林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 169-178.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211117
乔栋1,刘勇1,*,田书勇2,张锋2,王亚晶1,李晓丽1,冯雪瑾1,张亚男1
收稿日期:
2020-07-29
出版日期:
2021-11-25
发布日期:
2022-01-12
通讯作者:
刘勇
基金资助:
Dong Qiao1,Yong Liu1,*,Shuyong Tian2,Feng Zhang2,Yajing Wang1,Xiaoli Li1,Xuejin Feng1,Yanan Zhang1
Received:
2020-07-29
Online:
2021-11-25
Published:
2022-01-12
Contact:
Yong Liu
摘要:
目的: 探讨木质化期水分管理对毛白杨苗木形态、生理状况及翌年造林效果的影响,为毛白杨育苗精准灌溉提供科学依据。方法: 选取毛白杨当年苗木为试验材料,设置4个土壤水势阈值处理(-20、-40、-60、-80 kPa,即灌溉起始阈值),以生产常规灌溉为对照(灌溉起始阈值< -80 kPa),研究木质化期不同灌溉处理下毛白杨苗木用水量、形态、生理状况的变化及其对造林效果的影响。结果: 1)木质化期灌溉对苗木苗高、地径在木质化期的生长影响显著(P < 0.05),当灌溉起始阈值为-20 kPa或-40 kPa时,苗木木质化期生长最大,苗高增量、地径增量和生物量较对照分别提高约15.51%、6.41%和57.5%,但2个处理间差异不显著。2)各处理间养分含量差异无明显规律;-20和-40 kPa的养分单株质量最大,-60和-80 kPa的养分单株质量其次,分别较对照显著提高约59.4%、48.6%、36.1%和25.3%。3)-20和-40 kPa处理可使苗木落叶时间较对照延缓5~7天,相比对照增加约12.5%的光合产物积累,木质化期灌溉虽然会引起顶梢在冬季部分干梢,但对苗木整体越冬影响不大。4)造林后,灌溉起始阈值为-40 kPa的苗木成活率最高,为93.0%;2年后树高和胸径显著高于对照83.2%和115.1%。结论: 木质化期灌溉处理能促进毛白杨苗木后期形态生长、增加养分贮存并显著提高造林后苗木生长量,虽稍微降低耐寒性,但对整体越冬影响不大。综合苗木木质化期生长和造林效果,在与试验地条件相似的地区培育苗木时,以-40 kPa作为灌溉起始阈值的效果最佳。
中图分类号:
乔栋,刘勇,田书勇,张锋,王亚晶,李晓丽,冯雪瑾,张亚男. 木质化期水分管理对毛白杨苗木形态、生理和造林效果的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(11): 169-178.
Dong Qiao,Yong Liu,Shuyong Tian,Feng Zhang,Yajing Wang,Xiaoli Li,Xuejin Feng,Yanan Zhang. Effects of Water Management during Lignification on Morphology, Physiology and Afforestation Performance of Populus tomentosa Seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(11): 169-178.
表2
木质化期灌溉对毛白杨苗木形态特征及生物量的影响"
处理 Treatment | 苗高增量 Growth of height/cm | 地径增量 Growth of diameter/mm | 茎生物量 Shoot biomass/g | 根生物量 Root biomass/g | 单株生物量 Total biomass/g·seedling-1 |
-20 kPa | 51.95±8.09b | 3.17±0.16a | 210.33±32.72a | 96.32±13.28a | 306.65±43.37a |
-40 kPa | 61.89±9.48a | 2.96±0.91ab | 206.27±30.15a | 95.53±19.17a | 301.79±49.14a |
-60 kPa | 47.39±10.71bc | 3.02±0.78a | 186.53±39.83a | 82.77±15.50a | 269.30±53.83a |
-80 kPa | 43.36±8.65c | 2.44±0.79b | 185.33±28.76a | 80.73±13.35a | 266.07±34.87a |
CK | 23.77±12.53d | 2.25±0.91b | 131.53±41.75b | 62.92±16.34b | 194.45±56.64b |
表3
木质化期灌溉对苗木耐寒性的影响"
处理 Treatment | 20 cm顶梢直径 Top collar diameter at 20 cm/mm | 干梢长度 Dry length/ cm | 干梢率 Dry rate (%) | 脯氨酸含量 Proline concentration/ (μg·g-1) | 可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar concentration(%) | 未受冻部分萌芽率 Budding rate(%) |
-20 kPa | 4.18±0.14b | 10.16±0.44a | 90a | 17.99±1.49d | 6.39±0.37c | 100a |
-40 kPa | 4.52±0.24a | 7.80±0.51b | 80ab | 20.64±1.11cd | 6.34±0.21c | 100a |
-60 kPa | 4.76±0.27a | 4.90±0.20c | 70b | 22.12±1.39bc | 6.53±0.27bc | 100a |
-80 kPa | 4.55±0.14a | 4.16±0.19d | 56.67c | 24.41±1.56ab | 6.74±0.15b | 100a |
