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林业科学 ›› 2011, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 138-144.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20110721

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

木荷人工林生长和木材基本密度

王秀花1, 马丽珍2, 马雪红1, 陈柳英2, 周志春1   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 富阳 311400;2. 福建省建瓯市林业科技推广中心 建瓯 353100
  • 收稿日期:2009-09-09 修回日期:2009-11-16 出版日期:2011-07-25 发布日期:2011-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 周志春

Growth and Wood Basic Density of Schima superba Plantation

Wang Xiuhua1, Ma Lizhen2, Ma Xuehong1, Chen Liuying2, Zhou Zhichun1   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, CAF Fuyang 311400;2. Extending Center for Forestry Science and Technology of Jian'ou City, Fujian Province Jian'ou 353100
  • Received:2009-09-09 Revised:2009-11-16 Online:2011-07-25 Published:2011-07-25

摘要:

在福建省建瓯市选取1968-1997年间营造的多片木荷纯林和荷杉混交林,系统研究坡位、坡向等生境条件及与杉木混交对木荷人工林生长和木材基本密度的影响。结果表明: 坡向和坡位对木荷生长和干形影响显著,但对木材基本密度影响较小。相对于阴坡和中坡,阳坡和下坡的木荷其树冠浓密、树高和冠幅生长量较大,干形略有改善,而阴坡因土壤水湿条件较好有利于木荷胸径的生长。与杉木按适当比例(如荷杉比为1 : 3)进行混交,可明显促进木荷胸径、树高和冠幅的生长,并改善了干形。通过比较表明: 木荷人工林分叉干发生的几率变化在22.50%~35.75%之间,且以0.5 m以下的1叉干为主; 对于地处阳坡和下坡的纯林及1 :3荷杉混交林,木荷分叉干发生几率相对较小; 相对于坡向,坡位对分叉干形成的影响较大。研究发现: 木荷人工林木材基本密度由髓心向树皮呈逐渐下降的趋势,15~20年生时开始明显减小,35~40年间达到最小值。木材基本密度从髓心向树皮下降的速度还随径生长量的增加而加快; 年轮宽度呈先变宽后变窄的趋势,5~15年为木荷人工林径生长的速生期。据此应选择土壤水肥、光照条件较好的阳坡和下坡林地营造木荷人工林,同时提倡以适当比例混交经营,加强幼林的抹芽除萌及中龄林的间伐抚育来促进木荷人工林的生长,抑制分叉干的形成,提高中后期的径生长及径向均一性,以实现木荷工艺用材林速生优质的培育目标。

关键词: 木荷, 人工林, 立地条件, 混交经营, 生长, 木材基本密度

Abstract:

Several Schima superba pure stands and S. superba-Chinese Fir mixed stands afforested during 1968-1997 were selected to study the effect of slope position, slope direction and mix planting with Chinese Fir on growth and wood basic density of S. superba plantation in Jian'ou, Fujian Province. The results revealed a significant effect of slope position and slope direction on the growth and stem form of S. superba, but lower effect on wood basic density. The increment of crown and height was enhanced, and stem form was improved at sunny slope and down-slope, compared with shady slope and mid-slope, whereas DBH increment was higher in shady slope with higher soil water content. When S. superba were mixed with Chinese Fir at appropriate ratio(such as the ratio of 1 :3), stem form and the growth of DBH, height and crown all were improved significantly. The probability of stem forking(SF) of S. superba was fluctuating within 22.50%-35.75%, which mainly was single fork lower than 0.5 m. In pure stands on sunny slope or down-slope and mixed stands(ratio of 1 :3), the probability of stem forking was lower. Moreover, slope position had larger influence on stem fork formation than slope direction. The wood basic density was gradually decreased from pith to bark, was decreased sharply from 15th to 20th rings, and reached the minimum during 35th to 40th rings. The reduction velocity of wood basic density from pith to bark was increased with the increasing of the diameter increment. The ring width was increased at first and followed by a reduction, with the largest wood formation speed during 5th to 15th rings. Accordingly, it was proposed that S. superba plantations should be build on sunny slope and down-slope which had better condition of water, fertility and light. Based on the result, mixed planting at appropriate ratio,enhancing removing buds and shoots of young stand as well as tending and thinning of middle-age stand was proposed to control the stem fork formation, improve the diameter growth and promote plantation productivity in medium-later period and radial homogeneity, and finally obtain the cultivation objective on fast-growing and high-quality craft timber stands.

Key words: Schima superba, plantation, site conditions, mixed planting, growth, wood basic density

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