文山国家级自然保护区不同海拔地带性植被的土壤微生物生物量碳氮分布特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220303

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究文山国家级自然保护区土壤微生物生物量碳氮沿海拔地带性植被的分布特征及其关键调控因子，为理解亚热带森林土壤碳氮循环过程及其调控机制提供基础数据参考。方法: 以保护区低海拔亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、中海拔半湿润常绿阔叶林和高海拔中山湿性常绿阔叶林3种典型地带性植被类型为研究对象，采用氯仿熏蒸法研究土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量沿海拔和土层的变化，并运用偏Mantel检验、Fourth-Corner方法解析植被多样性、土壤性质与微生物生物量碳氮之间的关系。结果: 1) 土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量的海拔变化差异显著(P < 0.05)。3个地带性植被群落的土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量随海拔升高呈增加趋势，即亚热带季风常绿阔叶林(15.75和2.84 mg·kg^-1) < 半湿润常绿阔叶林(28.05和4.95 mg·kg^-1) < 中山湿性常绿阔叶林(41.61和7.80 mg·kg^-1)。2)各地带性植被带土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量均随土层加深而呈显著的减小趋势(P < 0.05)，0~10 cm土层微生物生物量碳氮含量分别是40~50 cm的4.26和3.22倍，且亚热带季风常绿阔叶林微生物生物量碳氮含量变幅(7.21和3.42倍)最大。3) 偏Mantel相关性检验结果表明，微生物生物量碳氮含量与土壤全氮含量、有机质含量和pH值的关联性最强(P < 0.01，r≥0.75)，而与土壤含水量、密度、全钾含量的关联性次之(P < 0.05，r>0.5)；Fourth-Corner分析结果表明，亚热带季风常绿阔叶林的土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量仅与植被多样性(Shannon指数，Margalef指数，Pielou指数)极显著负相关(P < 0.01)；而在半湿润常绿阔叶林和中山湿性常绿阔叶林中，微生物生物量碳氮含量与土壤pH值呈极显著负相关(P < 0.01)，与枯落物厚度、有机质含量和全氮含量极显著正相关(P < 0.01)。结论: 保护区土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量沿海拔变化主要受土壤全氮含量、有机质含量和pH值调控；低海拔样地土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量主要受植物群落多样性所调控，而高海拔样地土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量的主控因子为枯落物厚度、pH值、有机质含量和全氮含量。

关键词: 地带性植被, 微生物生物量碳氮, 植被多样性, 分布特征, 文山国家级自然保护区

Abstract:

Objective: This study is aimed to explore the distribution and main influencing factors of microbial biomass C and N across three different altitudinal vegetation zones, which provides baseline data for understanding the process of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling and its regulation mechanism in subtropical forest. Method: We used the chloroform fumigation method to measure changes in microbial biomass C and N along altitudinal gradients and soil layers in three typical vegetation zones (i.e., subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, sub-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, and humid evergreen broad-leaved forest). The partial Mantel's test and Fourth-Corner method were used to analyze the relationships of microbial biomass C and N to vegetation diversities and soil properties. Result: 1) The altitudinal variation of soil microbial biomass C and N were significant (P < 0.05). Soil microbial biomass C and N in communities of the three vegetation zones increased with the rise of altitudes, in an order of subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (28.05, 4.95 mg·kg^-1) < semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest (15.75, 2.84 mg·kg^-1) < humid evergreen broad-leaved forest (41.61, 7.80 mg·kg^-1). 2) Soil microbial biomass C and N significantly decreased with the depth of soil layers (P < 0.05). Soil microbial biomass C and N were 4.26 and 3.22 times, respectively higher in 0-10 cm layer than in 40-50 cm layer. The largest range of vertical variations in biomass C and N (7.21 and 3.42 times, respectively) was observed in subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest. 3) Partial Mantel correlation test showed that microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen had the strongest correlation with total nitrogen, soil organic matter, and pH value (P < 0.01, r≥0.75), followed by the correlation with soil moisture content, bulk density, and total potassium (P < 0.05, r>0.5). The fourth corner analysis showed highly negative correlations of soil microbial biomass C and N with the vegetation diversity (i.e., Shannon, Margalef, and Pielou index) (P < 0.01) in the subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, and highly negative correlation with soil pH but highly positive correlation with litter thickness, organic matter and total nitrogen (P < 0.01) in the semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved and humid evergreen broad-leaved forests in the middle vegetation zone. Conclusion: The altitudinal variation of soil microbial biomass C and N were mostly controlled by total nitrogen, soil organic matter, and soil pH, but mainly by vegetation community diversity at low altitudes, and by litter thickness, soil pH, soil organic matter, and total nitrogen at high altitudes.

Key words: vegetation zones, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, vegetation diversity, distribution characteristics, Wenshan National Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

李聪,吕晶花,陆梅,杨志东,刘攀,任玉连,杜凡. 文山国家级自然保护区不同海拔地带性植被的土壤微生物生物量碳氮分布特征[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(3): 20-30.

