北方沙地杨树人工林对常规与滴灌施肥的响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240656

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 针对北方沙地杨树大径材人工林综合地力差、生产力低下等问题，通过常规施肥与滴灌施肥方式，解析杨树人工林对不同水肥条件的响应机制，为研制合理的促进林木生长和地力可持续维护措施提供理论依据和技术指导。方法: 以北方沙地11~12年生欧美杨人工林为研究对象，采用裂区试验设计，灌溉方式为主因素，设常规灌溉和滴灌2个水平，不同追肥种类为副因素，设不施肥、控释肥、水溶肥、有机粪肥、控释肥配施有机粪肥和水溶肥配施有机粪肥（6个水平，共计12个处理)。连续处理2年后，测定杨树胸径变化、土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性。结果: 在相同施肥条件下，滴灌比常规灌溉更能促进杨树人工林胸径生长。不同肥料类型及其组合对杨树胸径生长和土壤地力有不同效应，其中滴灌条件下单施有机粪肥处理或水溶肥结合有机粪肥处理的效果最佳，而控释肥配合有机粪肥处理的效果最差。施入有机粪肥处理能够提高土壤碱性磷酸酶活性，提高土壤有效磷含量，维持土壤有机质稳定，既能促进胸径增长，又能很好地维护土壤地力。结论: 在北方沙地杨树人工林中，滴灌条件下有机粪肥或水溶肥配合有机粪肥处理促进胸径增长的效果最佳，能提高土壤养分有效性，维持地力，因此建议采用有机粪肥作为基肥，滴灌施肥方式施入水溶肥作为追肥对该地区杨树人工林进行水肥管理。

关键词: 杨树, 施肥, 灌溉, 胸径生长, 土壤理化性质, 土壤酶活性

Abstract:

Objective: In order to solve the problems of poor comprehensive soil fertility and low productivity of large-diameter poplar plantations in northern sandy areas, this study analyzed the response mechanism of poplar plantations to different water and fertilizer conditions through conventional fertilization and drip fertigation methods. This study aims to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for developing reasonable measures to promote forest growth and sustainably maintaining soil fertility. Method: In this paper, 11–12-year-old Populus × euramericana cv. 74/76 plantation on northern sandy soil was studied using a split-plot experimental design. The irrigation form was the main factor with two levels, conventional irrigation (CI) and drip irrigation (DI). Different types of fertilizing were the sub-factors, with six levels of no fertilization (F₀M₀), controlled-release fertilizer (F_cM₀), water-soluble fertilizer (F_NPKM₀), organic manure (F₀M₁), controlled-release fertilizer and organic manure (FcM₁), water-soluble fertilizer and organic manure (F_NPKM₁), (a total of 12 treatments). After continuous treatments for 2 years, the changes in diameter at breast height (DBH), as well as the physicochemical properties and enzyme activity of the soil were measured. Result: Drip irrigation was more effective in promoting the DBH growth of poplar plantations than conventional irrigation under the same fertilization conditions. Different types of fertilizers and their combinations had varied effects on poplar DBH growth and soil fertility. Among them, under drip irrigation conditions, organic manure alone or combination of water-soluble fertilizer with organic manure had the best effect, while the controlled-release fertilizer in combination with organic manure had the worst effect. The application of organic manure was able to enhance soil alkaline phosphatase activity, increase soil available phosphorus content, maintain soil organic matter stability, promote breast height diameter growth, and effectively maintain soil fertility. Conclusion: In the poplar plantations on northern sandy soil, the application of organic manure or water-soluble fertilizer combined with organic manure has the best effect on promoting the DBH growth, improving soil nutrient availability, and maintaining soil fertility. Therefore, it is recommended to use organic manure as the base fertilizer and drip irrigation with water-soluble fertilizer as topdressing for water and fertilizer management of the poplar plantations in this area.

Key words: poplar, fertilization, irrigation, DBH growth, soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S718.43

郭江涛,彭晶晶,马鑫,刘帆,夏永秀. 北方沙地杨树人工林对常规与滴灌施肥的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(10): 135-145.

Jiangtao Guo,Jingjing Peng,Xin Ma,Fan Liu,Yongxiu Xia. Responses of Poplar Plantations in Northern China Sandy Land to Conventional Fertilization and Drip Fertigation[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(10): 135-145.

