基于GC-MS-O技术的景观设计用马尾松木材气味化合物分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220381

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 鉴定马尾松木材气味化合物及气味特征并分析其来源和释放机制，为马尾松气味数据库的构建及其作为景观木材在景观设计中的科学利用提供指导。方法: 以不同含水率的马尾松心、边材为研究对象，利用气相色谱-质谱-嗅闻（GC-MS-O）技术分析马尾松木材气味化合物释放特性。结果: 马尾松木材常温状态下释放的气味化合物共25种，主要有α-蒎烯（浓松木香）、莰烯（薄荷香，刺激）、柠檬烯（柠檬香，清香）、长叶烯（清凉）和(+)-环苜蓿烯（清香）等。马尾松木材气味化合物主要组分为萜类、醇类、烃类和醛类等，萜类占气味化合物总量的90.99%~96.58%（质量浓度）。马尾松木材气味化合物以薄荷樟脑、清香花香和木香为主，伴有果香和甜香，偶有较弱的杏仁和皮革混合香气味。随着含水率降低，马尾松木材气味化合物总质量浓度和气味强度呈先升后降趋势。边材气味化合物的种类、质量浓度和气味强度大于心材，含水率30%时，边材气味化合物的质量浓度和气味强度分别是心材的6.76和1.77倍。马尾松边材中含萜类、醇类、烃类和醛类等气味化合物，心材中仅萜类和烃类气味化合物稳定存在，偶有少量醇类化合物。单体气味化合物质量浓度与木材含水率相关，但相关性在心、边材中有所不同。单体气味化合物质量浓度与单体气味强度总体呈正相关，但相关系数因化合物种类、木材位置和木材含水率不同差异较大。结论: 薄荷樟脑、清香花香和木香是马尾松木材的主要气味，果香和甜香起气味修饰作用，整体上马尾松木材气味可带给人们舒缓、放松、愉快等心理感受。马尾松木材用作景观材料，对使用者的心理和身体健康均有积极作用，适宜用于大部分城市公园、儿童公园以及疗愈景观中。

关键词: 景观材料, 马尾松, 气味化合物, 气味特征, 环境健康, 气相色谱-质谱-嗅闻技术

Abstract:

Objective: Identifying the compositions and odor characteristics of odor-active compounds emissions from Pinus massoniana woods, and analyzing sources and release mechanisms will be helpful to provide guidance for the construction of the odor database and scientific utilization of Pinus massoniana woods as materials in landscape design. Method: Emission characteristics of odor-active compounds from heartwoods and sapwoods with different moisture contents were researched via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry in this paper. Result: In total, 25 substances were successfully identified. The main odorants were α-pinene (dense pine wood), camphene (mint, pungent), limonene (fresh, lemon), longifolene (cooling) and (+)-cycloisosativene (fresh). The main components of odor compounds from Pinus massoniana woods were terpenoids, alcohols, hydrocarbons and aldehydes. Terpenoids accounted for 90.99%?96.58% of the total odorants, followed by alcohols and hydrocarbons. The odour attributes of Pinus massoniana timbers were mainly mint-camphor, fresh floral and woody aromas, accompanied by fruity and sweet fragrance, and occasionally presented a weak of almond and leather-mixture aroma. With the decrease of moisture content, the total mass concentrations and odor intensities firstly increased and then decreased. The species, concentrations and intensities of odor-active compounds from sapwoods were higher than those from heartwoods. For example, when the moisture content was 30%, concentrations and intensities of odor-active compounds from sapwoods were 6.76 times and 1.77 times of those from heartwoods, respectively. Terpenoids, alcohols, hydrocarbons and aldehydes also existed in sapwoods, whereas only terpenoids and hydrocarbons were detected stably in heartwoods, occasionally followed by a few of alcohols emissions. The concentration of compound monomer was correlated with wood moisture content, and the result for the same substance was different due to the diversity of heartwood and sapwood. In general, there was a positive correlation between the concentration and odor intensity of the same compound monomer, which was related to compound specie, wood location and wood moisture content. Conclusion: The odour attributes were mainly mint-camphor, fresh floral and woody aromas, modified by fruit and sweet smell, which had relax and happy effect on psychological feeling. Therefore, as the important landscape material, Pinus massoniana wood has a positive effect on the use’s mental and physical health, and is proper for use in most urban parks, children’s parks, and healing landscapes.

