模拟氮沉降对中亚热带桉树人工林土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240239

林业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 46-60.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240239

模拟氮沉降对中亚热带桉树人工林土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性的影响

孙英杰¹,张德楠¹,沈育伊²,徐广平^1,*(),曹杨³,黄科朝¹,陈运霜⁴,毛馨月⁵,滕秋梅¹,吕仕洪¹,褚俊智⁶

1. 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室　广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所　桂林 541006
2. 广西植物功能物质与资源持续利用重点实验室　广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所　桂林 541006
3. 新野县第一高级中学　南阳 473500
4. 玉林市玉东新区第一初级中学　玉林 537000
5. 广西师范大学生命科学学院　桂林 541006
6. 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院　桂林 541006

收稿日期:2024-04-28 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-05-24
通讯作者: 徐广平 E-mail:xugpgx@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（42267007，31760162）；广西自然科学基金项目（2018GXNSFAA050069）；广西科学院基本科研业务费项目（CQZ?E?1912）；广西漓江流域景观资源保育与可持续利用重点实验室研究基金项目（LRCSU21K0203）；广西植物研究所基本业务费项目（桂植业23006，25007）；广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室基金项目（22?035?26）

Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Enzyme Activities in Eucalyptus Plantations in Mid-subtropical Region

Yingjie Sun¹,Denan Zhang¹,Yuyi Shen²,Guangping Xu^1,*(),Yang Cao³,Kechao Huang¹,Yunshuang Chen⁴,Xinyue Mao⁵,Qiumei Teng¹,Shihong Lü¹,Junzhi Chu⁶

1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain　Guangxi Institute of Botany，Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences　Guilin 541006
2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization　Guangxi Institute of Botany，Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences　Guilin 541006
3. The First Senior High School of Xinye County　 Nanyang 473500
4. The First Junior High School of Yudong New District in Yulin City　Yulin 537000
5. College of Life Sciences，Guangxi Normal University　Guilin 541006
6. College of Environmental Science and Engineering，Guilin University of Technology　Guilin 541006

Received:2024-04-28 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-05-24
Contact: Guangping Xu E-mail:xugpgx@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究中亚热带桉树人工林土壤微生物和酶活性对氮沉降增加的响应特征，为深入研究全球变化背景下氮沉降对桉树森林生态系统的影响提供科学依据。方法: 于2018年建立桉树人工林模拟氮沉降定位试验，设置对照CK（0 kg·hm^?2a^?1）、低氮LN（50 kg·hm^?2a^?1）、中氮MN（100 kg·hm^?2a^?1）和高氮HN（150 kg·hm^?2a^?1）4个处理，模拟氮沉降5年后，分析土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构、微生物多样性及土壤酶活性。结果: 1）与对照相比，氮沉降显著增加了土壤阳离子交换量、黏粒、有机碳、全氮、硝态氮、溶解有机氮和微生物生物量氮的含量。随着氮沉降水平的增加，全磷、微生物生物量磷、铵态氮和砂粒含量表现为先增大后减小的趋势。粉粒含量呈现先减小后略增加的趋势，小于对照。2）氮沉降提高了土壤微生物总磷脂脂肪酸含量。低氮和中氮沉降提高了土壤细菌、真菌、革兰氏阳性菌含量、放线菌、丛枝菌根真菌和革兰氏阴性菌量，促进了土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性，但在高氮沉降下则趋于减小。3）相关性和冗余分析结果表明，土壤阳离子交换量、微生物生物量氮、粉粒、全氮、溶解有机氮和全磷含量是影响微生物群落结构和酶活性变化的关键环境因子。结论: 5年短期模拟氮沉降改善了桉树人工林土壤理化性质，改变了土壤微生物群落结构和提高了土壤酶活性，其中低氮和中氮沉降对土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构和酶活性表现出促进作用，高氮沉降则表现出一定的抑制作用。

关键词: 氮沉降, 微生物群落结构, 磷脂脂肪酸, 酶活性, 桉树人工林

Abstract:

