挠力河保护区退耕模式对鸟类群落多样性的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250203

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析黑龙江挠力河国家级自然保护区（简称挠力河保护区）退耕区域的鸟类群落结构，辨识不同退耕模式、湿地恢复时间和群落演替阶段对鸟类群落恢复的影响，为湿地恢复和物种保护提供科学依据，为鸟类群落多样性的保护管理提供数据支持。方法: 采用样线法与样点法相结合的方式，对挠力河保护区退耕区域的鸟类群落多样性进行野外调查，利用单因素方差分析法分析鸟类群落多样性差异，计算鸟类群落Shannon多样性指数、Pielou 均匀度指数和优势度。结果: 1） 2019年4月—2020年11月，在研究区域共记录到16目36科84种鸟类，其中国家一级、二级重点保护鸟类19种（共占比22.62%）；群落的Shannon多样性指数为3.101，Pielou均匀度指数为0.265。2）在不同退耕模式驱动下，鸟类物种丰富度均呈上升趋势，群落多样性差异显著（P<0.05），但自然退耕模式的鸟类物种丰富度明显高于人工退耕模式；自然退耕模式的水鸟比例更高，人工退耕模式的陆地鸟类比例更高。3）随着退耕时间延长，物种丰富度升高；退耕时间越长，水鸟丰富度越高。4）不同演替阶段的鸟类群落多样性差异显著（P<0.05），鸟类物种多样性随生境演替发展而增加。结论: 自然退耕模式和长期生态恢复对提升鸟类群落多样性具有显著的积极影响，这种积极效应需要一定的时间来显现。未来应继续关注退耕模式选择和退耕时间的持续性，以确保鸟类群落多样性的长期稳定和生态系统的健康。

关键词: 自然退耕, 人工退耕, 退耕时间, 鸟类多样性, 演替阶段, 黑龙江挠力河国家级自然保护区

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to assess the ecological effects of farmland reversion in the Heilongjiang Naoli River National Nature Reserve (hereinafter, Naoli River Reserve), particularly the impact of wetland area recovery on avian habitats. By analyzing changes in avian community composition, this research provides scientific evidence for wetland restoration and species conservation, as well as data support for the management of avian biodiversity. Method: Combining line transect and point count methods, a field survey of avian community diversity in the farmland reversion areas of the Naoli River Reserve was conducted. The collected data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Result: 1) From April 2019 to November 2020, a total of 84 bird species belonging to 36 families and 16 orders were recorded in the study area, including 19 species of national first- and second-class protected birds (accounting for 22.62% of the total). The Shannon-Wiener index of the avian community was 3.101, and the Pielou's evenness index was 0.265. 2) Under different farmland reversion models, avian species richness showed an increasing trend, with significant differences in community diversity (P<0.05). Natural farmland reversion resulted in higher species richness compared to artificial retirement. The proportion of waterbirds was higher in naturally retired areas, while terrestrial birds were more abundant in artificially retired areas. 3) Driven by different reversion durations, species richness increased with the extension of retirement time. The longer the retirement duration, the higher the richness of waterbirds. 4) There were significant differences in avian community diversity among different transition stages (P<0.05), with species diversity increasing with the development of habitat succession. Conclusion: Comprehensive analysis reveals that natural farmland reversion and long-term ecological restoration measures have a significantly positive impact on avian diversity. However, this positive effect requires a certain period to manifest. Therefore, future ecological restoration and conservation efforts should continue to focus on the selection of farmland reversion models and the duration of reversion to ensure the long-term stability of avian diversity and the health of ecosystems.

Key words: natural farmland reversion, artificial farmland reversion, farmland restoration time, bird diversity, transition stages, Heilongjiang Naoli River National Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

吴庆明,孙雪颖,林晓刚,陈露,吕泓学,邹红菲,朱井丽. 挠力河保护区退耕模式对鸟类群落多样性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(7): 262-273.

Qingming Wu,Xueying Sun,Xiaogang Lin,Lu Chen,Hongxue Lü,Hongfei Zou,Jingli Zhu. Influences of Farmland Reversion Models on Avian Community Diversity in the Naoli River Nature Reserve[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(7): 262-273.

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