晋西黄土区油松和刺槐2种人工林内乔灌优势种的土壤水分利用及水分生态位特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220601

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析晋西黄土区刺槐人工林和油松人工林内上层乔木优势种与下层灌木优势种在不同降雨事件下对土壤水分的利用和水分生态位变化特征, 探究不同量级降雨事件下同一林分内上层乔木与下层灌木的水分利用策略及对水分的竞争/互补关系, 为黄土高原植被恢复和管理提供理论依据。方法: 降雨前后分别采集上层乔木(油松、刺槐)和下层灌木(黄刺玫、六道木)的木质部, 以及0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40、40~60、60~80和80~120 cm土层土壤和大气降雨样品, 分析稳定同位素特征及其动态变化, 采用MixSIAR模型计算各层土壤水对植物木质部水的贡献率, 应用Levins指数和Levins重叠指数计算水分生态位宽度和生态位重叠度。结果: 土壤含水量、土壤水δ¹⁸O、乔灌木吸水深度和水分生态位特征均受降雨影响, 影响程度和持续时间随降雨量大小而变化。12.7和33.4 mm降雨前后, 油松及其林下灌木黄刺玫均主要吸收0~80 cm土壤水, 雨后二者对0~40 cm土壤水的利用比例远远高于雨前。3.1 mm降雨并未对刺槐和六道木的水分利用产生明显影响。106.6 mm降雨后, 刺槐增加对0~40 cm土壤水的利用比例但存在时间滞后, 六道木对降雨响应迅速, 雨后对0~40 cm土壤水的利用比例增至49.3%~62.5%。上层乔木的水分生态位宽度较稳定, 在一定范围内上下波动, 下层灌木的水分生态位宽度随降雨量及雨后土壤含水量变化, 发生降雨入渗后可引起油松和黄刺玫以及刺槐和六道木之间生态位重叠度的变化。结论: 除次降3.1 mm事件外, 同一林分内上层乔木(油松、刺槐)和下层灌木(黄刺玫、六道木)在不同量级降雨下的水分利用来源及水分生态位特征均存在差异。下层灌木生态位宽度受降雨的影响大于上层乔木, 且生态位重叠度与生态位宽度存在一定联系。油松及其林下灌木黄刺玫具有相似的水分利用策略, 刺槐及其林下灌木六道木具有不同的水分利用策略。在植被恢复过程中, 可将深根植物与浅根植物结合栽植, 以减少对土壤水分的竞争。

关键词: 水分利用策略, 水分生态位特征, 油松, 刺槐, 黄土高原, MixSIAR

Abstract:

Objective: In order to explore water use strategies and competition/complementarity relationships of arbors and shrubs under different magnitudes of rainfall in the same stand, we analysed the soil water use resource and water niche characteristics of dominant species in arbor layer and shrub layer in the Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in the Loess region of Western Shanxi Province, it is expected to provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and management in the Loess region. Method: We collected the xylem of upper story arbors (R. pseudoacacia and P. tabulaeformis) and lower story shrubs (Rosa xanthina and Abelia biflora), the soil of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-60, 60-80, and 80-120 cm layers and rainfall samples to study¹⁸O characteristics and dynamic changes before and after rainfall events. The MixSIAR model was adopted to calculate the contribution rate of soil water at different soil layers to different plant species, and the niche width and niche overlap were calculated using the Levins index and Levins overlap formula. Result: The results showed that the soil water content, ¹⁸O of soil water, water absorption depth of trees and shrubs, and niche characteristics of water were affected by rainfall, but the impact and duration of different rainfalls were different. Before and after 12.7 and 33.4 mm precipitation, P. tabulaeformis and the understory shrubs R. xanthina mainly took water from 0-80 cm soil layers, but the utilization ratio of 0-40 cm soil water after rainfall was significantly higher than that before rainfall. The rainfall of 3.1 mm had no significant effect on the water use of R. pseudoacacia and A. biflora. After 106.6 mm precipitation, R. pseudoacacia increased the absorption proportion of 0-40 cm soil water, but it had a time lag. A. biflora responded quickly to rainfall, it increased the absorption proportion of 0-40 cm soil water to 49.3%-62.5% after rainfall. We also found that the water niche breadth of upper story trees kept stable during the study period, but that of lower story shrubs changed with rainfall and soil water content; different magnitudes of rainfall were able to change the niche overlap degrees. Conclusion: Except for rainfall of 3.1 mm, the water use strategies and water niche characteristics of the upper story trees (P. tabulaeformis and R. pseudoacacia) and the lower story shrubs (R. xanthina and A. biflora) in the same community were different at different rainfall levels. Our research suggested that the influence of rainfall on the niche width of the lower story shrubs was greater than that of the upper story trees. The water use strategies of P. tabulaeformis was similar to the lower story shrub R. xanthina; R. pseudoacacia and its lower story shrubs A. biflora had different water use strategies. For vegetation restoration, deep-rooted plants can be planted in combination with shallow-rooted plants to reduce water competition.

