白杨杂交子代栓塞脆弱性分割及与生长的关系

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210794

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究不同生长速率白杨杂交子代有无脆弱性分割、脆弱性分割差异及与生长的关系，为脆弱性分割假说检验提供试验证据，也为杨树耐旱性评价及生长策略提供支撑。方法: 以快速（K）、中速（Z）、慢速（M）3种生长速率类型的4年生白杨杂交子代为研究材料，每种子代类型选3~6株单株，测定其地上生物量（AGB）、中午叶水势（Ψ_middy）以及根、枝、叶的栓塞脆弱性（P₅₀），计算叶片与枝条的水力安全边际（HSM），测定木质部导管水力结构指标导管直径（D_V）、导管水力直径（D_H）、导管密度（V_D）、导管腔占比（F_L）和导管抗垮塌能力(t/b)²。结果: 1）地上生物量中K>Z>M，且M显著小于K和Z。2）枝条的P₅₀中M显著低于K和Z，而叶片和根段的P₅₀在K、Z、M间无显著性差异；不同器官间，枝条的P₅₀低于叶片和根段。3）在导管水力结构上，M枝条的导管直径、导管水力直径、b值显著低于K和Z，(t/b)²显著高于K和Z，M叶片的导管直径与Z相近，但显著低于K；M根段的导管密度显著大于K和Z，其余指标无显著差异。不同器官间，导管直径沿水力路径由根到叶片逐渐缩小，根段导管直径最大为叶片的5.12倍，而导管密度由根到枝条逐渐增大，根段的导管密度仅是枝条的1/4。4） 3种子代类型均存在脆弱性分割现象，其中M的分割程度最大，略高于K，是Z的2倍；在叶片水力安全边际上，Z的更宽，K与M的较窄甚至为负，而枝条的水力安全边际在三者之间相差较小。结论: 不同生长速率的3种杂交杨子代均存在栓塞脆弱性分割，其中生长最慢的M的分割程度最大。不同器官的栓塞脆弱性差异可通过导管直径、(t/b)²等导管水力结构得以反映。枝条木质部导管水力结构的差异可能是造成K、Z、M脆弱性分割程度不同的主要原因。与K和Z相比，生长速率最慢的M的枝条栓塞抗性更高、脆弱性分割程度更大，二者可能共同作用以保全枝干免受水力失败，但这可能以牺牲生长速率为代价来实现，表明脆弱性分割程度提高可能不利于植物生长。

关键词: 杨树, 栓塞脆弱性分割, 木质部水力结构, 生长速率

Abstract:

Objective: Hydraulic vulnerability segmentation is one of important drought resistance mechanisms of plants. The study on the differences of vulnerability segmentation among hybrid poplar individuals with different growth rates and the relationship between vulnerability segmentation and growth can not only provide experimental evidence for testing vulnerability segmentation hypothesis, but also provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for evaluating drought tolerance and growth strategy of the poplar under the background of frequent drought. Method: Three clones (K, Z, M) of 4-year-old offsprings of hybrid poplar [I-101 (Populus alba) × 84K (P. alba × P. glandulosa)] with different growth rates were selected as the research materials, and 3–6 plants were selected from each clone. Aboveground biomass (AGB) and the midday leaf water potential (Ψ_middy) were measured, and the vulnerability curves of roots, branches and leaves were constructed (P₅₀). The hydraulic safety margin (HSM) of leaves and branches were calculated, and the anatomical traits of xylem vessels were measured, including the vessel diameter (D_V), hydraulic weighted vessel diameter (D_H), vessel density (V_D), vessel lumen ratio (F_L) and (t/b)². Result: 1) The clone K had the highest AGB, followed by clone Z, and both of them were significantly higher than clone M. 2) The P₅₀ of branches of M was significantly lower than that of K and Z, while the P₅₀ of leaves and root segments had no significant difference among the three clones. Among different organs, the P₅₀ of branches was lower than that of leaves and roots. 3) In terms of vessel anatomical traits, the D_H, D_V and b of branches of M were significantly lower than those of K and Z, and the (t/b)² was significantly higher than that of K and Z. The D_V of leaves of M was similar to Z, but significantly lower than that of K. The V_D of root segment of M was significantly higher than that of K and Z, and other indexes showed no significant difference. Among different organs, theD_V gradually decreased along the hydraulic path from root to leaf, and the maximum mean diameter of vessels in the root segments was 5.12 times that of the leaves, while the V_D gradually increased from root to branch, and the V_D in the root segments was only 1/4 that of the branches. 4) Embolism vulnerability segmentation existed in all three clones, and the segmentation degree of M was the largest, slightly higher than K, and twice as high as Z. The HSM of leaves of clone Z was wider, while that of K and M was narrower or even negative. The HSM of branches of the three clones was similar. Conclusion: All the three clones with different growth rates exhibit vulnerability segmentation, and clone M with the slowest growth rate has the largest degree of segmentation. The difference in vulnerability of different organs can be reflected by D_V, (t/b)² and other vessel anatomical traits. The difference in hydraulic structure of xylem conduit of branches may be the main reason for the different degree of vulnerability segmentation of the three clones. Compared with K and Z, M with the slowest growth rate has the higher embolism resistance and the higher degree of vulnerability segmentation. The two phenomena may work together to protect stems from hydraulic failure, but this may be achieved at the expense of growth rates, suggesting that the increased vulnerability segmentation may be detrimental to plant growth.