CK | 4.05±0.12b | 2.12±0.19e | 40d | 26.24±2.33a | 7.25±0.25a | 100a |
表4
木质化期灌溉对毛白杨苗木造林后第1年成活率及生长的影响"
处理 Treatment | 树高 Height/cm | 胸径 DBH/mm | 树高增量 Height increment/cm | 胸径增量 DBH increment/mm | 成活率 Survival rate(%) |
-20 kPa | 284.53±23.64bc | 16.77±3.31b | 12.67±5.59c | 3.44±1.19b | 78±0.00b |
-40 kPa | 323.60±31.69a | 22.86±5.40a | 59.69±12.52a | 8.55±2.87a | 93±3.33a |
-60 kPa | 283.69±14.48bc | 17.75±2.76b | 28.65±7.36b | 3.97±1.49b | 75±3.33b |
-80 kPa | 303.00±36.81ab | 20.16±5.26ab | 34.82±8.25b | 5.02±1.30ab | 65±6.66c |
CK | 264.54±25.34c | 16.22±2.99b | 13.49±5.32c | 3.00±0.85b | 68±3.33c |
表5
木质化期灌溉对毛白杨苗木造林后第2年保存率及生长的影响"
处理 Treatment | 树高 Height/cm | 胸径 DBH/mm | 树高增量 Height increment/cm | 胸径增量 DBH increment/mm | 保存率 Survival rate/% |
-20 kPa | 397.67±62.23b | 30.80±6.84c | 153.13±26.81b | 14.08±6.25c | 78±0.0b |
-40 kPa | 546.00±48.28a | 64.17±10.15a | 232.40±24.57a | 54.58±9.94a | 93±3.3a |
-60 kPa | 441.33±83.21b | 39.73±10.31b | 169.37±32.57b | 21.13±9.44b | 75±3.3b |
-80 kPa | 477.20±76.72b | 37.32±8.54b | 146.19±40.25bc | 17.33±7.81bc | 65±6.6c |
CK | 298.67±57.26c | 25.38±4.06c | 91.60±20.51c | 10.75±3.59c | 68±3.3c |
表6
苗木形态、生理指标与造林试验参数的相关分析①"
指标 Indicator | 成活率 Survival rate | 第1年树高 First year height | 第1年胸径 First year DBH | 第2年树高 Second year height | 第2年胸径 Second year DBH |
可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar concentration | 0.97** | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.24 |
可溶性糖单株质量Soluble sugar content per seedling | 0.91* | 0.41 | 0.77 | 0.65 | 0.61 |
淀粉含量Starch concentration | 0.74 | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.72 | 0.49 |
淀粉单株质量Starch content per seedling | 0.72 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.66 | 0.57 |
可溶性糖/淀粉Soluble sugar/starch | 0.99** | 0.62 | 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.60 |
苗高Seedling height | 0.47 | 0.76 | 0.53 | 0.90* | 0.71 |
地径Root collar diameter | 0.4 | 0.55 | 0.69 | 0.89* | 0.95* |
生物量Biomass | 0.64 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.73 | 0.61 |
干梢长度Dry length | 0.66 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.19 |
N含量N concentration | 0.36 | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.09 | 0.03 |
N单株质量N content per seedling | 0.62 | 0.91* | 0.89* | 0.79 | 0.65 |
P含量P concentration | 0.35 | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.003 | 0.10 |
P单株质量P content per seedling | 0.61 | 0.74 | 0.69 | 0.58 | 0.45 |
K含量K concentration | 0.44 | 0.60 | 0.48 | 0.13 | 0.15 |
K单株质量K content per seedling | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.63 | 0.81 | 0.66 |
脯氨酸含量Proline concentration | 0.65 | 0.19 | 0.16 |
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