Cong Li,Jinghua Lu,Mei Lu,Zhidong Yang,Pan Liu,Yulian Ren,Fan Du. Distribution of Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen across Different Altitudinal Vegetation Zones in Wenshan National Nature Reserve[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(3): 20-30.

图/表 6

表1

图1

图2

表2

不同地带性植被各土层土壤因子①"

土层 Soil layer/cm	含水量 Moisture content(%)	密度 Density/(g·cm^-3)	温度 Temperature/℃	pH	有机质含量 Organic matter content/(g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)	全磷含量 Total phosphorus content/(g·kg^-1)	全钾含量 Total potassium content/(g·kg^-1)
L0-10	45.96±1.53Ac	1.17±0.01Ea	16.75±0.01Ea	4.75±0.20Ea	134.39±2.27Ac	1.23±0.02Ac	1.88±0.06Ab	20.86±0.79Ac
L10-20	36.54±1.39Bc	1.29±0.01Da	16.91±0.01Da	4.85±0.23Da	74.13±1.91Bc	0.83±0.01Bc	1.61±0.05Bb	19.11±0.11Bc
L20-30	31.66±1.33Cc	1.47±0.02Ca	17.28±0.03Ca	4.92±0.17Ca	48.96±1.77Cc	0.61±0.01Cc	1.27±0.12Cb	18.13±0.21Cc
L30-40	25.66±1.23Dc	1.60±0.02Ba	17.46±0.02Ba	5.38±0.19Ba	30.96±1.32Dc	0.45±0.01Dc	0.74±0.02Db	17.15±0.09Dc
L40-50	18.08±1.22Ec	1.62±0.03Aa	17.59±0.02Aa	5.79±0.26Aa	20.74±1.02Ec	0.34±0.01Ec	0.64±0.02Eb	14.40±2.82Dc
M0-10	55.17±2.36Ab	0.96±0.01Eb	11.26±0.02Eb	3.72±0.14Eb	172.74±2.50Ab	2.03±0.01Ab	1.01±0.02Ac	40.76±2.15Ab
M10-20	43.43±1.77Bb	1.08±0.01Db	11.64±0.01Db	4.58±0.11Db	124.51±1.85Bb	1.28±0.01Bb	0.82±0.02Bc	36.81±1.11Bb
M20-30	37.33±1.53Cb	1.16±0.01Cb	11.80±0.02Cb	4.64±0.12Cb	91.8±1.57Cb	1.07±0.01Cb	0.58±0.01Cc	34.03±1.02Cb
M30-40	33.24±1.36Db	1.28±0.01Bb	12.12±0.03Bb	4.69±0.12Bb	80.32±1.31Db	0.93±0.01Db	0.36±0.01Dc	27.37±0.94Db
M40-50	28.93±1.31Eb	1.31±0.02Ab	12.58±0.03Ab	4.96±0.18Ab	67.55±1.19Eb	0.70±0.01Eb	0.30±0.01Ec	23.98±0.93Eb
H0-10	66.78±2.45Aa	0.78±0.01Ec	6.42±0.01Ec	3.58±0.27Ec	246.01±2.72Aa	3.16±0.03Aa	2.67±0.02Aa	46.91±2.64Aa
H10-20	48.96±1.82Ba	0.83±0.01Dc	6.71±0.01Dc	3.99±0.20Dc	197.74±2.54Ba	2.35±0.01Ba	2.36±0.01Ba	42.67±0.86Ba
H20-30	45.99±1.49Ca	0.98±0.01Cc	7.01±0.02Cc	4.30±0.22Cc	146.47±2.03Ca	1.49±0.03Ca	2.00±0.01Ca	40.13±0.45Ca
H30-40	41.89±1.35Da	1.10±0.02Bc	7.18±0.01Bc	4.37±0.20Bc	124.40±1.87Da	1.32±0.01Da	1.73±0.02Da	37.29±0.79Da
H40-50	38.44±1.32Ea	1.18±0.01Ac	7.33±0.02Ac	4.61±0.21Ac	93.39±1.37Ea	0.97±0.04Ea	1.44±0.03Ea	34.78±0.58Ea

表2

表3

表4

不同海拔地带性植被环境因子与微生物生物量碳氮含量的Fourth-Corner分析①"

