敦煌及马鬃山地区植物生活型及其海拔梯度特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220304

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究敦煌及马鬃山地区植被区系祖成、植物生活型及其对海拔梯度的响应，阐明植物群落生活型特征及其对气候生境的反映，为区域植物多样性保护及垂直格局研究提供理论依据和科学基础。方法: 在植物群落调查基础上，采用Raunkiaer生活型分类系统，统计敦煌及马鬃山地区维管束植物的生活型，编制生活型谱，并分析不同海拔梯度的植物生活型组成。结果: 1) 研究区共记录217种植物，隶属34科122属，占中国干旱区总科数的41.46%，占全国总科数的10.09%。其中，裸子植物1科1属3种，双子叶植物28科96属175种，单子叶植物5科25属38种。2)研究区植物生活型主要以地上芽植物为主，占33.18%，在地上芽植物型的4个亚类群中，以半灌木地上芽植物最多；生活型大小序列为：地上芽植物型＞地面芽植物型＞一年生植物型＞地下芽植物型＞高位芽植物型。3)地上芽生活型物种在各海拔梯度都占重要地位，占研究区全部生活型物种的59.15%，随海拔升高呈先增后降的趋势，在海拔1 700 m处达到最大值；地面芽植物生活型也表现为随海拔升高而先增后降的趋势；高位芽植物生活型和地下芽植物生活型所占比例很小；一年生植物在整个海拔范围内占10.00%以下，随海拔升高波动不大。结论: 敦煌及马鬃山地区地带性植被以灌木或半灌木建群的植被占优势，主要分布于1 000~3 000 m海拔内。群落生活型以地上芽植物和地面芽植物为主，并呈随海拔升高而先增后降的单峰分布格局。

关键词: 敦煌, 马鬃山, 植被区系组成, 植物群落, 植物生活型, 海拔梯度

Abstract:

Objective: In this paper, the vegetation flora, plant life forms and their responses to altitude gradients were investigated in Dunhuang and Mazongshan, to clarify the life-form characteristics of plant communities and their reflections on climatic habitats. The main purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis and scientific basis for the protection of regional plant diversity and vertical pattern research. Method: On the basis of plant community investigation, the life forms of vascular plants in Dunhuang and Mazongshan were counted by using Raunkiaer life form classification system, and then the life form spectrum was prepared. The life form composition of plants at different altitude gradients was analyzed. Result: 1) A total of 217 species of plants were recorded in this study area, belonging to 34 families and 122 genera, accounting for 41.46% of the total families in arid areas of China and 10.09 % of the total families in China. Among them, there were 3 species of gymnosperm belonging to 1 family and 1 genus, 175 species of dicotyledon belonging to 96 genera and 28 families, and 38 species of monocotyledon belonging to 25 genus and 5 families. 2) The life forms of plants were mainly Chamaephytes in the study area, accounting for 33.18%. Suffruticose-chamaephytes had the greatest number among the four subgroups of Chamaephytes in the areas of Dunhuang and Mazongshan. The lifestyle sequence was: Chamaephytes > Hemicryptophytes > Therophytes > Cryptophytes > Phanerophytes. 3) The Chamaephytes species occupied an important position in all altitude gradients, accounting for 59.15% of all life form species in the study area. With the increase of altitude, the Chamaephytes first increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum at 1 700 m altitude. The Hemicryptophytes species also showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in altitude. The Phanerophytes and Cryptophytes species accounted for a small proportion. The therophytes accounted for less than 10.00% of the entire elevation gradients, and had little fluctuation with the increase of altitude. Conclusion: The regional vegetation is dominated by shrub or semi-shrub vegetation in the areas of Dunhuang and Mazongshan, which is mainly distributed at 1 000~3 000 m altitude. The community life forms are dominated by Chamaephytes and Hemicryptophytes, and show a single peak distribution pattern of first rising and then falling with the altitude gradient.

Key words: Dunhuang, Mazongshan, vegetation flora composition, plant community, plant life form, altitudinal gradient

中图分类号:

S718.5
Q948

罗凤敏,辛智鸣,高君亮,李永华,董雪,段瑞兵,李新乐. 敦煌及马鬃山地区植物生活型及其海拔梯度特征[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(3): 31-39.

Fengmin Luo,Zhiming Xin,Junliang Gao,Yonghua Li,Xue Dong,Ruibing Duan,Xinle Li. Characteristics of Plant Life-Form Spectrum and Elevation Gradients in the Areas of Dunhuang and Mazongshan[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(3): 31-39.

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门 Divisio	纲 Classis	科 Familia	属数 Genus number	占总属数比例 Proportion of total genus(%)	种数 Species number	占总种数比例 Proportion of total species(%)
裸子植物 Gymnosperm		麻黄科Ephedraceae	1	0.82	3	1.38
被子植物 Angiosperm	双子叶植物 Dicotyledon	菊科Compsitae	27	22.13	41	18.89
		藜科Chenopodiaceae	18	14.75	36	16.59
		豆科Leguminosae	8	6.56	16	7.37
		蒺藜科Zygophyllaceae	6	4.92	18	8.29
		十字花科Cruciferae	4	3.28	5	2.30
		蓼科Polygonaceae	3	2.46	8	3.69
		紫草科Boraginaceae	3	2.46	4	1.84
		柽柳科Tamaricaceae	2	1.64	11	5.07
		夹竹桃科Apocynaceae	2	1.64	2	0.92
		杨柳科Salicaceae	2	1.64	2	0.92
		旋花科Convolvulaceae	2	1.64	2	0.92
		玄参科Scrophulariaceae	2	1.64	2	0.92
		毛茛科Ranunculaceae	2	1.64	5	2.30
		蔷薇科Rosaceae	1	0.82	3	1.38
		白花丹科Plumbaginaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		列当科Orobanchaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		车前科Plantaginaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		锦葵科Malvaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		茄科Solanaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		萝藦科Asclepiadaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		山柑科Capparaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		马鞭草科Verbenaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		景天科Crassulaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		报春花科Primulaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		榆科Ulmaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		石竹科Caryophyllaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		锁阳科Cynomoriaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
		唇形科Lamiaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46
	单子叶植物 Monocotyledon	禾本科Gramineae	19	15.57	26	11.98
		百合科Liliaceae	2	1.64	6	2.76
		莎草科Cyperaceae	2	1.64	3	1.38
		鸢尾科Iridaceae	1	0.82	2	0.92
		眼子菜科Potamogetonaceae	1	0.82	1	0.46

属名Genus name	种数Species number
蒿属Artemisia	11
柽柳属Tamarix	10
驼蹄瓣属Zygophyllum	6
白刺属Nitraria	5
猪毛菜属Salsola	5

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