虫害对华山松人工林土壤酶活性及碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220115

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 测定神农架林区受虫害干扰后华山松林生长季内的土壤酶活性、土壤化学性质和土壤呼吸速率，探究虫害干扰的影响，为受虫害华山松林的土壤碳排放管理提供理论依据。方法: 在受虫害华山松林（DPAF）和健康华山松林（HPAF）样地内，利用土壤呼吸环（样地内随机布设）测定土壤呼吸速率，并在附近取0~10 cm土样，测定土壤的化学性质和酶活性。结果: 受虫害华山松林土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、水解性氮（AN）、速效钾（AK）含量以及C/N、C/P、N/P低于健康华山松林，土壤全磷（TP）、全钾（TK）、有效磷（AP）含量高于健康华山松林。受虫害华山松林土壤过氧化氢酶（CAT）、蛋白酶（ACPT）、蔗糖酶（SC）活性显著高于健康华山松林（P<0.05），土壤磷酸酶（ACP）活性显著低于健康华山松林（P<0.05）。冗余分析（RDA）分析表明，N/P是影响土壤ACP活性的主导因子，TK是影响土壤ACPT和CAT活性的主导因子；TP、AP含量对土壤酶活性的影响达极显著水平（P<0.01），解释量分别为58.9%、50.5%；N/P、C/P对土壤酶活性的影响达显著水平（P<0.05），解释量分别为34.0%、26.5%。受虫害华山松林与健康华山松林的土壤呼吸速率（R_s）在生长季内变化趋势基本一致，均呈单峰曲线特征，在不同月份间存在极显著差异（P<0.01），夏季显著高于春、秋、冬季。受虫害华山松林在生长季内的R_s低于健康华山松林，且差异集中在夏季生长旺期。受虫害华山松林的R_s与各土壤化学因子无显著相关，健康华山松林的R_s与土壤pH显著负相关（P<0.05）。结论: 虫害干扰对华山松林土壤化学性质和酶活性有显著影响，其中虫害干扰对华山松林土壤酶活性的影响主要通过控制土壤磷元素（TP、AP）循环及其相关生态计量比（C/P、N/P）实现，受干扰林不存在土壤磷限制。受虫害干扰后，华山松林生长季内的土壤呼吸速率显著降低，与土壤酶活性和化学性质存在不显著相关。

关键词: 虫害干扰, 华山松, 酶活性, 化学计量特征, 土壤呼吸

Abstract:

Objective: This study takes the disturbed Pinus armandii forest in the Shennongjia forest region as the research subject, and measures the enzyme activity and soil chemical properties of the P. armandii forest in the growing season and soil respiration after the insect disturbance, aims to explore the changes of soil enzyme activity and soil chemical properties of P. armandii forest and their effect on soil respiration which provides a theoretical basis for the soil carbon emission of P. armandii forest after insect disturbance. Method: In two types of samples (disturbed P. armandii forest-DPAF, healthy P. armandii forest-HPAF), soil samples of 0-10 cm are selected near the soil respiration ring (randomly laid out in the sample) to determine the soil chemical properties and soil enzyme activity, respectively. Result: The soil organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN), available nitrogen(AN), available potassium(AK) contents and C/N, C/P, N/P of the disturbed P. armandii forest are lower than the healthy P. armandii forest, but the soil total phosphorus(TP), total potassium(TK) and available phosphorus(AP) content are higher than that of the Healthy P. armandii forest. Soil catalase(CAT), acid protease(ACPT) and sucrase(SC) activities of healthy P. armandii forest are significantly higher than those of healthy P. armandii forest(P<0.05), and soil acid protease(ACP) activity is significantly lower than that of healthyP. armandii forest(P<0.05). N/P is the dominant factor affecting ACP activity, and TK is the dominant factor affecting ACPT and CAT activity. Redundant analysis shows that the effects of TP and AP on soil enzyme activities reach a highly significant level (P<0.01), with an interpretation amount of 58.9% and 50.5%, respectively. RDA analysis shows that the effects of N/P and C/P on soil enzyme activities reach a significant level (P<0.05), with an explanation amount of 34.0% and 26.5%, respectively. The soil respiration(R_s) of the disturbed P. armandii forest and the healthy P. armandii forest are basically the same as the growth season, and the monthly change of R_s in the growing season has the characteristics of a unipolar curve. Analysis of variance shows that R_s reaches a highly significant difference between different months (P<0.01).R_s also varies at different times of the growing season, with R_s significantly higher in summer than in Spring, Autumn and Winter, and significant differences in Summer R_s. The R_s of the disturbed P. armandii forest are lower than those of the healthy P. armandii forest during the growing season, and the concentration differences are in the summer growth period. There are no significant differences between the R_s and the chemical factors in the disturbed P. armandii forest, and the R_s of healthy P. armandii forest is significantly inversely correlated with pH. Conclusion: After the disturbance of insect disturbance, the soil chemical properties and enzyme activities of P. armandii forest have significant variations. The effects of insect disturbance on soil enzyme activities in P. armandii forest are mainly achieved through the control of the soil phosphorus element (TP, AP) cycle and the regulation of related ecological measurement ratios (C/P, N/P), and there is no soil phosphorus element limitation. After the disturbance, the soil respiration rate of P. armandii plantation forest in the growing season is significantly reduced, and the difference is related to the soil enzyme activity and chemical properties, but there is no significant relationship.