Key words: poplar, vulnerability segmentation, xylem hydraulic taits, growth rate

中图分类号:

S718.43

韩璐,赵涵,王薇,刘文辉,姜在民,蔡靖. 白杨杂交子代栓塞脆弱性分割及与生长的关系[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(3): 94-103.

Lu Han,Han Zhao,Wei Wang,Wenhui Liu,Zaimin Jiang,Jing Cai. Hydraulic Vulnerability Segmentation and Its Correlation with Growth in Hybrid Poplar[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(3): 94-103.

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符号 Symbol	单位 Unit	定义 Definition
AGB	g	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass
P₁₂	MPa	造成导水率/水力导度损失12%时的水势值 Water potential causing 12% loss of hydraulic conductivity or conductance
P₅₀	MPa	造成导水率/水力导度损失50%时的水势值 Water potential causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity or conductance
P₈₈	MPa	造成导水率/水力导度损失88%时的水势值 Water potential causing 88% loss of hydraulic conductivity or conductance
Ψ_middy	MPa	正午水势Middy leaf water potential
HSM	MPa	水力安全边际 Hydraulic safety margin
D_H	μm	导管水力直径 Hydraulic weighted vessel diameter
D_V	μm	平均导管直径 Mean vessel diameter
V_D	N·mm^?2	导管密度 Vessel density
F_L		导管腔占比 The fraction of vessel lumen
t	μm	导管间的壁厚度 Double vessel wall thickness
b	μm	导管内径跨度 Conduits wall span
(t/b)²		导管抗垮塌指标 Thickness-to-span ratio

项目 Item	K	Z	M
地上生物量
AGB/g	3 932.76±112.68a	3 611.52±106.51a	2182.13±81.33b
水力特征值 Hydraulic properties
叶片 Leaf
P₁₂/MPa	?0.48	?0.66	?0.57
P₅₀/MPa	?1.27	?1.49	?1.31
P₈₈/MPa	?2.40	?2.56	?2.26
枝条 Branch
P₁₂/MPa	?1.47±0.10a	?1.36±0.12a	?1.90±0.12b
P₅₀/MPa	?2.08±0.07a	?2.01±0.10a	?2.47±0.09b
P₈₈/MPa	?2.62±0.06a	?2.60±0.12a	?2.94±0.06b
根段 Root segment
P₁₂/MPa	?0.72±0.05a	?0.74±0.05a	?0.84±0.12a
P₅₀/MPa	?1.38±0.04a	?1.46±0.07a	?1.44±0.10a
P₈₈/MPa	?2.16±0.08a	?2.30±0.13a	?2.07±0.11a
leaf P₅₀-branch P₅₀	0.81	0.52	1.16
root P₅₀- branch P₅₀	0.70	0.55	1.03
Ψ_middy/MPa	?1.17±0.07b	?0.95±0.01a	?1.41±0.03c
HSM_leaf/MPa	0.10	0.54	?0.10
HSM_branch/MPa	0.91	1.06	1.06

项目 Item	K	Z	M
导管解剖结构特征Vessel anatomical traits
叶片Leaf
D_H/μm	19.46±1.64a	16.25±0.41a	15.29±0.68a
D_V/μm	18.20±1.42a	13.62±0.58b	13.50±0.50b
枝条Branch
D_H/μm	34.40±0.33a	33.60±0.83a	31.12±0.40b
D_V/μm	31.02±0.22a	30.75±0.62a	28.87±0.43b
V_D/(N· mm^?2)	230±13a	224±15a	226±16a
F_L	0.187 6±0.011 7a	0.175 1±0.008 0a	0.155 1±0.008 0a
t/μm	5.38±0.15a	5.58±0.11a	5.79±0.24a
b/μm	30.37±0.32a	30.73±0.58a	27.46±0.41b
(t/b)²	0.032±0.002b	0.033±0.003b	0.044±0.002a
根段Root segment
D_H/μm	80.16±6.57a	79.21±3.12a	71.24±0.68a
D_V/μm	72.14±5.72a	69.8±2.34a	63.42±1.00a
V_D/(N·mm^?2)	52±2b	57±4b	66±3a
F_L	0.228 3±0.030 8a	0.240 8±0.022 6a	0.225 9±0.010 2a
t/μm	8.85±0.51a	8.56±1.05a	8.19±0.35a
b/μm	73.10±6.08a	72.85±3.82a	64.51±2.05a
(t/b)²	0.016±0.000 8a	0.015±0.0031a	0.017±0.000 5a

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