项目 Item	检测变量(双向) Test variables(two-sided)	观测值 Observation	观测值标准差 Standard deviation of observation	显著值 Significant value(P)
亚热带季风常绿阔叶林 Subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest	R和SMC R and SMC	-0.070 635 07	-2.851 809	0.003^**
	H和SMC H and SMC	-0.072 509 73	-2.848 700	0.003^**
	J_sw和SMC J_sw and SMC	-0.070 635 07	-2.851 809	0.003^**
	R和SMN R and SMN	-0.072 548 94	-2.865 944	0.003^**
	H和SMN H and SMN	-0.074 440 20	-2.861 782	0.003^**
	J_sw和SMN J_sw and SMN	-0.072 548 94	-2.865 944	0.003^**
半湿润常绿阔叶林 Sub-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest	R和SMC(R and SMC)	-0.070 573 53	-2.742.777	0.006^**
	H和SMC H and SMC	-0.072 233 63	-2.738 047	0.006^**
	LT和SMC LT and SMC	0.072 509 74	2.739 971	0.005^**
	pH和SMC pH and SMC	-0.072 512 12	-2.740 179	0.005^**
	SOM和SMC SOM and SMC	0.072 297 41	2.740 084	0.005^**
	TN和SMC TN and SMC	0.072 297 41	2.740 084	0.005^**
	R和SMN R and SMN	-0.072 479 87	-2.750 572	0.006^**
	H和SMN H and SMN	-0.074 136 70	-2.744 387	0.006^**
	LT和SMN LT and SMN	0.074 440 21	2.746 916	0.005^**
	pH和SMN pH and SMN	-0.074 445 30	-2.747 206	0.005^**
	SOM和SMN SOM and SMN	0.074 222 30	2.747 027	0.005^**
	TN和SMN TN and SMN	0.074 222 30	2.747 027	0.005^**
中山湿性常绿阔叶林 Humid evergreen broad-leaved forest	D和SMC D and SMC	0.072 509 73	2.809 210	0.002^**
	LT和SMC LT and SMC	0.066 492 08	2.811 670	0.002^**
	pH和SMC pH and SMC	-0.073 261 46	-2.790 082	0.002^**
	SOM和SMC SOM and SMC	0.073 776 54	2.785 768	0.002^**
	TN和SMC TN and SMC	0.070 212 51	2.784 512	0.002^**
	D和SMN D and SMN	0.074 440 20	2.833 079	0.002^**
	LT和SMN LT and SMN	0.068 271 35	2.835 772	0.002^**
	pH和SMN pH and SMN	-0.074 988 71	-2.806 957	0.002^**
	SOM和SMN SOM and SMN	0.075 469 33	2.801 224	0.002^**
	TN和SMN TN and SMN	0.071 799 44	2.799 165	0.002^**

表4

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项目 Item	亚热带季风常绿阔叶林 Subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest	半湿润常绿阔叶林 Sub-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest	中山湿性常绿阔叶林 Humid evergreen broad-leaved forest
海拔Altitudes/m	1 480	1 660	1 760
经纬度 Latitude and longitude	104°46′22.83″—104°49′19.38″E，23°21′51.32″—23°22′28.46″N	104°42′35.26″E—104°46′46.16″E，23°22′27.24″—23°22′30.18″N	104°41′20.61″—104°41′24.52″E，23°21′10.06″N″—23°21′39.11″N
坡度Slope	30°~42°	5°~10°	30°~34°
坡向Aspect	阳坡Sunny slope	阴坡Shady slope	阴坡Shady slope
优势植物(重要值) Dominant plant(important value)	窄叶锥Castanopsis choboensis(31.22%)、瓦山锥Castanopsis ceratacantha(21.05%)、罗浮锥Castanopsis fabri(15.62%)、滇润楠Machilus nanmu(15.10%)、截果石栎Lithocarpus truncatus(12.94%)	木荷Schima superba(35.96%)、方竹Chimonobambusa qundrangularis (23.65%)、青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca(22.23%)	栎类Quercus(47.06%)、玉山竹Yushania niitakayamensi(17.54%)
Margalef指数Margalef index	12.71	11.67	10.68
Simpson指数Simpson index	0.87	1.57	1.88
Shannon指数Shannon index	3.26	2.68	2.29
Pielou指数Pielou index	1.13	1.08	0.85
郁闭度Canopy density	0.75	0.85	0.95
平均高度Mean height/m	12.40	16.50	20.67
平均胸径Mean DBH/cm	9.33	18.09	24.16
枯落物厚度Litter thickness/cm	3	15	23
土壤类型Soil type	黄红壤Yellow-red soil	黄壤Yellow soil	黄壤Yellow soil
母质Parent material	石英砂岩Sandstone	粉砂岩Siltstone	砂页岩Sand shale

项目 Item	土壤因子 Soil chemical and physical factors	偏曼特尔相关系数r Mantel statistic r	P
SMC	SOM	0.95	0.001^**
	TN	0.88	0.001^**
	pH	-0.86	0.002^**
	MC	0.63	0.02^*
	BD	-0.59	0.02^*
	TK	0.56	0.03^*
	ST	-0.38	0.06
	TP	0.35	0.06
SMN	SOM	0.89	0.001^**
	TN	0.91	0.001^**
	pH	-0.75	0.008^**
	MC	0.64	0.02^*
	BD	-0.57	0.03^*
	TK	0.54	0.04^*
	ST	-0.36	0.06
	TP	0.25	0.07

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