樟子松人工林土壤特性、根际效应及其影响因素

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260063

林业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (8): 55-70.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260063

樟子松人工林土壤特性、根际效应及其影响因素

李启研¹,赵珮杉¹,高广磊^1,^2,^3,^4,^5,*(),丁国栋^1,^2,^3,^4,⁵,张英^1,^4,⁵

1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院　北京 100083
2. 林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室　北京 100083
3. 宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站　盐池 751500
4. 北京林业大学林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心　北京 100083
5. 北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室　北京 100083

收稿日期:2026-01-27 修回日期:2026-07-13 出版日期:2026-08-10 发布日期:2026-08-20
通讯作者: 高广磊 E-mail:gaoguanglei@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
京津冀环境综合治理国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1205105)；国家自然科学基金项目(32371962)；新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划“科技创新团队”项目(2024TSYCTD0009)

Soil Characteristics, Rhizosphere Effects and Their Influencing Factors in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Plantations

Qiyan Li¹,Peishan Zhao¹,Guanglei Gao^1,^2,^3,^4,^5,*(),Guodong Ding^1,^2,^3,^4,⁵,Ying Zhang^1,^4,⁵

1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University　Beijing 100083
2. State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources　Beijing 100083
3. Yanchi Ecology Research Station of the Mu Us Desert　Yanchi 751500
4. Engineering Research Centre of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University　Beijing 100083
5. Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University　Beijing 100083

Received:2026-01-27 Revised:2026-07-13 Online:2026-08-10 Published:2026-08-20
Contact: Guanglei Gao E-mail:gaoguanglei@bjfu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探讨不同引种地不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤特性及其根际效应的时空差异，为干旱?半干旱地区生态修复及樟子松人工林可持续经营管理提供科学参考。方法: 以呼伦贝尔沙地、科尔沁沙地、毛乌素沙地不同林龄（27~28、37~40、48~49 年）樟子松人工林为研究对象，对比分析非根际和根际土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其相关酶活性，阐明土壤养分特性及其根际效应的时空差异，并探究环境因素的影响。结果: 1）樟子松人工林土壤养分含量和酶活性存在显著的时空异质性，且在非根际土和根际土中分布规律相似。呼伦贝尔沙地土壤有机碳、全氮和碱解氮含量最高，科尔沁沙地有效磷含量和酸性磷酸酶活性最高，毛乌素沙地全磷含量最高。随林龄增加，不同引种地樟子松人工林有机碳和全氮含量存在积累现象，非根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性呈升高趋势。2）不同土壤养分特性根际效应表现各异。各引种地人工林中土壤有机碳和全氮含量表现为正根际效应，表明植物根系存在养分积累。土壤碳和磷循环相关酶活性多表现为显著负根际效应，而氮转化相关酶活性表现为显著正根际效应，表明樟子松人工林受氮限制更强烈。3）地理位置和气候条件是塑造非根际和根际土壤特性时空差异的主导因素，其对土壤特性变异的解释率高于对根际效应影响的解释率。土壤特性及其根际效应变异受地理和气候因子的共同作用。结论: 不同引种地樟子松人工林土壤特性表现出明显的时空差异，土壤特性和根际效应分布特征受地理位置、气候条件和植物生长的共同影响，其中林龄的影响较弱。

