降雨和灌溉影响下毛白杨叶片的颗粒物滞纳特征变化及其生理特性响应规律

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200820

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究降雨和灌溉措施对毛白杨叶面颗粒物滞纳量的影响，分析降雨冲刷对叶片的生理性状的影响，为城市森林空气污染缓解能力提升技术的优化，以及树木生理活动与大气颗粒物污染交互作用研究提供参考。方法: 在3年生毛白杨林分中，选取充分滴灌（DIFI）和不灌溉（CK）2个水分处理，每个处理中各选5株样树，每株样树选取2根冠层下部枝条，然后设置一根枝条遮雨、另一枝条不遮雨2种处理。试验期间进行叶片颗粒物滞纳量、叶片生理性状的测定。结果: 1）DIFI处理滞纳的所有类型和径级PM的质量均略高于CK处理（水溶性PM_2.5-10除外），但均未达到显著差异（P>0.05）。2）不遮雨时叶片上各类型和各径级PM（尤其是较大径级颗粒物）的长期累积滞纳量均略低于遮雨叶片，但未达到显著水平（P>0.05）。3）遮雨和不遮雨处理中叶片上的蜡质层质量和蜡质层内PM质量在试验末期均显著降低（P < 0.01），但2个处理间却均无显著差异（P>0.05）。4）试验中、末期，不遮雨叶片的气孔导度均显著低于遮雨叶片（P < 0.05），且试验末期不遮雨叶片的正午叶水势也更低（P=0.032）。经历降雨冲刷后（不遮雨处理），虽然叶片的净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和水分利用效率（WUE）没有显著变化（P>0.05），但P_n和WUE却一直呈降低趋势，而Tr则未一直出现该趋势。结论: 在叶片尺度上，灌溉对毛白杨颗粒物的滞纳能力影响较小，而降雨可一定程度上冲刷掉叶片上较大径级的颗粒物。叶面颗粒物的增多会显著提高毛白杨叶片的气孔导度，从而对其气体交换速率可能产生影响。

关键词: 大气颗粒物, 水溶性颗粒物, 毛白杨, 灌溉, 降雨

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of rainfall and irrigation on the particulate matter on leaves that grow in the lowest part of the canopy of poplar,and analyze whether the rainfall affects the physiological traits of leaves to provide a basis for the research and development of urban forest air pollution mitigation capacity improvement technology and the in-depth understanding of the interaction between tree physiological activities and atmospheric particulate pollution. Methods: Full drip irrigation(DIFI) treatment with the control(CK) were conducted in the experiment,and in each treatment,5 trees were selected as the sample trees. Two branches were selected from the lowest part of the canopy of each tree for two experimental treatments:(i)rainfall exclusion; (ii) no rainfall exclusion. Leaves on the two branches were used to measure. Results: 1) The retention quality of all types and diameter PM in DIFI treatment was slightly higher than that in CK treatment(except for water-soluble PM_2.5-10),but there was no significant difference(P>0.05). 2) The long-term cumulative retention quality of PM of each type and diameter size on the leaves per unit area under no rainfall exclusion treatment was slightly lower than that of the leaves under rainfall exclusion treatment,but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). 3) The quality of the wax layer on the leaves and the PM in the wax layer significantly decrease at the end of the experiment(P < 0.01),but there was no significant difference between the two treatments(P>0.05). 4) At the middle and the final stage of the experiment,the stomatal conductance of the leaves under no rainfall exclusion was significantly lower than that of the leaves under rainfall exclusion(P < 0.05). And at the final stage of the experiment,the midday leaf water potential of the leaves under no rainfall exclusion was significantly lower than that of the leaves under rainfall exclusion(P=0.032).After rainfall(no rainfall exclusion),although the net photosynthetic rate(P_n),transpiration rate(Tr),and water use efficiency(WUE) of the leaves did notchange significantly(P>0.05),P_n and WUE had a decrease trend,while Trdid notalways show the trend. Conclusions: At the leaf level,irrigation has a small effect on the retention of the particulate matter on leaves of Populus tomentosa,and rainfall can wash away larger diameter particulate matter on leaves to a certain extent. The increase of foliar particulate matter can significantly improve the stomatal conductance of P. stomentosa, thus affect its gas exchange rate.

Key words: atmospheric particulate matter, water-soluble particulate matter, Populus tomentosa, irrigation, rainfall

中图分类号:

S718.43

马煦,曹治国,岳晨,金楚晗,刘俊,刘洋,修桂芳,席本野. 降雨和灌溉影响下毛白杨叶片的颗粒物滞纳特征变化及其生理特性响应规律[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(8): 181-190.

Xu Ma,Zhiguo Cao,Chen Yue,Chuhan Jin,Jun Liu,Yang Liu,Guifang Xiu,Benye Xi. Changes of Particulate Matter Retention Characteristics and the Response of Physiological Characteristics of Poplar Leaves Under the Influence of Rainfall and Irrigation[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(8): 181-190.

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项目Item	中期Middle stage		末期Final stage
项目Item	遮雨Rainfall exclusion	不遮雨No rainfall exclusion	遮雨Rainfall exclusion	不遮雨No rainfall exclusion
P_n/(μmol·m^-2s^-1)	3.926±0.383a	3.522±0.232a	4.575±0.346a	4.154±0.405a
Tr/(mmol·m^-2s^-1)	7.146±0.405a	6.625±0.238a	6.802±0.503a	6.959±0.476a
WUE/(μmolCO₂·mmol^-1)	0.557±0.063a	0.549±0.038a	0.717±0.086a	0.623±0.069a

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