8年生火力楠半同胞家系遗传评价与选育

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230577

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究火力楠生长指标和形质性状在不同半同胞家系间的遗传变异，探究遗传型和环境互作对火力楠生长发育的影响，筛选综合性状良好的半同胞家系，为火力楠优良品种选育提供重要遗传信息和育种材料。方法: 以采集自广东和广西等12个火力楠天然和次生林分的75个家系的种子为试验材料，于广东和福建两地采用随机区组设计建立半同胞家系测定林，在2年生和3年生时进行生长指标调查，4年生和8年生时进行生长指标和形质指标调查。利用ASReml v3.0软件分析2个试验点中75个家系的各指标均值和标准差、家系遗传力和B型相关值。以8年生性状遗传关联结果为参考，采用材积性状育种值和形质性状综合育种分别对广东和福建试验材料进行综合筛选。结果: 在各测定年龄，75个家系树高、胸径、材积、主干通直度、主干分叉性、侧枝粗细、侧枝分枝角和枝下高等性状上存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。2~8年生树高和胸径、8年生主干分叉性、8年生侧枝粗细、8年生侧枝分枝角和8年生枝下高在2个试验点中的家系遗传力均大于0.25，受遗传影响较大，具有一定选育潜力。B型相关分析结果显示，各性状受家系×环境效应影响为中等或较大，说明火力楠性状评价和遗传选育必须考虑遗传型和环境互作效应影响。Pearson 相关分析结果显示，家系树高、胸径与材积性状具有高度相关性，但与主干分叉性、侧枝粗细、侧枝分枝角存在负相关。经育种值筛选，在广东试验点获得综合性状优良家系1个（F44）、在福建试验点获得综合优良家系1个（F7）。结论: 所有性状在火力楠家系间均存在显著或极显著差异，各性状在地点间也存在显著差异，生长和形质指标变异受遗传型和环境互作效应影响较大，其中材积性状同时具有较大的表型变异系数和遗传变异系数，选育潜力较大。在2个试验点各选出1个综合性状优良的家系，分别为广东的F44和福建的F7。本研究结果可为今后火力楠主要性状的遗传评价提供重要信息，并对进一步多性状良种选育提供核心育种材料。

关键词: 火力楠, 半同胞家系, 生长性状, 形质性状, 家系遗传力, 综合选育

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, the genetic variation of growth and morphological traits among different half-sib families of Michelia macclurei was investigated. The purpose of the study is to explore the interactions between genotype and environment on the growth and development of M. macclurei, screen out half-sib families with excellent comprehensive traits, and provide important genetic information and breeding materials of M. macclurei. Method: In this study, seeds from 75 families were collected from 12 natural and secondary stands of M. macclurei in Guangdong and Guangxi. A random block design was used to establish a semi sibling pedigree test forest in Guangdong and Fujian. Indexes reflecting growth rates were measured at 2-year-old and 3-year-old, while both growth and morphological indexes were measured at 4-year-old and 8-year-old. The ASReml v3.0 software was utilized to analyze the mean and standard deviation of various indicators, as well as family heritability (narrow sense), and B-type correlation values for 75 families across two test sites. Based on the genetic correlation results of 8-year-old traits, the breeding value of volume traits and aggregate breeding value of morphology traits were used to selected superior families in Guangdong and Fujian respectively. Result: There were significant differences (P<0.01) in height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH), volume (VOL), straightness (SFS), trunk bifurcation (SFA), branch thickness (TPB), branch angle (APB), and stem height (HUB) among 75 families at different ages. The family heritability of H and DBH traits at 2–8 years old, SFA, TPB, APB and HUB at 8-year-old was all greater than 0.25, indicating that these traits are highly influenced by genetic factors and have potential for breeding improvement. However, the results of B-type correlation analysis showed that all traits were moderately or significantly affected by families and environment, indicating that the interaction of environment and genotype must be taken into account in character evaluation and genetic breeding of M. macclurei. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that H and DBH of the families were highly correlated with the VOL, but negatively correlated with SFA, SFS, TPB, and APB. By aggregate breeding values, one superior family (F44) was obtained from Guangdong experimental site and one superior family (F7) was obtained from Fujian experimental site. Conclusion: There are significant or extremely significant differences in all traits among the families of M. macclurei, and there are also significant differences among the traits among the sites, and the variation of growth and morphological indexes is greatly affected by the interaction of genotype and environment. Among them, volume traits have a large phenotypic variation coefficient (PVC) and genetic variation coefficient (GVC), and have a large breeding potential. One family with superior comprehensive traits has been selected in each of the two experimental sites, namely F44 from Guangdong and F7 from Fujian. This study provides important information for the genetic evaluation of the main traits of M. macclurei in the future, and provides core breeding materials for further multi-trait breeding.

