适度间伐对日本落叶松人工林生物多样性和土壤多功能性影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220508

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of thinning intensity on understory vegetation, soil microbial community and multifunctionality in a Larix kaempferi (Japanese larch) plantation, so as to provide a theoretical basis for sustainable management of plantations. Method: A 16-year-old Japanese larch plantation in the montane region of eastern Liaoning Province was targeted, and three thinning intensities in standard plots were conducted in April 2019, namely control (2 000 trees·hm^?2; canopy density 0.89); 30% thinning (1 404 trees·hm^?2; canopy density 0.78), 45% thinning (1 106 trees·hm^?2; canopy density 0.69). In July 2020, understory vegetation characteristics were investigated at the peak growth season, and soil samples were collected in spring, summer and autumn. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial community (fungi and bacteria) diversity and composition were measured. Soil multifunctionality was calculated based on 15 soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities parameters related to C, N and P cycles. Result: 1) Compared to the control, 45% thinning intensity significantly increased the diversity of understory vegetation, soil available nutrients, enzyme activity and fungal diversity as well as soil multifunctionality and the impact on soil properties was particularly pronounced in summer. The 30% thinning intensity significantly decreased soil multifunctionality in spring and summer, and had no significant impact on understory vegetation. 2) Thinning significantly affected the relative abundance of dominant phyla and classes of soil fungi, but had no significant influence on the relative abundance of dominant phyla and classes of soil bacteria. Especially, 45% thinning intensity significantly increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota in summer and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Basidiomycota in summer and autumn. The relative abundance of dominant phyla and classes of bacteria was mainly affected by season. 3) Correlation analysis showed that there were significant and positive correlations between the biomass and diversity of understory vegetation, fungal richness and soil multifunctionality. Structural equation model indicated that 45% thinning intensity had a significant direct and positive effect on soil multifunctionality, and had an indirect positive effect on soil multifunctionality by changing fungal community composition. Conclusion: Soil fungal community in Japanese larch plantation is more susceptible to thinning, while bacterial community is significantly affected by season. The 45% thinning intensity (canopy density 0.69) is more conducive to maintain the growth and development of understory vegetation, fungal diversity and soil multifunctionality than the 30% thinning intensity (canopy density 0.78) in 16-year-old Japanese larch plantation.

Key words: thinning, season, understory vegetation, soil multifunctionality, soil microbial community

CLC Number:

S753

Hongxing Wang,Xiaomei Sun,Dongsheng Chen,Chunyan Wu,Shougong Zhang. Effects of Moderate Thinning on Biological Diversity and Soil Multifunctionality in Larix kaempferi Plantations[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(6): 1-11.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Effects of thinning and season on soil properties and multifunctionality"

季节 Season	处理 Thinning	土壤含水量 SWC (%)	土壤有机碳 SOC/(g·kg^?1)	全氮 TN/(g·kg^?1)	全磷 TP/(g·kg^?1)	可溶性碳 DOC/(g·kg^?1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N/(mg·kg^?1)	硝态氮 NO₃^?-N/(mg·kg^?1)	有效磷 AP/(mg·kg^?1)
春 Spring	CK	25.91 ± 0.83b	38.38 ± 0.86a	3.16 ± 0.24a	0.50 ± 0.01a	0.41 ± 0.06a	15.49 ± 1.18ab	9.84 ± 0.93a	7.19 ± 1.16a
	T30	26.80 ± 0.90b	37.26 ± 2.44a	3.01 ± 0.23a	0.49 ± 0.02a	0.41 ± 0.04a	11.54 ± 2.81b	10.38 ± 1.51a	5.36 ± 1.99a
	T45	28.65 ± 0.84a	39.62 ± 2.27a	3.26 ± 0.21a	0.51 ± 0.01a	0.46 ± 0.06a	16.31 ± 1.44a	10.82 ± 0.69a	6.03 ± 1.66a
夏 Summer	CK	13.24 ± 0.87b	37.33 ± 0.53a	3.10 ± 0.20a	0.50 ± 0.01a	0.42 ± 0.02b	10.71 ± 0.74b	5.57 ± 0.65b	6.10 ± 0.70a
	T30	13.25 ± 0.51b	38.54 ± 2.46a	3.04 ± 0.10a	0.49 ± 0.01a	0.46 ± 0.02ab	7.30 ± 0.94c	4.46 ± 0.26c	3.60 ± 1.02b
	T45	17.31 ± 0.27a	38.78 ± 1.69a	3.19 ± 0.14a	0.50 ± 0.02a	0.48 ± 0.04a	12.57 ± 1.15a	8.58 ± 0.51a	6.63 ± 1.03a
秋 Autumn	CK	19.10 ± 0.48b	37.74 ± 2.24a	2.99 ± 0.05a	0.50 ± 0.02a	0.44 ± 0.04a	7.59 ± 0.13b	8.94 ± 0.62a	6.10 ± 1.16a
	T30	19.89 ± 0.42b	37.54 ± 1.80a	3.10 ± 0.18a	0.50 ± 0.01a	0.39 ± 0.03a	7.94 ± 0.18ab	6.08 ± 1.05b	7.31 ± 0.84a
	T45	22.66 ± 0.76a	38.86 ± 1.81a	3.05 ± 0.17a	0.51 ± 0.02a	0.45 ± 0.05a	10.30 ± 0.29a	8.50 ± 0.65a	8.52 ± 0.70a

