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林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 179-189.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211118

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷钾肥配施对黄栌生长和叶片呈色的影响

吴焦焦1,田秋玲2,谭星1,乐佳兴3,张文1,高岚1,李林珂1,王一诺1,刘芸1,*   

  1. 1. 西南大学资源环境学院 重庆 400716
    2. 重庆市铜梁区双碾林场 重庆 402560
    3. 重庆市涪陵区永胜林场 重庆 408000
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-28 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2022-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 刘芸
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市林业局科技兴林项目"彩叶植物资源调查评价及繁殖技术研究"(2020-3);重庆市中央林业改革资金科技推广示范项目"彩叶植物无患子和红枫平衡根系轻基质容器育苗技术推广示范"(渝林科推[2021年]1号)

Effects of Combined Application of N, P and K Fertilizer on Growth and Leaf Color of Cotinus coggygria

Jiaojiao Wu1,Qiuling Tian2,Xing Tan1,Jiaxing Yue3,Wen Zhang1,Lan Gao1,Linke Li1,Yinuo Wang1,Yun Liu1,*   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University Chongqing 400716
    2. Shuangnian Forest Farm, Tongliang District Chongqing 402560
    3. Fuling District Yongsheng County Forest Farm Chongqing 408000
  • Received:2020-06-28 Online:2021-11-25 Published:2022-01-12
  • Contact: Yun Liu

摘要:

目的: 探讨氮、磷、钾肥配施对黄栌叶片生长和呈色的影响,为解决黄栌长势差和秋冬季叶片颜色暗淡提供参考。方法: 以4年生黄栌盆栽苗为试验材料,采用尿素(N为每株0、7.5、15 g)、过磷酸钙(P为每株0、12.5、25 g)和硫酸钾(K为每株5、10、15 g)三因素三水平正交设计试验,测定不同配施条件下的黄栌生长指标、叶色参数、叶片色素含量、可溶性蛋白含量(SP)、可溶性糖含量(SS)及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性(PAL),并分析氮磷钾与黄栌生长、叶片呈色的关系。结果: 1)合理配施能促进黄栌生长,处理方案T3(N1P3K3)和T9(N3P3K2)的株高增长量显著高于对照(P < 0.05),除T5(N2P3K3)和T7(N3P1K3)外,其他处理的地径增长量显著高于对照(P < 0.05);除T1(N1P1K1)、T4(N2P1K2)和T8(N3P2K1)外,其他处理的叶面积增长量显著高于对照(P < 0.05)。2)合理配施也能提升黄栌叶片的色素含量,T6(N2P3K1)、T7、T8和T9处理能在生长旺盛期和变色中期显著提高叶绿素总含量;T5、T7、T8和T9处理能在生长旺盛期显著提高类胡萝卜素含量;T3、T4、T5和T6处理能在变色末期显著提高花青苷含量。冗余分析结果表明:氮和钾是影响株高、叶面积、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素的主要营养因素,磷是影响地径和花青苷的主要营养因素;花青苷是黄栌叶片呈现红色的关键因子,且与苯丙氨酸解氨酶正相关,与可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖负相关。结论: 植物生长和叶片呈色对不同比例的氮磷钾配施会产生不同响应。本研究,T3(N、P和K单株施用量分别为0、25和15 g)和T9(N、P和K单株施用量分别为15、25和10 g)处理有利于植株生长和叶片呈色。但从长远来看,缺氮最终会影响到黄栌的生长,进而影响叶片呈色质量。因此,T9处理能保持黄栌正常生长发育和叶片呈色质量,提升观赏价值。

关键词: 黄栌, 氮磷钾, 生长, 色素含量, 生理响应

Abstract:

Objective: This paper aimed to explore the effect of combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the growth and leaf color of Cotinus coggygria, and to solve the problems of poor growth and dim leaves of C. coggygria in autumn and winter. Method: In this study, 4-year-old potted seedlings of C. coggygria were used as experimental materials. Three factor and three-level orthogonal design experiments were carried out with urea (N 0, 7.5, 15 g·plant-1), calsium superphosphate (P 0, 12.5, 25 g·plant-1) and potassium sulfate (K 5, 10, 15 g·plant-1). Plant height (H), ground diameter (D) and leaf area (LA), leaf color parameters, leaf pigments including chlorophyll (Chls), carotenoids (Car), and anthocyanins (Ant), soluble protein content (SP), soluble sugar content (SS), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)activity were measured under the different N, P and K combination conditions, and the relationships between N, P and K and plant growth or leaf color were determined. Result: 1) The reasonable combined application of N, P and K was able to promote the growth of C. coggygria. The increment of plant height in treatment T3(N1P3K3) and T9(N3P3K2) was significantly higher than that of the control (p < 0.05). Except for T5(N2P3K3) and T7(N3P1K3), the growth of ground diameter of other treatments was significantly higher than the control(p < 0.05). Except for T1(N1P1K1), T4(N2P1K2), and T8(N3P2K1), the increment of leaf area in other treatments was significantly higher than that of the control (p < 0.05). 2) Reasonable combined application could also increase the pigment content of C. coggygria leaves. T6(N2P3K1), T7, T8 and T9 treatments could significantly increase the total chlorophyll content in the vigorous growth stage and the mid-discoloration stage. T5, T7, T8 and T9 significantly increased carotenoids content in the vigorous growth stage. T3, T4, T5, and T6 significantly increased anthocyanins content at the terminal discoloration stage. 3) The results of the redundancy analysis showed that N and K were the main nutritional factors affecting height, leaf area, chlorophyll and carotenoids, while P was the main nutritional factor affecting ground diameter and anthocyanins. Anthocyanins was a key factor for red color of C. coggygria leaves, which was positively correlated with phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and negatively correlated with soluble protein and soluble sugar. Conclusion: The response of plant growth and leaf color to different ratio of N, P and K application is different. Within the scope of this experiment, T3 (N, P and K applying amounts of 0, 25, 15 g·plant-1, respectively) and T9(N, P and K applying amounts of 15, 25, 10 g·plant-1, respectively) promote both growth and leaf color. But in the long run, N deficiency would affect the growth of C. coggygria and affect the color quality of leaf, finally. Therefore, T9 treatment can maintain growth and color quality of leaf, and enhance the ornamental value.

Key words: Cotinus coggygria, N, P and K, growth, pigment content, physiological response

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