Key words: Michelia macclurei, half-sib family, growth traits, phenotypic feature, family heritability, comprehensive traits selection

中图分类号:

姜清彬,孟景祥,李保军,陈海军,方碧江,郭朗,田生辉. 8年生火力楠半同胞家系遗传评价与选育[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(1): 104-114.

Qingbin Jiang,Jingxiang Meng,Baojun Li,Haijun Chen,Bijiang Fang,Lang Guo,Shenghui Tian. Genetic Evaluation and Selection of 8-Year-Old Semi-Sibling Family of Michelia macclurei[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(1): 104-114.

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序号 No.	采种地点 Seed collection site	东经 East longitude	北纬 North latitude	海拔 Altitude/m	家系数量 Number of families	家系编号 Number of family
1	广东信宜市 Xinyi, Guangdong	111°01′	22°35′	205	4	19~22
2	广东信宜市 Xinyi, Guangdong	110°46′	22°27′	257	13	2、3、6、7、9~17
3	广东高州市 Gaozhou, Guangdong	110°44′	22°05	74	9	25、26、29、33、34、36、38、40、130
4	广东高州市 Gaozhou, Guangdong	111°18′	22°14′	413	6	44、45、47~50
5	广东云浮市 Yunfu, Guangdong	112°12′	22°59′	146	3	131~133
6	广西钦州市 Qinzhou, Guangxi	109°27′	22°07′	60	4	63~66
7	广西博白县 Bobai, Guangxi	109°37′	22°12′	91	4	123、126~128
8	广西博白县 Bobai, Guangxi	109°44′	21°56′	161	6	115~120
9	广西容县 Rongxian, Guangxi	110°42′	22°30′	188	9	90、92~96、110-112
10	广西容县 Rongxian, Guangxi	110°24′	22°59′	254	8	98、100、102、104~108
11	广西上思县 Shangsi, Guangxi	107°52′	22°04′	284	4	71、74、75、78
12	广西凭祥市 Pingxiang, Guangxi	106°46′	22°07′	411	5	79、82、84、88、89

性状 Traits	指标 Indicators	级数值 Grading scores
性状 Traits	指标 Indicators	6	5	4	3	2	1
SFS	树干弯曲程度 Trunk bending degree	完全通直 Completely straight	大致通直 Roughly straight	主干弯曲点在3/4处以上 The bending point of the trunk is above 3/4	主干弯曲点在 2/4~3/4处 The bending point of the trunk is 2/4?3/4	主干弯曲点在1/4~2/4处 The bending point of the trunk is 1/4?2/4	主干弯曲点在1/4以下 The bending point of trunk is below 1/4
SFA	主干分叉程度 Degree of trunk bifurcation	无分叉 No bifurcation	分叉点在3/4以上 The bifurcation point is above 3/4	分叉点在2/4~3/4处 The bifurcation point is 2/4?3/4	分叉点在1/4~2/4处 The bifurcation point is 1/4?2/4	分叉点在 1/4以下 The bifurcation point is below 1/4	从基部开始有分叉 Bifurcated from the base
DPB	侧枝密度 Lateral branch density	?	?	大于30 cm More than 30 cm	不均匀且多数约为30 cm Uneven and mostly about 30 cm	不均匀且多数约为15 cm Uneven and mostly about 15 cm	较均匀且不大于15 cm More uniform and not more than 15 cm
TPB	侧枝直径与邻近主干直径的比值 Ratio of lateral branch diameter to adjacent trunk diamete	?	?	全部小于1/4 All less than 1/4	全部不大于1/3 All not more than 1/3	有1~3个大于1/3 One or three of them are more than 1/3	有3个以上大于1/3 More than 1/3 have more than 3