季节 Season	处理 Thinning	脲酶 URE/ （mg·g^?124h^?1）	β-葡萄糖苷酶 βG/ （μmol·g^?1h^?1）	纤维素水解酶 CBH/ （μmol·g^?1h^?1）	几丁质酶 NAG/ （μmol·g^?1h^?1）	多酚氧化酶 PPO/ （μmol·g^?1h^?1）	过氧化物酶 POD/ （μmol·g^?1h^?1）	酸性磷酸酶 ACP/ （μmol·g^?1·h^?1）	土壤多功能性 SMF
春 Spring	CK	6.27±0.83a	0.55±0.04a	0.21±0.01a	0.14±0.01a	0.14±0.03a	0.72±0.04c	2.80±0.05a	0.75±0.01a
	T30	5.56±1.02a	0.53±0.01b	0.15±0.01b	0.11±0.02b	0.07±0.01b	0.91±0.01b	2.72±0.07a	0.67±0.01b
	T45	6.39±0.85a	0.56±0.02a	0.20±0.01a	0.16±0.01a	0.15±0.04a	1.07±0.02a	2.80±0.04a	0.78±0.02a
夏 Summer	CK	5.47±1.15a	0.45±0.02b	0.17±0.01a	0.18±0.01b	0.23±0.03b	0.82±0.05b	2.44±0.05b	0.67±0.01b
	T30	5.20±0.53a	0.42±0.03b	0.13±0.01b	0.15±0.01b	0.21±0.06b	0.79±0.13b	2.34±0.08b	0.60±0.02c
	T45	6.29±0.52a	0.49±0.01a	0.17±0.02a	0.22±0.02a	0.31±0.03a	0.96±0.05a	2.66±0.05a	0.74±0.01a
秋 Autumn	CK	4.90±0.67a	0.32±0.01a	0.09±0.02a	0.09±0.02a	0.26±0.02b	0.74±0.05b	2.18±0.04a	0.60±0.01b
	T30	5.05±0.30a	0.29±0.02b	0.09±0.01a	0.10±0.01a	0.32±0.01ab	0.79±0.07b	2.16±0.05a	0.61±0.01b
	T45	4.94±0.50a	0.34±0.02a	0.08±0.01a	0.11±0.01a	0.34±0.06a	0.92±0.16a	2.22±0.04a	0.68±0.01a

Table 2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

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间伐强度 Thinning intensity	平均胸径 Average DBH/cm	平均树高 Average height/m	郁闭度 Canopy density	保留密度 Density/(trees·hm^?2)	坡向 Aspect	海拔 Altitude/m	坡度 Slope/(°)
对照 CK	12.0 ± 0.2	15.5 ± 0.2	0.89 ± 0.02	2 000 ± 32	西北Northwest	375	8°
30%间伐强度30% thinning（T30）	13.0 ± 0.2	16.3 ± 0.4	0.78 ± 0.02	1 404 ± 41	西北Northwest	379	10°
45%间伐强度45% thinning（T45）	13.7 ± 0.2	16.7 ± 0.3	0.69 ± 0.01	1 106 ± 41	西北Northwest	391	11°

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Effects of Moderate Thinning on Biological Diversity and Soil Multifunctionality in Larix kaempferi Plantations

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