关键词: 樟子松, 根际效应, 土壤养分, 土壤酶活性, 林龄

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal variations in soil nutrient properties and rhizosphere effects in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations with different forest ages in different introduction sites, in order to provide a scientific basis for their sustainable management. Method: This study was conducted in P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations with different stand ages (27–28, 37–40, and 48–49 a) in Hulunbuir sandy land (HB), Horqin sandy land (HQ), and Mu Us sandy land (MU). The concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus along with their associated enzyme activities in both bulk and rhizosphere soils were comparatively analyzed to characterize the spatiotemporal variations in nutrient properties and rhizosphere effects, and to explore the primary environmental drivers. Result: 1) The soil nutrients and enzyme activities exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, with similar distribution patterns observed between bulk and rhizosphere soils. HB exhibited the highest soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available nitrogen, while HQ had the highest available phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity, and MU recorded the highest total phosphorus. The soil organic carbon and total nitrogen accumulated with stand age across all regions, and the acid phosphatase activity in bulk soil consistently increased with stand age. 2) Rhizosphere effects varied among different soil properties. In the plantations of various introduction sites, the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen consistently showed positive rhizosphere effects, indicating nutrient accumulation around roots. The activity of enzymes associated with carbon and phosphorus cycling mostly exhibited significantly negative rhizosphere effects, while the activity of nitrogen-transforming enzymes showed significantly positive rhizosphere effects, suggesting that P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations may experience stronger nitrogen limitation. 3) Geographical location and climatic conditions were the dominant factors shaping the spatiotemporal differences in soil characteristics between bulk and rhizosphere soils. The factors explained more variance in soil characteristics than the rhizosphere effects. Variations in soil properties and their rhizosphere effects were primarily driven by the combined influence of geographical and climatic factors. Conclusion: The soil properties in P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations introduced from different regions exhibit significant spatiotemporal variations. The spatiotemporal patterns of soil characteristics and rhizosphere effects are jointly influenced by geographical location, climate, and plant growth, while stand age has a relatively weaker effect.

Key words: Pinus syivestris var. mongolica, rhizosphere effects, soil nutrients, soil enzyme activity, stand age

中图分类号:

S791.253

李启研,赵珮杉,高广磊,丁国栋,张英. 樟子松人工林土壤特性、根际效应及其影响因素[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(8): 55-70.

Qiyan Li,Peishan Zhao,Guanglei Gao,Guodong Ding,Ying Zhang. Soil Characteristics, Rhizosphere Effects and Their Influencing Factors in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Plantations[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(8): 55-70.

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样地 Plots		林龄 Stand age/a	平均树高 Mean tree height/m	平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm
HB	HB_28a	28	5.82±1.13	12.86±2.27
	HB_39a	39	9.01±2.16	20.94±3.02
	HB_48a	48	13.57±1.61	26.37±2.86

HQ	HQ_28a	28	5.84±1.06	12.27±2.21
	HQ_40a	40	10.05±1.28	18.35±2.76
	HQ_49a	49	12.65±2.73	24.69±3.42

MU	MU_27a	27	7.64±1.26	13.59±2.68
	MU_37a	37	12.35±1.37	21.89±1.19
	MU_48a	48	15.37±1.59	25.64±3.05

样地 Plots		pH	土壤含水率Soil water content (%)	气温 Temperature/ ℃	降水量 Precipitation/ mm	干燥度 Aridity index
HB	HB_28a	6.36±0.11	7.32±0.71	?0.42	356.91	2.24
	HB_39a	7.01±0.10	8.06±0.52	?0.52	354.57	2.24
	HB_48a	6.11±0.08	9.44±0.65	?0.53	352.98	2.25

HQ	HQ_27a	6.37±0.11	6.44±0.47	8.15	542.63	1.90
	HQ_40a	6.70±0.45	9.65±0.60	8.07	530.97	1.93
	HQ_49a	5.88±0.22	8.59±0.56	8.14	546.44	1.90

MU	MU_27a	7.62±0.14	5.05±0.42	9.55	432.71	2.60
	MU_37a	7.89±0.13	9.67±0.57	9.53	435.41	2.59
	MU_48a	8.10±0.29	9.14±0.69	9.53	435.41	2.59

分组Group	项目Item	因子Factor	自由度 Degrees of freedom	平方和 Sum of squares	F	P
非根际土 Bulk soil	有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content	引种地 Introduction site	2	1 136.34	492.07	<0.001
		林龄（引种地）Stand age (introduction site)	6	515.57	74.42	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	145.49
	蔗糖酶活性 Invertase activity	引种地 Introduction site	2	2 340.08	56 447.00	<0.001
		林龄（引种地）Stand age (introduction site)	6	44.08	354.50	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	2.60
	纤维素酶活性 Cellulase activity	引种地 Introduction site	2	1 522.77	18127.00	<0.001
		林龄（引种地）Stand age (introduction site)	6	287.87	1142.00	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	5.30

