guangli;Feng Juntao;Huang Zhengqing;Zhang Xing. Effects of Carbon Sources and Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Growth and Secondary Metabolite Content of Tripterygium wilfordii [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2010, 46(9): 34-39.
[14]	Li Yan;Feng Juntao;Wang Yonghong;Li Yuping;Zhang Xing . Effects of Basic Media and Culture Conditions on Callus Growth and Secondary Metabolite Content of Tripterygium wilfordii [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2010, 46(5): 64-69.
[15]	Li Tiezhu;Tian Dalun;Wuyun Tana;Tan Xiaofeng;Xiang Wenhua;Yan Wende;. Identification and Variation of Tetraploid Camellia oleifera [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2009, 12(3): 150-154.

种类Species	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
2n HF	26.13±1.92Aa	23.39±1.57ABb	21.97±1.38ABb	22.97±1.21ABb	27.14±1.70Aa
4n HF	24.26±1.99Ba	22.56±1.08ABb	20.88±1.12Bc	22.59±1.34Bb	25.12±2.20Ba
2n QLF	23.10±1.67Bbc	22.22±1.45Bc	21.72±1.22ABc	24.19±1.67Aab	24.78±1.58Ba
4n QLF	26.89±2.00Aa	23.86±1.02Ab	22.75±0.71Ab	23.06±1.14ABb	28.23±2.18Aa