Key words: landscape materials, Pinus massoniana, odor-active compounds, odour attribute, environmental health, gaschromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O)

中图分类号:

沈熙为,曾彬,葛梦婷,王敬贤. 基于GC-MS-O技术的景观设计用马尾松木材气味化合物分析[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(9): 159-169.

Xiwei Shen,Bin Zeng,Mengting Ge,Jingxian Wang. Analysis of Odor-Active Compounds from Pinus massoniana as Materials in Landscape Design Based on GC-MS-O Technology[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(9): 159-169.

图/表 7

表1

不同含水率马尾松边材释放的气味物质质量浓度和气味强度①"

化合物编号 No.	化合物名称 Compound name	气味特征 Odor characteristics	120%		90%		60%		30%		10%
化合物编号 No.	化合物名称 Compound name	气味特征 Odor characteristics	C/ (μg·m^?3)	OI	C/ (μg·m^?3)	OI	C/ (μg·m^?3)	OI	C/ (μg·m^?3)	OI	C/ (μg·m^?3)	OI
2	莰烯Camphene	薄荷香，刺激Mint, pungent	450.86	4.0	429.69	3.8	536.47	3.0	373.79	3.0	359.32	3.0
3	α-水芹烯α-Phellandrene	果香Fruity aroma	—	—	74.07	1.6	62.48	1.3	37.95	1.5	—	—
4	α-蒎烯α-Pinene	浓松木香Dense pine wood	898.26	2.8	2174.98	4.0	3009.63	4.0	1831.66	3.4	1159.49	3.0
5	柠檬烯Limonene	清香，柠檬香Fresh, lemon	70.92	1.4	199.66	2.0	192.75	2.2	159.76	2.0	119.81	1.6
6	异松香芹醇Isopinocarveol	树皮味Bark flavour	—	—	23.77	1.8	—	—	—	—	—	—
7	反式-3-蒈烯-2-醇 trans-3-Caren-2-ol	木香Woody aroma	—	—	—	—	—	—	59.65	2.8	—	—
8	樟脑Camphor	樟脑味，刺激Camphor, pungent	13.96	2.8	11.56	2.8	7.25	3.0	59.34	3.3	38.79	3.0
9	(+)-环苜蓿烯(+)-Cycloisosativene	清香Fresh fragrance	16.68	1.2	103.03	2.0	76.60	1.8	158.27	2.0	—	—
10	长叶烯Longifolene-(V4)	清凉Cooling	40.14	1.5	146.12	2.5	133.53	2.2	251.29	2.8	—	—
11	(Z)-7,11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(Z)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-Dodecatriene	清香Fresh fragrance	14.56	1.2	70.28	2.0	67.95	2.0	148.79	2.5	—	—
12	异喇叭烯Isoledene	木香Woody aroma	8.41	2.0	15.69	2.3	15.24	2.3	29.59	2.8	22.84	2.5
13	己醛Hexanal	青草果香Arom of grass and fruity	18.57	2.2	33.29	2.8	10.32	1.5	20.24	2.3	8.33	1.5
14	苯甲醛Benzaldehyde	杏仁油味Almond oil	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	7.12	1.2
15	癸醛Decanal	柑橘味Citrus flavour	—	—	6.55	1.2	—	—	—	—	—	—
16	桉树醇Eucalyptol	樟脑味Camphor	24.34	1.8	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
17	顺-α-松油醇cis-α-Terpineol	清凉，薄荷香Cooling, mint	7.27	2.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
18	2-莰醇Borneol	樟脑味 Camphor	33.67	2.8	48.10	2.8	41.20	2.8	35.42	2.8	16.04	2.0
19	(R)-4-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-3-环己烯-1-醇 (R)-4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl) -3-Cyclohexene-1-ol	清香Fresh fragrance	42.10	2.8	27.98	2.8	23.05	2.8	9.25	1.8	10.66	2.0
20	à, à4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇 à, à4-trimethyl-3- Cyclohexene-1-methanol	淡花香Fresh floral	—	—	64.70	3.2	42.22	3.2	26.96	3.0	10.62	2.3
21	2-丙烯基环丁烯2-propenylidene-Cyclobutene	清香Fresh fragrance	—	—	—	—	13.53	1.5	17.60	1.5	10.87	1.2
22	乙苯Ethylbenzene	芳香，甜味Aromatic, sweet	11.25	1.5	20.61	1.8	5.71	1.0	21.69	2.0	19.97	1.8
23	1,3-二甲基苯1,3-dimethyl-Benzene	甜香Sweet fragrance	12.79	1.4	9.91	1.0	9.10	1.0	27.78	1.5	18.35	1.5
24	十四烷Tetradecane	皮革味Leather	—	—	22.49	2.5	—	—	—	—	—	—

