关于现代林草业可持续发展的几点战略思考

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250325

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文主要从战略角度对现代林草业的本质、内涵及可持续发展路径几个方面进行探讨。首先，从可持续发展及生态文明建设的理念形成及发展进程来看，现在林草部门从事自然资源经营管理事业，是生态文明建设的主力部门之一。其次，明确林草业既是生态文明建设中生态保护和建设的主要支柱，同时它又是带有物质生产功能的产业部门。在分别仔细分析林草业在3个生态系统领域（自然生态系统、人工生态系统及高层次区域生态系统）的治理活动，以及林草业作为一个产业部门在四大生态系统服务功能（物产提供、生态调节、社会文化及系统支持）的作用下所产生的巨大的经济、生态、社会文化三大效益之后，指出林草业的这种双重身份，是它的特色，也是它的优势所在。为了充分发挥林草业在生态建设和产业发展中的作用，需要做三件大事，即生态保护、科学绿化和林草可持续经营。在分别分析这三条路径的内涵和原则方针后提出结论，即护绿、扩绿、兴绿三绿并举。生态保护、科学绿化、林草可持续经营这三驾马车并列前进，必将使中国的林草业成为中国现代化生态文明建设的一根坚强支柱，也将把林草业上升为一个强国富民的兴旺产业。

关键词: 林草业, 生态文明建设, 生态保护和建设, 产业部门, 科学绿化, 林草可持续经营

Abstract:

This paper mainly discussed the substance, implications and sustainable development routes of modern forestry and grassland sector. First of all, it looked at the forestry and grassland sector as the undertakings of natural resource management in the light of idea formation and development process of sustainable development and ecological civilization, it is one of the supporting sectors for the ecological civilization construction. Secondly, it is made clear that forestry and grassland sector is the main pillar for the part of ecological conservation, remediation and construction in the scope of ecological civilization construction, it is also an industry sector with the material production functions. After the separate and deliberate analyses in the three ecosystem categories (natural ecosystem, artificial ecosystem and higher degree regional ecosystem) and in huge effectiveness produced by the four ecosystem service functions (provisional, regulatory, cultural and supportive) of forest and grassland sector, it is indicated that the dual identity of forest and grassland sector is specific to it and its superiority. Three big endeavors should be done for the accomplishment of success both in the ecological construction and industrial sector of forest and grassland, they are: ecological protection, scientific greening and sustainable management of forest and grassland. Based on the analysis of implications and principle guidelines of these routes, some basic conclusions have been made: simultaneously protect, enlarge and raise up the green space, run the tricycle of ecological protection, scientific greening and sustainable management of forest and grassland vigorously, it will make the forest and grassland sector a strong pillar for the modern ecological civilization construction, and the forestry and grassland sector will be raised up to a prosperous industrial sector for a rich and powerful nation.

Key words: forestry and grassland sector, ecological civilization construction, ecological conservation and construction, industrial sector, scientific greening, sustainable management of forest and grassland

中图分类号:

沈国舫. 关于现代林草业可持续发展的几点战略思考[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(7): 1-7.

Guofang Shen. Some Strategic Considerations on the Sustainable Development of Modern Forestry and Grassland Sector[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(7): 1-7.

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参考文献 0

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自然保存及退化程度 Preservation and degradation degree	治理对策 Governance strategies
原始状态或近原始状态保存的生态系统 Pristine or near-pristine preserved ecosystems	生态保护，包括设置各种类型的自然保护地，特别是自然保护区，普遍的生物多样性保护及可持续经营 Ecological protection， involving establishing various types of protected areas （particularly natural reserves）， along with widespread biodiversity preservation and sustainable management
轻微退化的生态系统 Slightly degraded ecosystems	生态保育，在保护的基础上适当增加抚育管理及促进更新等措施 Ecological conservation， involving appropriately incorporating rehabilitation management and regeneration enhancement measures based on protection
退化（的生态系统 Degraded ecosystems	生态修复，在保育的基础上增加强有力的措施以修复生态系统的结构、过程和功能 Ecological remediation， entailing implementing robust interventions beyond conservation to restore ecosystem structure， processes， and function
被破坏的或消失的生态系统 Destroyed or disappeared ecosystems	按原有生态系统模式重建生态系统或在已改变了的条件下新建生态系统，如造林、种草 Ecosystems need restoration based on original reference models， or undergo new establishment under altered conditions， such as afforestation and grass sowing

人工生态系统 Artificial ecosystems	治理措施 Governance activities
农耕地及人工草场 Farmland and pasture	土壤修复改良Soil remediation and amelioration 防护林体系建设Establishment of shelterbelt system 退耕还林、还草、还湿Conversion of farmland to forest，grassland or wetland 农林复合经营Agroforestry 生态循环农业Ecological circulative agriculture
城镇地区Urban area	城镇植树造林及城市林业Urban forestry 风景园林建设，包括公园和花园建设、道路绿化、庭院绿化及垂直绿化 Landscape architecture， encompassing park and garden construction， roadside greening， courtyard greening， and vertical greening 人工垦复的海岸滩地的生态建设 Ecological development of artificially reclaimed coastal tidelands
不同类型的基础设施建设区域Different types of infrastructure and construction sites	废弃或坍塌矿区修复Mine site remediation 厂矿污染用地的修复Brown field restoration 厂区绿化Greening of industrial site 道路、场站、管道、高压线路建设损伤地区的修复 Damaged infrastructure site remediation for areas affected by construction of roads， stations， pipelines， and high-voltage power lines 海岸滩涂、水库岸修复等等 Shoreline rehabilitation of coastal mudflats and reservoir banks，etc.

高层次生态系统 High-level ecosystem	治理对策 Governance strategies
生态景观Landscape	根据自然规律在景观区域内进行土地利用规划，调整景观内各生态系统的类型和大小，使之更为和谐健康 Landscape-scale land use planning guided by natural laws， optimizing ecosystem types/sizes for enhanced harmony and health
中小流域 Small and medium watershed	在山水林田湖草沙自然生态系统合理布局及综合治理基础上对各生态系统进行保育、修复乃至重建新建林草植被 Implementing conservation， remediation， restoration & new establishment of vegetation across integrated and rationally allocated mountains-waters-forests-fields-lakes-grasses-sands systems
区域（江河流域或山系）治理Region（river watershed and mountain range）	在自然生态系统综合治理和社会对土地合理需求（城市、乡村、交通、管线等）相结合的基础上进行宏观的土地利用规划，各生态系统的保育、修复、重建或新建，机构设置，政策调控及经费安排 Macro-scale land use planning balancing natural ecosystem management with societal land demands （urban/rural/transport/pipelines）， coupled with ecosystem conservation/remediation/restoration/new establishment， as well as institutional， policy and financial measures
大陆及地球生物圈 Continent and biosphere	以上各项措施的总和加上更加强调生物多样性保护和碳汇扩增 Integration of all above mentioned measures with heightened emphasis on biodiversity preservation and carbon sink expansion

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