根际土 Rhizosphere soil	有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content	引种地 Introduction site	2	508.25	158.58	<0.001
		林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	483.54	50.29	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	201.91
	蔗糖酶活性 Invertase activity	引种地 Introduction site	2	2 327.73	44 657.80	<0.001
		林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	29.89	191.20	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	3.30
	纤维素酶活性 Cellulase activity	引种地 Introduction site	2	2 589.20	29 753.40	<0.001
		林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	118.60	454.10	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	5.50

分组Group	项目Item	因子 Factor	自由度 Degrees of freedom	平方和 Sum of squares	F	P
非根际土 Bulk soil	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content	引种地 Introduction site	2	6.57	368.23	<0.001
		林龄（引种地）Stand age (introduction site)	6	0.33	6.23	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	1.13
	碱解氮含量 Available nitrogen content	引种地 Introduction site	2	732.68	58.91	<0.001
		林龄（引种地）Stand age (introduction site)	6	4 001.76	107.24	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	784.00
	脲酶活性 Urease activity	引种地 Introduction site	2	3 290.24	170.20	<0.001
		林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	10 338.00	178.20	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	1 22

根际土 Rhizosphere soil	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content	引种地 Introduction site	2	4.55	427.70	<0.001
		林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	0.72	22.68	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	0.67
	碱解氮含量 Available nitrogen content	引种地 Introduction site	2	30 134.17	1 874.18	<0.001
		林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	4 367.80	90.57	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	1 012.95
	脲酶活性 Urease activity	引种地 Introduction site	2	7 562.95	1067.00	<0.001
		林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	12 900.85	606.70	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	447.00

分组Group	项目Item	因子 Factor	自由度 Degrees of freedom	平方和 Sum of squares	F	P
非根际土 Bulk soil	全磷含量 Total phosphorus content	引种地 Introduction site	2	1.96	1 563.40	<0.001
		林龄（引种地）Stand age (introduction site)	6	0.06	15.20	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	0.08
	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content	引种地 Introduction site	2	424.02	1 359.64	<0.001
		林龄（引种地）Stand age (introduction site)	6	47.48	50.75	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	19.64
	酸性磷酸酶活性 Acid phosphatase activity	引种地 Introduction site	2	440.25	36 517.90	<0.001
		林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	22.40	619.70	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	0.8

根际土 Rhizosphere soil	全磷含量 Total phosphorus content	引种地 Introduction site	2	2.08	1 356.99	<0.001
		林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	0.017	3.58	0.003
		残差Residuals	126	0.10
	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content	引种地 Introduction site	2	448.45	568.82	<0.001
		林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	31.91	13.49	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	49.67
	酸性磷酸酶活性 Acid phosphatase activity	引种地 Introduction site	2	537.79	33 983.10	<0.001
		林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	16.10	338.70	<0.001
		残差Residuals	126	1.00

樟子松人工林土壤特性、根际效应及其影响因素

Soil Characteristics, Rhizosphere Effects and Their Influencing Factors in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Plantations

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项目Item	因子 Factor	自由度 Degrees of freedom	平方和 Sum of squares	F	P
有机碳根际效应 Rhizosphere effect of soil organic carbon	引种地 Introduction site	2	36.96	145.50	<0.001
	林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	24.16	31.71	<0.001
	残差Residuals	126	16.00

蔗糖酶根际效应 Rhizosphere effect of invertase	引种地 Introduction site	2	0.19	385.66	<0.001
	林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	0.12	81.87	<0.001
	残差Residuals	126	0.03

纤维素酶根际效应 Rhizosphere effect of cellulase	引种地 Introduction site	2	0.60	2057.00	<0.001
	林龄（引种地） Stand age (introduction site)	6	0.55	636.90	<0.001
	残差Residuals	126	0.018 3

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