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灌溉方式 Irrigation	施肥类型 Types of fertilizer	处理 Treatment
常规灌溉 Conventional irrigation	不施肥 No fertilization	常规灌溉?不施肥 Conventional irrigation?no fertilization，CI-F₀M₀
	有机粪肥 Organic manure	常规灌溉?施有机粪肥 Conventional irrigation?organic manure，CI-F₀M₁
	控释肥 Controlled-release fertilizer	常规灌溉?施控释肥 Conventional irrigation?controlled-release fertilize， CI-FcM₀
	控释肥+有机粪肥 Controlled-release fertilizer and organic manure	常规灌溉?施控释肥+有机粪肥 Conventional irrigation?controlled-release fertilizer and organic manure，CI-F_cM₁
	水溶肥 Water-soluble fertilizer	常规灌溉?施水溶肥 Conventional irrigation?water-soluble fertilize，CI-F_NPKM₀
	水溶肥+有机粪肥 Water-soluble fertilizer and organic manure	常规灌溉?施水溶肥+有机粪肥 Conventional irrigation?water-soluble fertilizer and organic manure，CI-F_NPKM₁
滴灌 Drip irrigation	不施肥 No fertilization	滴灌?不施肥 Drip irrigation?no fertilization，DI-F₀M₀
	有机粪肥 Organic manure	滴灌?施有机粪肥 Drip irrigation?organic manure，DI-F₀M₁
	控释肥 Controlled-release fertilizer	滴灌?施控释肥 Drip irrigation?controlled-release fertilize，DI-F_cM₀
	控释肥+有机粪肥 Controlled-release fertilizer and organic manure	滴灌?施控释肥+有机粪肥 Drip irrigation?controlled-release fertilizer and organic manure，DI-F_cM₁
	水溶肥 Water-soluble fertilizer	滴灌?施水溶肥 Drip irrigation?water-soluble fertilizer，DI-F_NPKM₀
	水溶肥+有机粪肥 Water-soluble fertilizer and organic manure	滴灌?施水溶肥+有机粪肥 Drip irrigation?water-soluble fertilizer and organic manure，DI-F_NPKM₁

项目Item		df	SS	MS	F	P
	区组Group	3	0.044	0.015	0.608	0.654
主区部分Primary area	灌溉方式Irrigation methods	1	3.797	3.797	157.565^**	0.001
	误差Error	3	0.072	0.024	—	—
	肥料种类Types of fertiliter	5	1.536	0.307	14.835^**	0.001
副区部分Split plot	灌溉方式× 肥料种类Irrigation × types of fertiliter	5	0.664	0.133	6.416^**	0.001
	误差Error	30	0.621	0.021	—	—

处理 Treatment		pH	有机质 Organic matter/(g·kg^?1)	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolytic N/(mg·kg^?1)	有效磷 Available P/(mg·kg^?1)	速效钾 Available K/(mg·kg^?1)
主区 Primary area	CI	8.79a	3.91b	35.92b	8.00b	66.44b
主区 Primary area	DI	8.66b	5.12a	68.93a	28.08a	80.69b
副区 Split plot	F₀M₀	9.02a	3.51b	32.79d	3.50d	30.04e
	F₀M₁	9.02a	5.4a	72.87b	11.25c	64.54d
	F_cM₀	8.43d	4.73a	99.70a	13.75b	98.54a
	F_cM₁	8.39d	3.73b	34.18d	29.47a	88.96b
	F_NPKM₀	8.70c	4.87a	44.52c	10.62c	67.81d
	F_NPKM₁	8.81b	4.85a	25.80e	14.88b	64.54d
CI	F₀M₀	9.00 ± 0.06ab	3.11 ± 0.34de	24.10 ± 2.69i	3.60 ± 0.20j	39.03 ± 1.25g
	F₀M₁	8.99 ± 0.05ab	4.50 ± 0.47c	52.80 ± 6.15d	9.90 ± 0.20g	82.07 ± 2.70c
	F_cM₀	8.40 ± 0.14f	3.90 ± 0.74cd	38.80 ± 5.45f	5.13 ± 0.31i	47.10 ± 1.10f
	F_cM₁	8.87 ± 0.09bcd	3.62 ± 0.73cde	28.70 ± 7.05h	8.8 ± 0.46h	67.93 ± 0.47d
	F_NPKM₀	8.61 ± 0.16e	5.41 ± 0.45b	42.87 ± 5.11e	10.00 ± 0.36fg	80.50 ± 2.29c
	F_NPKM₁	8.89 ± 0.03bc	2.91 ± 0.37e	28.27 ± 2.66h	10.57 ± 0.31f	82.03 ± 1.85c
DI	F₀M₀	9.04 ± 0.07a	3.91 ± 0.70cd	21.10 ± 3.10j	3.40 ± 0.25j	39.07 ± 0.31g
	F₀M₁	9.04 ± 0.05a	6.30 ± 0.33ab	21.10 ± 1.00j	12.60 ± 0.60d	47.03 ± 0.74f
	F_cM₀	8.46 ± 0.04f	5.56 ± 0.57b	113.43 ± 8.75b	22.33 ± 0.25b	150.00 ± 1.68a
	F_cM₁	7.91 ± 0.06g	3.84 ± 0.39cde	165.10 ± 8.92a	50.13 ± 0.21a	110.00 ± 2.70b
	F_NPKM₀	8.79 ± 0.07cd	4.33 ± 0.55c	32.23 ± 5.60g	11.23 ± 0.42e	55.13 ± 1.22e
	F_NPKM₁	8.73 ± 0.06de	6.80 ± 0.43a	60.63 ± 5.17c	20.77 ± 0.35c	82.93 ± 2.65c

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