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林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 169-178.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211117

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

木质化期水分管理对毛白杨苗木形态、生理和造林效果的影响

乔栋1,刘勇1,*,田书勇2,张锋2,王亚晶1,李晓丽1,冯雪瑾1,张亚男1   

  1. 1. 北京林业大学林学院 省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室 北京 100083
    2. 冠县国有毛白杨林场 聊城 252500
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-29 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2022-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 刘勇
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发专项"白杨工业资源材高效培育技术研究"(2016YFD0600403)

Effects of Water Management during Lignification on Morphology, Physiology and Afforestation Performance of Populus tomentosa Seedlings

Dong Qiao1,Yong Liu1,*,Shuyong Tian2,Feng Zhang2,Yajing Wang1,Xiaoli Li1,Xuejin Feng1,Yanan Zhang1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083
    2. Guanxian State-Owned White Poplar Nursery Liaocheng 252500
  • Received:2020-07-29 Online:2021-11-25 Published:2022-01-12
  • Contact: Yong Liu

摘要:

目的: 探讨木质化期水分管理对毛白杨苗木形态、生理状况及翌年造林效果的影响,为毛白杨育苗精准灌溉提供科学依据。方法: 选取毛白杨当年苗木为试验材料,设置4个土壤水势阈值处理(-20、-40、-60、-80 kPa,即灌溉起始阈值),以生产常规灌溉为对照(灌溉起始阈值< -80 kPa),研究木质化期不同灌溉处理下毛白杨苗木用水量、形态、生理状况的变化及其对造林效果的影响。结果: 1)木质化期灌溉对苗木苗高、地径在木质化期的生长影响显著(P < 0.05),当灌溉起始阈值为-20 kPa或-40 kPa时,苗木木质化期生长最大,苗高增量、地径增量和生物量较对照分别提高约15.51%、6.41%和57.5%,但2个处理间差异不显著。2)各处理间养分含量差异无明显规律;-20和-40 kPa的养分单株质量最大,-60和-80 kPa的养分单株质量其次,分别较对照显著提高约59.4%、48.6%、36.1%和25.3%。3)-20和-40 kPa处理可使苗木落叶时间较对照延缓5~7天,相比对照增加约12.5%的光合产物积累,木质化期灌溉虽然会引起顶梢在冬季部分干梢,但对苗木整体越冬影响不大。4)造林后,灌溉起始阈值为-40 kPa的苗木成活率最高,为93.0%;2年后树高和胸径显著高于对照83.2%和115.1%。结论: 木质化期灌溉处理能促进毛白杨苗木后期形态生长、增加养分贮存并显著提高造林后苗木生长量,虽稍微降低耐寒性,但对整体越冬影响不大。综合苗木木质化期生长和造林效果,在与试验地条件相似的地区培育苗木时,以-40 kPa作为灌溉起始阈值的效果最佳。

关键词: 毛白杨, 木质化期灌溉, 形态指标, 生理状况, 造林效果

Abstract:

Objective: This research aimed to study the effect of late season irrigation on seedling's morphology, physiology and afforestation performance of Populus tomentosa, in order to provide a scientific basis for precision irrigation in hardening period of seedlings. Method: Tissue culture seedlings of P. tomentosa were transplanted in nursery field. Four different soil water potentials (-20 kPa, -40 kPa, -60 kPa, and -80 kPa) were set as the initial irrigation threshold, and the conventional irrigation(the initial irrigation threshold was at less than -80 kPa) served as the control. The seedlings were subjected to the different irrigation treatments at lignification stage to investigate the changes of seedling water consumption, morphology, physiology and afforestation performance. Result: 1) Late season irrigation had a significant effect on the growth of seedling height and root collar diameter(RCD) at hardening phase (p < 0.05). When the initial irrigation threshold were -20 or -40 kPa, the seedling growth was the largest at the lignification stage, and the seedling height increment, RCD increment and biomass were 15.51%, 6.41% and 57.5% higher than those of control, respectively, but the two treatments had no significant difference. 2) The differences in nutrient status had no obvious pattern among different treatments. However, The nutrient mass per plant with -20 and -40 kPa treatments was the largest, followed by that with -60 and -80 kPa treatments, which were significantly increased by 59.4%, 48.6%, 36.1% and 25.3% respectively compared with the control. 3) Treatments of -20 kPa could delay the defoliation time of seedlings for about 5-7 d and increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products by about 12.5% compared with the control. Although late season irrigation could cause partial dry shoots in winter, it had little effect on the overall overwintering of seedlings. 4)After outplanting, seedlings treated with the initial irrigation threshold of -40 kPa had the highest survival rate of 93%, two years later, its tree height and diameter at the breast height (DBH) were significantly higher than the control by 83.2% and 115.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Proper late season irrigation in hardening phase can promote seedling growth, nutrient reserve and significantly improve the seedling growth after outplanting. Although it reduces the cold tolerance slightly, it has little effect on the overall overwintering. By intergrating the seedling growth in the lignification stage and outplanting effect, the initial irrigation threshold of -40 kPa has the best effects when seedling are cultivated in areas with similar conditions to the experimental site.

Key words: Populus tomentosa, late season irrigation, morphology, physiology, afforestation performance

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