基于水溶性多糖积累量的青钱柳叶用林优良家系筛选

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240737

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 聚焦青钱柳家系生长性状和叶水溶性多糖含量的变异规律，筛选适应性广、性状稳定的高多糖积累量的优良家系，为青钱柳叶用人工林的定向培育提供优良种质资源。方法: 以江西玉山、湖南石门和福建沙县3个试验点建立的11个青钱柳家系试验林为研究对象，测定其树高、地径、叶水溶性多糖含量、单株叶生物量和单株叶水溶性多糖积累量，分析青钱柳家系各性状的遗传参数；采用GGE双标图及多性状稳定性指数法分别对单株叶水溶性多糖积累量进行单指标和多指标综合评价，定向筛选高多糖积累量的优良家系。结果: 1）多年多点的试验结果表明，青钱柳家系的树高、地径、叶水溶性多糖含量及单株叶生物量存在极显著差异（P<0.01），且基因型与立地环境的交互作用显著，特别是叶水溶性多糖含量不仅受遗传和立地的影响而且与树龄的变化相关。2）遗传参数估计结果表明，青钱柳不同性状的遗传力存在明显差异，除地径遗传力较低（0.32）外，其他性状均有较高的遗传力。3）以青钱柳单株叶水溶性多糖积累量为定向筛选目标，通过GGE双标图分析、多性状稳定性指数评价，筛选出高产且稳定的2个青钱柳家系（JZS27和MC5）。结论: 青钱柳的生长性状、叶水溶性多糖含量及单株叶水溶性多糖积累量受立地环境与基因型共同作用，但不同性状遗传力存在明显差异，基于GGE双标图分析与多性状稳定性指数评价，筛选出适合不同区域青钱柳叶用人工林培育优良家系，为优质高效青钱柳叶用林的定向培育提供依据。

关键词: 青钱柳, 生长性状, 遗传参数, 多性状稳定性指数, 定向选育

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the genetic variation of growth traits and leaf water-soluble polysaccharides among eleven families of Cyclocarya paliurus, and select superior families with wide adaptability and stable traits, so as to provide high-quality germplasm materials for the oriented cultivation of C. paliurus leaf plantations. Method: Eleven trial plantations of C. paliurus families were established at three experimental sites in Yushan (Jiangxi Province), Shimen (Hunan Province), and Shaxian (Fujian Province). The tree height and ground diameter, leaf water-soluble polysaccharide content, leaf biomass production per plant, and leaf water-soluble polysaccharide accumulation per plant were determined for analyzing the genetic parameters of various traits in C. paliurus families. The GGE biplot analysis and multi-trait stability index (MTSI) were respectively used to comprehensively evaluate the accumulation of water-soluble polysaccharides in individual leaves using single and multiple indicators, and to directionally screen superior families with high polysaccharide accumulation. Result: 1) The results of experiments in multiple sites for many years showed that there existed the significant differences (P<0.01) in the tree height, ground diameter, leaf water-soluble polysaccharide content, and leaf biomass production among the tested families, and there were the significant interactions between plant genotypes and site environments. Especially, the leaf water-soluble polysaccharide content was not only influenced by genetics and site conditions, but also related to the tree age. 2) The results from the genetic parameter estimation revealed that there were noticeable differences in heritability of different traits in C. paliurus. Except for ground diameter with low heritability of 0.32, all other measured traits had high heritability. 3) Targeted on the high accumulation of leaf water-soluble polysaccharide per plant, two families (JZS27 and MC5) with high yield and stable yield were selected based on the GGE biplot analysis and multi-trait stability index. Conclusion: The growth traits, leaf water-soluble polysaccharide content, and accumulation of leaf water-soluble polysaccharide per plant in C. paliurus are influenced by both site environment and genotype, but there are significant variations in the heritability among different traits. Using GGE biplot analysis and MTSI, two superior families with the high accumulation of leaf water-soluble polysaccharide per plant, which are suitable for planting in different regions, have been successfully identified. Our results would provide an important basis for oriented cultivation of high-quality and efficient C. paliurus foliage use plantations.