表1

表2

不同含水率马尾松心材释放的气味物质质量浓度和气味强度①"

化合物编号No.	化合物名称 Compound name	气味特征 Odor characteristics	120%		90%		60%		30%		10%
化合物编号No.	化合物名称 Compound name	气味特征 Odor characteristics	C/ (μg·m^?3)	OI	C/ (μg·m^?3)	OI	C/ (μg·m^?3)	OI	C/ (μg·m^?3)	OI	C/ (μg·m^?3)	OI
1	(?)-2,6,6-三甲基-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯 2,6,6- trimethyl-(?)-Bicyclo[3.1.1] hept-2-ene	甜香Sweet fragrance	4.12	1.0	5.68	1.2	4.55	1.0	4.26	1.0	—	—
2	莰烯Camphene	薄荷香，刺激Mint, pungent	87.25	2.8	118.92	2.8	117.95	2.8	114.32	2.5	109.61	2.6
3	α-水芹烯α-Phellandrene	果香Fruity aroma	12.37	1.2	28.46	1.3	26.00	1.2	11.59	1.2	2.90	1.0
4	α-蒎烯α-Pinene	浓松木香Dense pine wood	392.94	2.8	556.09	3.0	492.95	3.0	200.24	2.2	235.95	2.2
5	柠檬烯Limonene	清香，柠檬香Fresh, lemon	37.30	1.0	72.02	1.3	56.36	1.2	25.82	1.2	35.37	1.2
8	樟脑Camphor	樟脑味，刺激Camphor, pungent	17.14	3.0	35.86	3.3	42.82	3.2	13.28	2.8	7.25	1.0
9	(+)-环苜蓿烯(+)-Cycloisosativene	清香Fresh fragrance	20.04	1.4	18.35	1.4	18.35	1.4	27.07	1.5	24.06	1.5
10	长叶烯Longifolene-(V4)	清凉Cooling	29.47	1.7	26.78	1.3	23.98	1.4	37.50	1.3	31.08	1.5
11	(Z)-7,11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(Z)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-Dodecatriene	清香Fresh fragrance	23.98	1.5	18.31	1.2	13.97	1.2	17.34	1.2	—	—
12	异喇叭烯Isoledene	木香Woody aroma	4.70	1.2	4.88	1.2	4.63	1.3	5.16	1.5	—	—
17	顺-α-松油醇cis-α-Terpineol	清凉，薄荷香Cooling, mint	4.50	2.0	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
18	2-莰醇Borneol	樟脑味 Camphor	3.64	1.0	4.50	1.2	4.48	1.0	2.87	1.0	—	—
19	(R)-4-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-3-环己烯-1-醇 (R)-4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl) -3-Cyclohexene-1-ol	清香Fresh fragrance	4.93	1.3	5.51	1.3	5.59	1.3	3.26	1.0	—	—
20	à, à4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇 à, à4-trimethyl-3- Cyclohexene-1-methanol	淡花香Fresh floral	7.78	1.8	7.38	2.0	9.26	2.3	5.22	1.5	—	—
21	2-丙烯基环丁烯2-propenylidene-Cyclobutene	清香Fresh fragrance	—	—	—	—	—	—	4.12	1.0	—	—
22	乙苯Ethylbenzene	芳香，甜味Aromatic, sweet	4.97	1.2	8.15	1.2	9.56	1.3	5.60	1.0	7.00	1.0
23	1,3-二甲基苯1,3-dimethyl-Benzene	甜香Sweet fragrance	5.41	1.0	8.03	1.5	10.72	1.3	5.68	1.2	7.44	1.0
25	十六烷Hexadecane	混合香Mixture aroma	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	4.12	1.0

表2

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

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