Key words: water use strategy, water niche characteristics, Pinus tabulaeformis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Loess Plateau, MixSIAR

中图分类号:

S715

杨菲,林毅雁,陈立欣,韩璐,吴应明,喻雅洁. 晋西黄土区油松和刺槐2种人工林内乔灌优势种的土壤水分利用及水分生态位特征[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(6): 1-12.

Fei Yang,Yiyan Lin,Lixin Chen,Lu Han,Yingming Wu,Yajie Yu. Soil Water Use and Niche Characteristics of Dominant Tree Species in Arbor Layer and Shrub Layer in Two Plantations of Pinus tabulaeformis and Robinia pseudoacacia in Loess Region of Western Shanxi Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(6): 1-12.

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林型 Forest types	林龄 Stand age/a	海拔 Altitude/m	坡度 Slope/(°)	坡向 Slope aspect	密度 Density/hm^-2	平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm	平均树高 Mean tree height/m	林下灌木 Understory shrub species
油松人工林 P. tabulaeformis plantation	29	1 140	32	东南Southeast	1 050	13.2±0.76	7.42±0.46	黄刺玫 R. xanthina
刺槐人工林 R. pseudoacacia plantation	24	1 120	20	南South	1 675	9.28±2.2	8.02±1.23	六道木 A. biflora

林型 Stand type	降雨日期 Rain event date	降雨量 precipitation	雨前 Before the rain	雨后第1天 The first day after rain	雨后第2天 The second day after rain	雨后第3天 The third day after rain	雨后第5天 The fifth day after rain
油松人工林 P. tabulaeformis plantation	2020-07-22—25	12.7 mm	2020-07-20	2020-07-26	2020-07-27	2020-07-28
油松人工林 P. tabulaeformis plantation	2020-08-24	33.4 mm	2020-08-22	2020-08-24	2020-08-25	2020-08-26	2020-08-28
刺槐人工林 R. pseudoacacia plantation	2020-08-03—07	106.6 mm	2020-07-31	2020-08-08	2020-08-09	2020-08-10
刺槐人工林 R. pseudoacacia plantation	2020-08-31	3.1 mm	2020-08-29	2020-09-01	2020-09-02

降雨采集日期 Sampling date	大气降雨同位素值Isotopic values of rainfall(‰)
降雨采集日期 Sampling date	δ²H	δ¹⁸O
2020-07-22	-78.93±0.24	-10.31±0.11
2020-07-25	-60.25±1.25	-7.37±0.13
2020-08-07	-92.93±0.58	-13.53±0.06
2020-08-12	-76.90±1.30	-11.17±0.16
2020-08-17	-72.88±0.88	-9.97±0.06
2020-08-18	-117.22±1.26	-15.98±0.11
2020-08-24	-107.48±0.46	-15.33±0.10
2020-08-31	-74.13±0.25	-10.80±0.07

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