项目 Item	均值统计 Statistics of average value			均方 Mean square
项目 Item	均值±标准差 Mean±SD	PCV (%)	GCV (%)	区组 Block	家系 Family	家系×区组 Family× block	残差 Residual
2a-H	1.25±0.45	36.00	11.39	6.03**	0.75**	0.32**	0.18
3a-H	2.64±0.83	31.44	8.44	27.45**	2.14**	1.09**	0.63
4a-H	4.03±0.9	22.33	6.91	80.59**	2.91**	1.46**	0.63
8a-H	9.38±1.57	16.74	5.46	52.15**	10.12**	5.59**	2.33
3a-DBH	2.21±0.96	43.44	15.17	40.61**	4.05**	1.68**	0.87
4a-DBH	4.71±1.65	35.03	13.82	83.71**	12.35**	3.78**	2.69
8a-DBH	12.71±3.64	28.64	8.94	206.21**	40.13**	16.00**	11.18
3a-VOL	0.001 1±0.000 9	81.81	20.19	0.000 022**	0.000 003**	0.000 002	0.000 001
4a-VOL	0.004 4±0.003 0	68.72	19.09	0.000 426**	0.000 028**	0.000 012**	0.000 007
8a-VOL	0.051±0.025	49.51	13.08	0.000 791**	0.000 173**	0.000 094**	0.000 051
4a-SFA	3.95±1.16	29.37	3.03	5.27**	1.54**	1.41**	0.87
8a-SFA	3.79±1.54	40.63	10.47	9.84**	5.93**	2.92**	2.07
4a-SFS	4.81±0.41	8.52	2.73	2.14**	0.64**	0.31	0.24
8a-SFS	4.1±0.72	17.56	5.01	6.73**	2.00**	1.04**	0.54
4a-TPB	2.34±0.71	30.34	6.17	16.41**	1.20**	0.65**	0.47
8a-TPB	2.66±0.99	37.22	8.56	6.48**	3.09**	2.08*	0.70
4a-DPB	2.05±0.4	19.51	3.65	2.52**	0.74**	0.56**	0.28
8a-DPB	2.04±0.92	45.10	9.02	14.57**	1.97**	1.24**	0.48
8a-HUB	2.86±1.02	35.66	4.73	37.01**	2.35**	1.60**	0.75

项目 Item	均值统计 Statistics of average value			均方 Mean square
项目 Item	均值±标准差 Mean±SD	PCV (%)	GCV (%)	区组 Block	家系 Family	家系×区组 Family× block	残差 Residual
2a-H	1.11±0.40	36.04	7.69	0.0000	0.63**	0.55**	0.15
3a-H	2.08±0.64	30.77	5.16	6.17*	1.32**	1.05**	0.33
4a-H	3.69±0.92	24.93	5.17	15.45**	3.72**	2.76**	0.62
8a-H	9.75±1.65	16.92	3.26	105.32**	14.12**	10.46**	1.72
3a-DBH	1.25±0.74	59.20	9.36	7.60**	1.56**	1.09**	0.50
4a-DBH	3.95±1.39	35.64	8.49	21.64**	8.78**	5.73**	1.52
8a-DBH	12.16±3.03	24.92	5.74	327.21**	29.73**	18.44**	7.87
3a-VOL	0.0004±0.0004	92.33	13.34	0.000002**	0.000000**	0.000000**	0.000000
4a-VOL	0.0034±0.0026	76.47	15.47	0.000011**	0.000003**	0.000002**	0.000001
8a-VOL	0.0534±0.0271	50.75	10.61	0.000104**	0.000037**	0.000023**	0.000006
4a-SFA	4.49±1.17	26.06	4.27	20.09**	2.82**	2.18**	1.27
8a-SFA	3.94±1.45	36.8	9.64	11.55**	5.87**	2.49	2.05
4a-SFS	5.26±0.68	12.93	2.10	15.39**	0.71**	0.54	0.45
8a-SFS	4.62±1.02	22.08	7.43	32.97**	3.16**	2.06**	0.71
4a-TPB	2.3±0.62	26.96	3.76	5.11**	0.85**	0.83**	0.34
8a-TPB	2.51±0.99	39.44	13.21	158.94**	3.62**	2.22**	0.58
4a-DPB	2.35±0.57	24.26	4.39	4.71**	0.80**	0.73**	0.29
8a-DPB	2.26±0.93	41.15	5.24	147.96**	1.97*	2.2	0.85
8a-HUB	2.74±1.3	47.45	11.12	15.52**	9.12**	5.75	1.43