Objective: The central subtropical region is facing a challenge of increasing nitrogen deposition. Soil microorganisms are the link for maintaining terrestrial ecosystems and sensitive to global change. This study aims to explore the response of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities to the increased nitrogen deposition in Eucalyptus plantations in mid-subtropical region, so as to provide scientific basis for further research on the impact of nitrogen deposition on Eucalyptus plantation ecosystems under the background of global change. Method: A simulated nitrogen deposition experiment was established in Eucalyptus plantations in 2018, and four treatments were set up: CK (0 kg·hm^?2a^?1), low nitrogen (LN, 50 kg·hm^?2a^?1), medium nitrogen (MN, 100 kg·hm^?2a^?1) and high nitrogen (HN, 150 kg·hm^?2a^?1). After five years of simulated nitrogen deposition treatment, soil physical and chemical properties, microbial community structure, microbial diversity and soil enzyme activities were analyzed. Result: 1) Compared with the control, nitrogen deposition significantly increased soil cation exchange capacity, and the content of clay, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen, and microbial biomass nitrogen. As the level of nitrogen deposition increased, the content of total phosphorus, microbial biomass phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen and sand showed a trend of first increase and then decrease. The silt content showed a trend of first decrease and then slight increase, which was lower than that of the control. 2) Nitrogen deposition increased the total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) of soil microorganisms. Low and medium nitrogen deposition treatments increased the content of soil bacteria, fungi, Gram-positive bacteria, actinomycetes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Gram-negative bacteria, and promoted the activities of soil β-glucosidase, cellulase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, urease and acid phosphatase. However, all the parameters tended to decrease under high nitrogen deposition. 3) The results of correlation and redundancy analysis showed that soil cation exchange capacity, microbial biomass nitrogen, silt, total nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen and total phosphorus contents were the key environmental factors affecting the changes of microbial community structure and soil enzyme activities. Conclusion: The short-term simulated nitrogen deposition of five years has improved the soil physico-chemical properties in Eucalyptus plantations, changed the soil microbial community structure and increased soil enzyme activities. Low and medium nitrogen deposition levels have a promoting effect on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure and soil enzyme activities, while high nitrogen deposition shows a certain inhibitory effect.

Key words: nitrogen deposition, microbial community structure, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), enzyme activities, Eucalyptus plantation

中图分类号:

孙英杰,张德楠,沈育伊,徐广平,曹杨,黄科朝,陈运霜,毛馨月,滕秋梅,吕仕洪,褚俊智. 模拟氮沉降对中亚热带桉树人工林土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(5): 46-60.

Yingjie Sun,Denan Zhang,Yuyi Shen,Guangping Xu,Yang Cao,Kechao Huang,Yunshuang Chen,Xinyue Mao,Qiumei Teng,Shihong Lü,Junzhi Chu. Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Enzyme Activities in Eucalyptus Plantations in Mid-subtropical Region[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(5): 46-60.

图/表 8

表1

表2

不同氮沉降处理下土壤理化性质和微生物生物量氮磷变化①"

