毛白杨幼林细根对梯度土壤水分的响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191013

林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (10): 124-137.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191013

毛白杨幼林细根对梯度土壤水分的响应

邹松言¹,李豆豆¹,汪金松²,邸楠³,刘金强¹,王烨⁴,李广德⁵,段劼¹,贾黎明¹,席本野^1,*

1. 北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室北京 100083
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京 100101
3. 内蒙古大学生态与环境学院呼和浩特 010021
4. 北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所北京 100093
5. 国家开放大学农林医学教育部北京 100039

收稿日期:2019-02-20 出版日期:2019-10-25 发布日期:2019-11-26
通讯作者: 席本野
基金资助:
北京林业大学中央高校基本科研业务费用专项资金项目(2018ZY26);国家自然科学基金(31872702);国家自然科学基金(31670625);国家自然科学基金(31400532);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0600403);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD09B02)

Response of Fine Roots to Soil Moisture of Different Gradients in Young Populus tomentosa Plantation

Songyan Zou¹,Doudou Li¹,Jinsong Wang²,Nan Di³,Jinqiang Liu¹,Ye Wang⁴,Guangde Li⁵,Jie Duan¹,Liming Jia¹,Benye Xi^1,*

1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083
2. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101
3. College of Ecology and Environment Science, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021
4. Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Beijing 100093
5. Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Medicine, the Open University of China Beijing 100039

Received:2019-02-20 Online:2019-10-25 Published:2019-11-26
Contact: Benye Xi
Supported by:
北京林业大学中央高校基本科研业务费用专项资金项目(2018ZY26);国家自然科学基金(31872702);国家自然科学基金(31670625);国家自然科学基金(31400532);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0600403);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD09B02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 明确毛白杨细根对土壤水分的短期响应，充分了解其根系对土壤水分的生态适应策略，并为其人工林水分管理策略的优化提供理论依据。方法: 在栽植砂壤土的2年生毛白杨林分中，设置3个灌溉处理：充分灌溉（FI）、控水灌溉（CI）和对照（CK）。灌溉2个月后，在各处理林分中采用根钻法进行取样，得到不同处理、深度和水平距离的细根生长、分布及形态数据。结果: 垂直方向上，各处理间细根生物量密度（FRBD）在任一土层内均无显著差异（P>0.05）；在各处理间浅土层水分差异较大的区域和整个根区内，细根分布深度表现出CK > CI > FI的特点，该规律在水分差异较小的区域未出现；水平方向上，CK处理下的FRBD呈现出明显的随距树距离增大而逐渐减小的趋势，该趋势在FI和CI处理中较弱；除水平距树30 cm处CK处理的FRBD显著大于FI和CI外（P < 0.05），其余距离处各处理间FRBD差异均不显著（P>0.05）；细根分布表现出距树越远垂直分布越浅的特点；灌溉处理下，细根在滴头两侧的浅土层中大量聚集，对照处理下细根则大量聚集在靠近树体的深土层中；0~50 cm的任意土层内，各处理间细根形态指标（直径、比根长、组织密度）均无显著差异（P>0.05）；林木平均生长空间内整个根区的细根总量表现出CK > FI > CI的特点。结论: 当浅土层存在短期水分差异时，随着干旱胁迫加剧，毛白杨细根生物量的垂直分布逐渐加深，同时向靠近树体的方向聚集；毛白杨通过调节细根分布而非浅土层内细根形态以适应水分胁迫；就细根总量而言，毛白杨会采取先小幅降低，后显著升高的调节策略。在旱季对毛白杨幼林进行灌溉时，建议采用较高频率的充分灌溉。

关键词: 毛白杨, 土壤水分, 细根生物量, 细根分布, 细根形态

Abstract:

Objective: Clarifying the short-term response of fine roots to soil water gradient in the P. tomentosa plantation, to have a better understanding of the ecological adaption strategy of its roots to soil moisture and provides theoretical basis for the optimization of its artificial forest moisture management strategy. Method: Three irrigation treatments were set in a two-year-old P. tomentosa stand planted in sandy loam, i.e. full irrigation (FI), controlled irrigation (CI), and control (CK). After 2 months of irrigation, root sampling down to 150 cm depth was conducted in each treatment using the soil core method. Through the measurement of root samples, root growth, distribution and morphology data in each treatment, soil depth and horizontal distance were obtained.Result: Vertically, in each soil layer, there is no significant difference in fine root biomass density (FRBD) among treatments (P>0.05). In the whole root zone and the area with a large difference in moisture in shallow soil layer among treatments, the distribution depth of fine root showed a trend of CK > CI > FI. However, this trend was not obvious in the area with less difference in soil water content. Horizontally, FRBD in the CK decreased gradually with the increase of the distance from trees, but this trend was very weak in FI and CI treatments. There was no significant difference of FRBD among treatments at each horizontal distance (P>0.05), except for the distance of 30 cm from tree, where FRBD of CK was significantly higher than that of FI and CI treatments (P < 0.05). On a two-dimensional scale, fine root distribution tended to be shallower with the increasing distance from tree. Under irrigations, fine roots mainly concentrated in the shallow soil layers at both sides of the dripper, while the majority of fine roots in the CK distributed in the relatively deeper soil layers close to the tree. For each soil layer within 0-50 cm, no significant difference in fine root morphology was found among treatments (P>0.05). Both the variation of the total fine root biomass and length among the treatments followed an order of CK > FI > CI. Objective: In conclusion, when a short-term moisture difference occurred in the shallow soil layers, 1) the fine roots of P. tomentosa distributed deeper and tended to concentrate closer to the tree with the aggravation of drought stress, 2) P. tomentosa preferentially adjusted the fine root distribution rather than the fine root morphology in the shallow soil layer to adapt to soil water stress, 3) as to the total amount of fine roots, P. tomentosa adopted a regulation strategy of slight decrease at first and subsequently distinct increase. High frequency irrigation should be applied to two-year-old P. tomentosa stand in dry season.

Key words: Populus tomentosa, soil moisture, fine root biomass, fine root distribution, fine root morphology

中图分类号:

S718.3

邹松言,李豆豆,汪金松,邸楠,刘金强,王烨,李广德,段劼,贾黎明,席本野. 毛白杨幼林细根对梯度土壤水分的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(10): 124-137.

Songyan Zou,Doudou Li,Jinsong Wang,Nan Di,Jinqiang Liu,Ye Wang,Guangde Li,Jie Duan,Liming Jia,Benye Xi. Response of Fine Roots to Soil Moisture of Different Gradients in Young Populus tomentosa Plantation[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(10): 124-137.

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项目 Item	Ⅰ区ZoneⅠ			Ⅱ区Zone Ⅱ			根区Root zone
项目 Item	FI	CI	CK	FI	CI	CK	FI	CI	CK
D₅₀	25±2.8a	26±4.2a	38±4.4a	18±0.8a	25±6.6a	10±4.9a	22±2.2a	24±3.8a	31±4.9a
D₉₀	72±3.4a	79±4.3a	91±14.5a	63±5.2a	72±5.6a	61±5.4a	69±4.1a	76±1.6a	91±14.2a

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毛白杨幼林细根对梯度土壤水分的响应

Response of Fine Roots to Soil Moisture of Different Gradients in Young Populus tomentosa Plantation

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