Key words: Cyclocarya paliurus, growth trait, genetic parameters, multi-trait stability index, oriented selection

中图分类号:

S722.3

贺茜茜,杨万霞,尚旭岚,孙操稳,张雷,方升佐. 基于水溶性多糖积累量的青钱柳叶用林优良家系筛选[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(11): 24-34.

Qianqian He,Wanxia Yang,Xulan Shang,Caowen Sun,Lei Zhang,Shengzuo Fang. Selection of Superior Cyclocarya paliurus Families for Leaf Production Based on the Accumulation of Water-Soluble Polysaccharide[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(11): 24-34.

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因素Factor	指标Index	玉山 Yushan	石门 Shimen	沙县 Shaxian
地理位置 Geographic locations	经度Longitude（E）/(°)	118.25	111.38	117.78
	纬度Latitude（N）/(°)	28.68	29.59	26.40
	海拔Altitude/m	150~200	220~500	120~200
气候 Climate	年平均温度Annual mean temperature/℃	17.5	16.8	18.3
	年降水量Annual precipitation/mm	1 843	1 440	1 730
	无霜期Frost free period/d	260	270	290
	年日照时数Annual sunshine hours/h	1 700	1 600	1 750
土壤 Soil	土壤质地Soil texture	壤土Loam	壤土Loam	沙壤土Loamy sand
	pH	4.49	5.66	4.70
	土壤密度Soil bulk density/（g·cm^–3）	1.39	1.39	1.09

变异来源 Variance source	df	F
变异来源 Variance source	df	地径 Ground diameter	树高 Tree height	水溶性多糖含量 Water-soluble polysaccharide content
家系Family	10	3.440^**	6.058^**	2.660^**
试验点Site	2	75.385^**	72.284^**	3.499^*
树龄Tree age	1	330.343^**	210.390^**	107.402^**
家系×试验点Family×site	20	2.343^**	3.158^**	2.659^**
家系×树龄Family×tree age	10	0.098	0.648	2.268^*
试验点×树龄Site×tree age	2	18.279^**	4.304^*	0.250
家系×试验点×树龄Family×site×tree age	20	0.316	0.305	1.978^**

性状Trait	变异来源 Variance source	df	均方 Mean squre	F
单株叶生物量 Individual leaf biomass	家系Family	10	13922.146	5.423^**
	试验点Site	2	92722.334	36.118^**
	家系×试验点 Family×site	20	7627.996	2.971^**
	误差Error	99	2567.225
水溶性多糖单株积累量 Water-soluble polysaccharide individual accumulation	家系Family	10	21.619	8.152^**
	试验点Site	2	73.193	27.600^**
	家系×试验点 Family×site	20	10.067	3.796^**
	误差Error	99	2.652

性状 Traits	方差 Variance					遗传力 Heritability	变异系数 Variation coefficient
性状 Traits	$ {\sigma }_{\mathrm{G}}^{2} $	$ {\sigma }_{\mathrm{G}\mathrm{L}}^{2} $	$ {\sigma }_{\mathrm{G}\mathrm{Y}}^{2} $	$ {\sigma }_{\mathrm{G}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{Y}}^{2} $	$ {\sigma }_{\mathrm{E}}^{2} $	$ {H}_{rl} $	$ \mathrm{CV}\mathrm{_g} $（%）	$ \mathrm{CV_e} $（%）
树高 Tree height	217.945	497.156	0	0	1 718.828	0.48	95.55	17..37
地径 Ground diameter	2.088	5.546	0	4.233	45.656	0.32	22.23	16.00
水溶性多糖含量 Water-soluble polysaccharide content	13.497	34.024	0	0	18.170	0.51	12.84	14.90
单株叶生物量 Individual leaf biomass	524.503	1 265.177	0	0	2 567.232	0.45	19.32	42.74
水溶性多糖单株积累量 Accumulation of water-soluble polysaccharide per plant	0.936	1.945	0	0	2.574	0.52	27.41	45.45

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