林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 179-189.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211118
吴焦焦1,田秋玲2,谭星1,乐佳兴3,张文1,高岚1,李林珂1,王一诺1,刘芸1,*
收稿日期:
2020-06-28
出版日期:
2021-11-25
发布日期:
2022-01-12
通讯作者:
刘芸
基金资助:
Jiaojiao Wu1,Qiuling Tian2,Xing Tan1,Jiaxing Yue3,Wen Zhang1,Lan Gao1,Linke Li1,Yinuo Wang1,Yun Liu1,*
Received:
2020-06-28
Online:
2021-11-25
Published:
2022-01-12
Contact:
Yun Liu
摘要:
目的: 探讨氮、磷、钾肥配施对黄栌叶片生长和呈色的影响,为解决黄栌长势差和秋冬季叶片颜色暗淡提供参考。方法: 以4年生黄栌盆栽苗为试验材料,采用尿素(N为每株0、7.5、15 g)、过磷酸钙(P为每株0、12.5、25 g)和硫酸钾(K为每株5、10、15 g)三因素三水平正交设计试验,测定不同配施条件下的黄栌生长指标、叶色参数、叶片色素含量、可溶性蛋白含量(SP)、可溶性糖含量(SS)及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性(PAL),并分析氮磷钾与黄栌生长、叶片呈色的关系。结果: 1)合理配施能促进黄栌生长,处理方案T3(N1P3K3)和T9(N3P3K2)的株高增长量显著高于对照(P < 0.05),除T5(N2P3K3)和T7(N3P1K3)外,其他处理的地径增长量显著高于对照(P < 0.05);除T1(N1P1K1)、T4(N2P1K2)和T8(N3P2K1)外,其他处理的叶面积增长量显著高于对照(P < 0.05)。2)合理配施也能提升黄栌叶片的色素含量,T6(N2P3K1)、T7、T8和T9处理能在生长旺盛期和变色中期显著提高叶绿素总含量;T5、T7、T8和T9处理能在生长旺盛期显著提高类胡萝卜素含量;T3、T4、T5和T6处理能在变色末期显著提高花青苷含量。冗余分析结果表明:氮和钾是影响株高、叶面积、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素的主要营养因素,磷是影响地径和花青苷的主要营养因素;花青苷是黄栌叶片呈现红色的关键因子,且与苯丙氨酸解氨酶正相关,与可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖负相关。结论: 植物生长和叶片呈色对不同比例的氮磷钾配施会产生不同响应。本研究,T3(N、P和K单株施用量分别为0、25和15 g)和T9(N、P和K单株施用量分别为15、25和10 g)处理有利于植株生长和叶片呈色。但从长远来看,缺氮最终会影响到黄栌的生长,进而影响叶片呈色质量。因此,T9处理能保持黄栌正常生长发育和叶片呈色质量,提升观赏价值。
中图分类号:
吴焦焦,田秋玲,谭星,乐佳兴,张文,高岚,李林珂,王一诺,刘芸. 氮磷钾肥配施对黄栌生长和叶片呈色的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(11): 179-189.
Jiaojiao Wu,Qiuling Tian,Xing Tan,Jiaxing Yue,Wen Zhang,Lan Gao,Linke Li,Yinuo Wang,Yun Liu. Effects of Combined Application of N, P and K Fertilizer on Growth and Leaf Color of Cotinus coggygria[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(11): 179-189.
表2
不同氮磷钾配施处理对黄栌叶色参数的影响①"
处理 Treatment | 生长初期 Initial growth stage | 生长旺盛期 Vigorous growth stage | 变色初期 Initial discoloration stage | 变色中期 Mid-discoloration stage | 变色末期 Terminal discoloration stage | |
L* | T1 | 34.04±0.36a | 23.33±0.59a | 21.38±1.97a | 28.54±2.67a | 37.63±4.45a |
T2 | 32.42±2.05ab | 21.71±3.69ab | 22.96±2.20a | 26.83±3.48a | 39.50±5.94a | |
T3 | 30.17±2.15ab | 22.46±1.53ab | 22.92±3.17a | 27.79±1.90a | 39.63±1.77a | |
T4 | 29.50±0.57ab | 17.96±4.19c | 22.21±1.49a | 27.08±4.48a | 36.67±3.87a | |
T5 | 32.75±2.37ab | 18.83±1.57ab | 21.42±1.43a | 25.67±1.26a | 24.25±0.54b | |
T6 | 28.58±2.25b | 16.75±2.51d | 19.08±1.38a | 24.63±2.04a | 39.38±4.59a | |
T7 | 34.00±3.45a | 17.13±0.37cd | 22.63±1.96a | 24.96±2.60a | 37.23±2.32a | |
T8 | 29.29±2.67ab | 17.83±2.03c | 21.71±3.00a | 26.50±2.86a | 40.67±1.25a | |
T9 | 29.08±1.21ab | 16.00±1.24d | 22.29±1.12a | 26.25±2.11a | 39.67±2.32a | |
T10 | 32.46±1.92ab | 22.71±1.57ab | 20.46±1.23a | 24.46±3.32a | 29.04±2.22b | |
a* | T1 | -18.75±0.41c | -14.63±0.98bc | -7.00±1.57a | 8.13±9.05a | 47.08±1.20ab |
T2 | -17.25±0.47b | -13.17±2.00ab | -7.08±4.84a | 1.21±9.97a | 42.00±3.53ab | |
T3 | -17.17±1.41ab | -14.88±1.24c | -10.33±2.47a | -5.83±3.97a | 47.75±1.14ab | |
T4 | -15.17±0.97ab | -10.75±3.85a | -5.83±2.80a | -4.42±1.73a | 42.78±3.87ab | |