土层 Soil layer/cm	处理 Treatment	CEC/ （mol·kg^?1）	CL （%）	SI （%）	SA （%）	SOC/ （g·kg^?1）	TP/ （g·kg^?1）	TN/ （g·kg^?1）	NO₃^－-N/ （mg·kg^?1）	NH₄ ⁺-N/ （mg·kg^?1）	DON/ （mg·kg^?1）	MBN/ （mg·kg^?1）	MBP/ （mg·kg^?1）
0~10	CK	10.39± 0.07Da	22.11± 0.05Ca	53.99± 0.11Aa	23.90± 0.08Bc	7.38± 0.02Ca	0.53± 0.01Ba	1.04± 0.01Ba	17.31± 0.10Ba	60.81± 0.10Ba	20.57± 0.17Ba	59.62± 0.24Aa	43.29± 0.12Aa
	LN	11.05± 0.09Ba	24.16± 0.18Ba	51.35± 0.18Bb	24.50± 0.08Ac	7.59± 0.07Ba	0.65± 0.01Aa	1.13± 0.01Ba	19.38± 0.09Ba	60.89± 0.16Ba	21.65± 0.17Ba	61.51± 0.07Aa	47.03± 0.34Aa
	MN	11.78± 0.12Aa	25.84± 0.15Aa	50.08± 0.24Cb	24.08± 0.11Bc	8.02± 0.04Aa	0.42± 0.01Ca	1.30± 0.01Aa	21.66± 0.10Aa	64.18± 0.23Aa	24.67± 0.16Aa	65.05± 0.32Aa	41.26± 0.22Aa
	HN	10.74± 0.08Ca	25.53± 0.16Aa	51.75± 0.16Bb	22.72± 0.12Cc	7.69± 0.06Aa	0.37± 0.01Da	1.46± 0.01Aa	19.01± 0.05Aa	59.86± 0.39Ca	23.56± 0.07Aa	60.25± 0.06Aa	38.48± 0.23Aa
10~20	CK	7.13± 0.05Dc	18.21± 0.04Bb	51.57± 0.09Bb	30.22± 0.05Cb	6.17± 0.02Db	0.31± 0.01Bb	0.59± 0.02Cb	8.53± 0.17Cb	31.73± 0.14Cb	14.20± 0.22Db	40.29± 0.04Db	19.65± 0.13Bb
	LN	8.31± 0.07ABb	19.27± 0.12Ab	49.06± 0.25Cc	31.68± 0.17Ab	6.68± 0.04Cb	0.38± 0.01Ab	0.70± 0.01Bb	10.28± 0.06Bb	32.78± 0.11Bb	15.39± 0.18Cb	42.25± 0.11Bb	22.24± 0.13Ab
	MN	9.20± 0.09Ab	14.03± 0.25Cc	55.26± 0.28Aa	30.71± 0.07Bb	7.28± 0.05Ab	0.20± 0.01Dc	0.55± 0.01Cc	12.55± 0.17Ab	34.50± 0.24Ab	17.83± 0.15Ab	45.04± 0.18Ab	17.31± 0.09Cb
	HN	8.03± 0.06ACb	19.14± 0.06Ab	51.39± 0.20Bb	29.47± 0.15Db	7.05± 0.04Bb	0.26± 0.01Cb	0.92± 0.01Ab	7.14± 0.06Dc	30.76± 0.18Db	16.92± 0.12Bb	41.30± 0.13Cb	16.08± 0.08Db
20~30	CK	4.14± 0.05Cb	12.01± 0.06Dc	54.31± 0.19Aa	33.68± 0.15Ba	3.22± 0.04Dc	0.26± 0.01Bc	0.33± 0.02Dc	6.49± 0.18Cc	21.65± 0.10Cc	7.20± 0.09Dc	19.14± 0.29Dc	14.84± 0.07Bc
	LN	4.93± 0.10ABc	12.50± 0.18Cc	52.64± 0.10Ba	34.86± 0.18Aa	3.89± 0.06Cc	0.33± 0.01Ac	0.44± 0.01Cc	7.88± 0.15Bc	22.80± 0.09Bc	8.33± 0.16Bc	21.68± 0.11Bc	16.92± 0.12Ac
	MN	5.37± 0.12Ac	20.26± 0.06Ab	45.75± 0.15Cc	34.00± 0.15Ba	4.39± 0.06Ac	0.31± 0.01Ab	0.75± 0.01Ab	9.65± 0.16Ac	24.91± 0.11Ac	10.19± 0.08Ac	24.75± 0.19Ac	12.20± 0.10Cc
	HN	4.31± 0.06Cc	13.64± 0.15Bc	53.79± 0.25Aa	32.57± 0.11Ca	4.23± 0.03Bc	0.15± 0.01Cc	0.71± 0.02Bc	10.00± 0.06Ab	20.22± 0.18Dc	7.61± 0.13Cc	20.10± 0.23Cc	12.09± 0.06Cc
0~30 均值 0~30 Mean	CK	7.22	17.44	53.29	29.27	5.59	0.37	0.65	10.78	38.06	13.99	39.68	25.93
	LN	8.10	18.64	51.02	30.34	6.05	0.45	0.76	12.74	40.10	15.56	43.30	29.47
	MN	8.78	20.05	50.36	29.60	6.56	0.31	0.87	14.51	41.01	17.44	44.68	23.97
	HN	7.69	19.44	52.31	28.25	6.32	0.26	1.03	12.05	36.95	16.03	40.55	22.21

