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林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (9): 71-80.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190908

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

濒危植物新疆野扁桃的遗传多样性

马松梅1, 王春成2, 孙芳芳2, 魏博2, 聂迎彬3   

  1. 1. 石河子大学理学院 石河子 832000;
    2. 石河子大学生命科学学院 石河子 832000;
    3. 新疆农垦科学院作物研究所 石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-19 修回日期:2019-03-11 发布日期:2019-10-28
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41261011;41561007);旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室(西北农林科技大学)开放基金(CSBAA2015014)。

Genetic Diversity of an Endangered Plant Amygdalus ledebouriana in Xinjiang

Ma Songmei1, Wang Chuncheng2, Sun Fangfang2, Wei Bo2, Nie Yingbin3   

  1. 1. College of Science, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000;
    2. College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000;
    3. Institute of Crop Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences Shihezi 832000
  • Received:2018-11-19 Revised:2019-03-11 Published:2019-10-28

摘要: [目的]基于cpDNA序列,对孑遗濒危植物新疆野扁桃的遗传多样性、遗传结构和显著进化单元等进行分析,为居群的保护提供依据。[方法]基于叶绿体序列trnL-trnF和psbK-psbI,对新疆野扁桃自然分布区内的8个居群共102个个体进行序列分析;利用分子方差分析和景观遗传插值分析居群间的遗传分化;利用最大似然树和贝叶斯系统树分析单倍型间的分子系统关系。[结果]1)叶绿体序列trnL-trnF和psbK-psbI拼接后的总长度为584 bp,鉴别了14个核苷酸变异位点,共定义了9个单倍型。居群间总的遗传多样(hT)和居群内平均遗传多样性(hS)分别为0.755和0.487。2)AMOVA分析结果表明,65.71%的遗传变异来源于居群间。物种分布范围内存在显著的遗传结构(NST>GSTP<0.05)。3)单倍型的最大似然树和贝叶斯系统树均表明新疆野扁桃自然分布区内9个叶绿体单倍型共聚为2支:阿勒泰和塔城地区的居群各为一支。单倍型网络图和主坐标分析结果也表明阿勒泰和塔城地区的居群各聚为一支。所有居群的遗传景观分析表明,阿勒泰地区和塔城地区的居群之间表现出明显的遗传分化。4)哈巴河孔墩林山麓居群和裕民保护区居群2拥有较高的遗传多样性,可以作为该濒危植物遗传多样性保护的重点。[结论]基于cpDNA序列,新疆野扁桃居群的遗传变异主要来源于居群间,阿勒泰地区和塔城地区的居群组间存在显著的遗传分化。阿勒泰居群组和塔城居群组可以作为2个显著进化单元,哈巴河孔墩林山麓居群和裕民保护区居群2应该作为新疆野扁桃遗传多样性保护的重点。研究结果可以为深入研究新疆野扁桃居群的分布、进化和保护提供科学依据。

关键词: 新疆野扁桃, 遗传多样性, 遗传分化, 显著进化单元, 保护

Abstract: [Objective] Based on the cpDNA sequences, we aimed to analyze the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of the relict and endangered Amygdalus ledebouriana in Xinjiang and to provide a scientific basis for conservation of the populations.[Method] Based on the cpDNA of trnL-trnF and psbK-psbI, we sequenced 102 individuals from 8 populations in the natural distribution of A. ledebouriana in Xinjiang. AMOVA analysis and landscape genetic interpolation were employed to estimate genetic differentiation among populations, and maximum likelihood method and Bayesian method were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree based on cpDNA haplotypes.[Result] 1) The combined lengths of trnL-trnF and psbK-psbI was 584 bp, 14 polymorphic sites were detected, and a total of 9 haplotypes were identified. The total gene diversity across all populations (hT) and the average gene diversity within-population (hS) were 0.755 and 0.487, respectively. 2) Results from AMOVA suggested that 65.71% of the observed variation was due to differences among populations. A significant genetic structure (NST>GST, P<0.05) was identified in the natural distribution of the species. 3) Nine haplotypes clustered into two clades, corresponding to the Altay region and the Tacheng region, respectively. The haplotype network and PCoA analyses also showed two groups consistent with the geographical regions of the Altay and Tacheng. Landscape genetic interpolation analyses indicated significant genetic differentiation between populations from Altay and Tacheng regions. 4) The populations of Kong Dunlin foothills of Habahe County(HBK) and the Group 2 in Protected Areas of Yumin County(YMB2) were identified as having a high degree of genetic diversity,priority should be given to these areas for conservation of this endangered plant.[Conclusion] Based on the cpDNA sequences, most of the observed variation of Amygdalus ledebouriana was due to differences among the populations, and significant genetic differentiation between the Altay and Tacheng regions was identified. The two population groups of Altay and Tacheng regions can serve as two ESUs, and the HBK and YMB2 were identified as the priority areas for conservation of genetic diversity of the species.This study provides a scientific basis for further studies of the distribution, evolution and conservation of A. ledebouriana populations.

Key words: Amygdalus ledebouriana, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, evolutionarily significant units(ESUs), conservation

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