Key words: insect disturbance, Pinus armandii, soil enzyme activity, stoichiometric characteristics, soil respiration

中图分类号:

S714

黄金莲,崔鸿侠,唐万鹏,胡琛,马致远,雷静品. 虫害对华山松人工林土壤酶活性及碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(10): 128-137.

Jinlian Huang,Hongxia Cui,Wanpeng Tang,Chen Hu,Zhiyuan Ma,Jingpin Lei. Effects of Insect Disturbance on Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activity and C∶N∶P Stoichiometry in Pinus armandii Forest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(10): 128-137.

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样地分组 Sample plot group	样地编号 Sample plot number	林分密度	海拔 Altitude/ m	坡度 Slope gradient/ (°)	坡向	郁闭度 Canopy density	平均树高 Mean tree height/m	平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm
样地分组 Sample plot group	样地编号 Sample plot number	Stand density/ (tree·hm^?2)	海拔 Altitude/ m	坡度 Slope gradient/ (°)	Slope aspect	郁闭度 Canopy density	平均树高 Mean tree height/m	平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm
受虫害华山松林 Disturbed P. armandii forest (DPAF)	DPAF -1	875±164	1 554	21	西北Northwest	0.6	12.51	11.65
	DPAF -2	956±115	1 580	22	西北Northwest	0.6	11.27	12.18
	DPAF -3	926±123	1 593	27	西北Northwest	0.6	10.85	13.32
健康华山松林 Healthy P. armandii forest (HPAF)	HPAF-1	962±144	1 618	28	东北Northeast	0.8	12.71	15.97
	HPAF-2	954±137	1 608	30	东北Northeast	0.7	13.35	18.54
	HPAF-3	981±142	1 600	28	东北Northeast	0.8	12.77	17.72

林分类型 Stand type	pH	土壤有机碳 SOC/(g·kg^?1)	全氮 TN/(g·kg^?1)	全磷 TP/(g·kg^?1)	全钾 TK/(g·kg^?1)	水解性氮 AN/(mg·kg^?1)
DPAF	5.80±0.28a	50.71±6.73b	2.48±0.28b	1.22±0.16a	24.11±0.92a	250.22±50.27b
HPAF	5.77±0.25a	53.54±17.71b	2.57±0.58b	0.60±0.17b	21.76±1.63b	255.11±59.57b

林分类型 Stand type	有效磷 AP/(mg·kg^?1)	速效钾 AK/(mg·kg^?1)	碳氮比 C/N	碳磷比 C/P	氮磷比 N/P
DPAF	11.55±6.61a	139.43±52.10b	20.40±0.87b	42.41±7.95b	2.07±0.35b
HPAF	3.30±1.77b	144.33±69.63b	20.42±2.19b	92.80±30.45a	4.48±1.14a

统计 Statistic	第一轴 Axis 1	第二轴 Axis 2	第三轴 Axis 3	第四轴 Axis 4
土壤酶特征值 Eigenvalues of soil enzyme activity	0.768 6	0.014 0	0.001 3	0.000 2
土壤酶与化学因子的相关性 Correlation between soil enzyme activity and chemical factors	0.887 8	0.782 0	0.931 8	0.748 5
土壤酶累计解释量 Cumulative interpretation of soil enzyme activity(%)	76.86	78.26	78.39	78.41
土壤酶-化学因子累计解释量 Cumulative interpretation of soil enzyme activity-chemical factors(%)	98.02	99.81	99.98	100.00

化学因子 Chemical factors	排序 Sequence	重要性 Importance	解释量 Interpretation(%)	显著性 Significance
全磷TP	1	13.7	58.9	0.002
有效磷AP	2	10.5	50.5	0.006
氮磷比N/P	3	5.8	34.0	0.020
碳磷比C/P	4	4.2	26.5	0.042
全钾TK	5	2.0	14.3	0.198
碳氮比C/N	6	0.3	2.6	0.594
速效钾AK	7	0.2	1.8	0.648
有机碳SOC	8	0.2	1.2	0.726
全氮TN	9	0.1	1.1	0.760
水解性氮AN	10	0.1	1.1	0.768
pH	11	<0.1	0.3	0.888

林分类型 Stand type	pH	土壤有机碳 SOC	全氮 TN	全钾 TK	全磷 TP	水解性氮 AN	速效钾 AK	有效磷 AP
DPAF-R_s	?0.357	?0.067	?0.171	?0.095	0.092	?0.335	0.291	0.396
HPAF-吸R_s	?0.669*	0.552	0.555	?0.380	0.714*	0.514	0.698*	0.861**
PAF-R_s	?0.514*	0.443	0.402	?0.403	?0.037	0.232	0.559*	0.093

林分类型 Stand type	碳氮比 C/N	碳氮比 C/P	氮磷比 N/P	过氧化氢酶 CAT	蛋白酶 ACPT	磷酸酶 ACP	蔗糖酶 SC
DPAF-R_s	0.271	?0.112	?0.185	0.062	0.040	?0.340	0.605
HPAF-R_s	0.431	?0.123	?0.272	?0.422	?0.285	0.532	0.130
PAF-R_s	0.382	0.138	0.094	?0.391	?0.292	0.350	0.096