T5 | -17.33±1.12b | -13.08±1.02ab | -9.17±1.46a | 0.29±7.56a | 22.13±2.22c | |
T6 | -14.17±0.99a | -10.71±0.62a | -7.92±0.86a | -3.71±8.56a | 47.71±2.57ab | |
T7 | -17.75±1.69bc | -11.00±1.16ab | -6.96±0.95a | -7.13±1.74a | 44.98±2.87ab | |
T8 | -14.67±2.55a | -11.46±1.12ab | -9.33±1.39a | -6.63±2.40a | 50.42±1.01a | |
T9 | -14.38±0.27a | -10.38±0.47a | -8.33±3.83a | 4.79±17.74a | 50.79±6.17a | |
T10 | -17.38±0.98bc | -13.33±0.87ab | -9.88±0.27a | 5.79±10.31a | 26.96±5.12c | |
b* | T1 | 30.54±0.47a | 25.33±0.77a | 13.46±1.57ab | 24.46±4.85a | 42.29±6.50a |
T2 | 28.13±1.57bc | 22.58±4.43b | 15.46±2.55ab | 20.92±6.11a | 42.54±7.47a | |
T3 | 26.71±3.16ab | 25.00±1.34a | 17.63±0.67a | 22.46±1.12a | 42.46±1.53a | |
T4 | 23.21±1.55b | 16.71±4.70bc | 10.88±2.60c | 22.67±5.42a | 31.42±2.87a | |
T5 | 29.25±3.67ab | 21.38±2.93b | 14.04±2.45ab | 19.83±3.44a | 29.75±2.07b | |
T6 | 22.42±2.11bc | 17.04±2.06bc | 11.50±1.43b | 21.08±0.26a | 41.00±8.49a | |
T7 | 30.50±5.05a | 17.33±1.73bc | 11.67±0.72b | 21.08±4.72a | 36.76±3.86a | |
T8 | 24.04±3.87ab | 18.38±3.11bc | 11.83±2.57b | 20.79±3.49a | 45.42±1.08a | |
T9 | 21.88±1.54c | 16.00±1.42c | 13.63±2.08ab | 23.29±1.27a | 44.13±2.99a | |
T10 | 28.46±0.12b | 23.17±2.80b | 12.50±0.57b | 16.33±1.98c | 28.17±4.82b |
表3
不同氮磷钾配施处理对黄栌叶片彩度C*值和色相角h的影响"
处理 Treatment | 生长初期 Initial growth stage | 生长旺盛期 Vigorous growth stage | 变色初期 Initial discoloration stage | 变色中期 Mid-discoloration stage | 变色末期 Terminal discoloration stage | |
C* | T1 | 35.84±0.42a | 29.26±0.82a | 15.32±0.42ab | 27.32±3.40ab | 66.11±6.27a |
T2 | 33.01±0.94abc | 26.15±3.41abc | 17.60±2.14ab | 23.34±3.93ab | 59.95±4.91a | |
T3 | 31.75±2.42abc | 29.10±1.23a | 20.52±1.21a | 23.51±1.19ab | 65.93±0.71a | |
T4 | 27.73±1.24bcd | 19.89±4.25bc | 12.41±2.54b | 23.11±3.98ab | 61.71±2.94a | |
T5 | 34.02±2.62ab | 25.09±2.05abc | 16.80±1.87ab | 21.29±2.16ab | 29.66±2.13b | |
T6 | 26.52±1.63cd | 20.14±1.42bc | 13.96±1.17b | 23.05±0.53ab | 63.11±5.16a | |
T7 | 35.31±3.68a | 20.53±1.47bc | 13.63±0.28b | 17.85±1.70b | 59.85±0.43a | |
T8 | 28.16±3.27bcd | 21.67±2.28bc | 15.08±2.02ab | 21.92±2.62ab | 65.91±0.87a | |
T9 | 26.19±0.90d | 19.09±0.83c | 16.17±2.50ab | 28.94±4.69a | 64.60±0.80a | |
T10 | 33.35±0.44abc | 26.74±2.00ab | 15.93±0.42ab | 23.97±4.02ab | 38.92±2.48b | |
h | T1 | -1.02±0.00 | -1.05±0.01 | -1.09±0.10 | 0.20±0.87 | 0.69±0.01 |
T2 | -1.02±0.02 | -1.04±0.02 | -1.17±0.20 | 0.49±0.71 | 0.79±0.05 | |
T3 | -1.00±0.01 | -1.03±0.01 | -1.05±0.07 | -1.32±0.11 | 0.70±0.02 | |
T4 | -0.99±0.01 | -1.01±0.04 | -1.10±0.07 | -1.38±0.02 | 0.71±0.04 | |
T5 | -1.03±0.02 | -1.02±0.03 | -0.99±0.04 | -0.50±0.80 | 0.73±0.01 | |
T6 | -1.01±0.01 | -1.01±0.03 | -0.97±0.01 | -0.36±0.79 | 0.70±0.06 | |
T7 | -1.04±0.02 | -1.01±0.01 | -1.03±0.06 | -1.16±0.04 | 0.72±0.01 | |
T8 | -1.02±0.01 | -1.01±0.03 | -0.90±0.03 | -1.26±0.07 | 0.76±0.01 | |
T9 | -0.99±0.03 | -0.99±0.04 | -1.05±0.12 | -0.60±0.64 | 0.75±0.03 | |
T10 | -1.02±0.02 | -1.05±0.02 | -0.90±0.01 | 0.33±0.73 | 0.81±0.07 |
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