表2

图1

表3

图2

图3

图4

图5

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理化性质指标 Physico-chemical properties	初始土壤 Initial soil (2018)	5年氮沉降试验后土壤 Five-year nitrogen deposition experiment on soil (2023)
理化性质指标 Physico-chemical properties	初始土壤 Initial soil (2018)	CK	LN	MM	HN
pH	5.33	5.31	5.18	4.99	4.67
BD/( g·cm^?3)	1.71	1.75	1.63	1.52	1.42
CEC/ (mol·kg^?1)	6.97	7.22	8.10	8.78	7.69
SOC /(g·kg^?1)	5.65	5.59	6.05	6.56	6.32
TN /(g·kg^?1)	0.59	0.65	0.76	0.87	1.03
TP /(g·kg^?1)	0.29	0.37	0.45	0.31	0.26
TK /(g·kg^?1)	4.93	4.78	5.13	5.49	5.19
AN /(mg·kg^?1)	55.42	55.23	58.97	62.08	64.13
AP /(mg·kg^?1)	1.32	1.51	1.60	1.47	1.30
AK /(mg·kg^?1)	29.34	30.31	31.36	32.55	31.66

土层 Soil layer/cm	处理 Treatment	TPLFAs/（nmol·g^?1）	G+/G?	F/B	H'	D
0~10	CK	42.751±0.236Ca	1.122±0.008Bb	0.390±0.000Ba	1.635±0.005Ca	0.701±0.004Ca
	LN	47.615±0.215Ba	1.150±0.018Ba	0.348±0.005Ca	1.695±0.009Ba	0.723±0.004Ba
	MN	55.983±0.665Aa	1.583±0.025Aa	0.488±0.009Aa	1.770±0.007Aa	0.786±0.004Aa
	HN	43.248±0.058Ca	1.623±0.030Ab	0.383±0.006Ba	1.575±0.0124Da	0.695±0.003Ca
10~20	CK	23.688±0.127Db	1.240±0.011Ca	0.335±0.005Cb	1.546±0.003Cb	0.638±0.006Cb
	LN	28.168±0.289Bb	1.070±0.007Cb	0.360±0.006Ba	1.600±0.005Bb	0.660±0.007Bb
	MN	36.623±0.422Ab	1.480±0.023Bb	0.395±0.005Ac	1.627±0.008Ab	0.709±0.002Ab
	HN	25.723±0.170Cb	3.701±0.138Aa	0.285±0.006Db	1.505±0.003Db	0.603±0.003Db
20~30	CK	17.730±0.180Cc	1.180±0.031Bab	0.313±0.006Cc	1.411±0.004Cc	0.526±0.012Cc
	LN	20.460±0.123Ac	1.155±0.023Ba	0.365±0.013Ba	1.477±0.011Bc	0.578±0.006Bc
	MN	24.138±0.768Ac	1.640±0.041Aa	0.425±0.006Ab	1.504±0.003Ac	0.616±0.003Ac
	HN	19.530±0.171Bc	1.105±0.010Bc	0.290±0.007Cb	1.373±0.010Dc	0.506±0.003Cc

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模拟氮沉降对中亚热带桉树人工林土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性的影响

Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Enzyme Activities in Eucalyptus Plantations in Mid-subtropical Region

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