项目 Item	均方 Mean square						F值 F value
项目 Item	地点 Site	区组 Block	家系 Family	地点×家系 Site×family	区组×家系 Block×family	残差 Residual	地点 Site	区组 Block	家系 Family	地点×家系 Site×family	区组×家系 Block×family
2a-H	23.13	4.52	0.83	0.56	0.38	0.17	136.81**	26.73**	4.89**	3.29**	2.22**
3a-H	298.99	16.88	2.04	1.47	1.07	0.47	636.44**	35.94**	4.34**	3.13**	2.28**
4a-H	96.65	48.18	4.36	2.26	2.16	0.63	154.45**	76.99**	6.97**	3.61**	3.45**
8a-H	226.60	75.52	15.92	8.05	8.21	1.95	115.94**	38.64**	8.15**	4.12**	4.20**
3a-DBH	805.51	24.28	3.17	2.45	1.36	0.68	1184.15**	35.70**	4.66**	3.61**	2.00**
4a-DBH	759.84	52.61	14.81	6.17	4.85	2.06	368.43**	25.51**	7.18**	2.99**	2.35**
8a-DBH	178.60	258.93	49.51	18.63	16.73	9.12	19.59**	28.40**	5.43**	2.04	1.83**
3a-VOL	0.000373	0.000012	0.000002	0.000002	0.000001	0.000001	595.25**	19.23**	2.8**	2.71**	1.56
4a-VOL	0.001317	0.000250	0.000031	0.000020	0.000014	0.000005	265.32**	50.48**	6.21**	3.97**	2.86**
8a-VOL	0.003314	0.016161	0.002958	0.001300	0.001386	0.000481	6.89**	33.58**	6.15**	2.70**	2.88**
4a-SFA	223.11	11.53	3.16	1.21	1.74	1.05	211.93**	10.95**	3.00**	1.15	1.66**
8a-SFA	8.23	10.48	8.72	2.87	2.57	1.95	4.22	5.37**	4.47**	1.47*	1.32**
4a-SFS	122.88	8.74	0.87	0.48	0.42	0.33	372.39**	26.50**	2.63**	1.44	1.26**
8a-SFS	125.85	15.83	3.30	1.83	1.34	0.58	217.61**	27.37**	5.70**	3.16**	2.32**
4a-TPB	2.30	9.97	1.28	0.77	0.69	0.37	6.14*	26.67**	3.41**	2.06**	1.84**
8a-TPB	18.30	46.94	4.30	2.48	1.60	0.51	18.30**	46.94**	4.30**	2.48**	1.60**
4a-DPB	40.49	1.98	0.58	0.84	0.48	0.24	168.62**	8.24**	2.41**	3.52**	1.99**
8a-DPB	81.83	31.35	1.54	1.63	1.01	0.35	235.42**	90.21**	4.43**	4.68**	2.91**
8a-HUB	13.09	25.46	6.44	5.11	3.97	1.05	12.52**	24.34**	6.16**	4.89**	3.79**