昆嵛山赤松天然次生林群落植物物种与赤松枯梢病的关联性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210712

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 明确赤松枯梢病与乔木层、灌木层和草本层植物物种的关联性，筛选与赤松枯梢病呈显著关联的植物物种，为通过林分内植物物种组成改造来调控赤松枯梢病提供技术支持。方法: 以昆嵛山赤松天然次生林群落为研究对象，设置120块临时样地进行乔木层、灌木层和草本层植物物种以及赤松枯梢病病情调查，计算各植物物种重要值，应用方差比率法检验赤松枯梢病病情指数与植物物种总体关联性，利用Pearson相关分析和Spearman秩相关分析定量判定病情-植物物种间的关联性。结果: 赤松枯梢病病情与乔灌草植物物种总体关联性均为显著正关联（P < 0.05）。Pearson相关性分析发现赤松枯梢病病情与乔木层赤松和黑松，灌木层胡枝子以及草本层白茅、败酱、宽蕊地榆、木防己、茜草、射干、狭叶珍珠菜、野菊、野青茅和紫花地丁呈显著或极显著正关联（P < 0.05）；与乔木层麻栎、山槐、栓皮栎和盐肤木，灌木层大花溲疏和葎叶蛇葡萄，以及草本层灯心草、鹅绒藤、毛秆野古草、香茶菜、杏叶沙参呈显著或极显著负关联（P < 0.05）。Spearman秩相关分析发现赤松枯梢病与乔木层赤松和黑松、灌木层胡枝子和紫穗槐以及草本层白茅、败酱、桔梗、宽蕊地榆、木防己、茜草、射干、狭叶珍珠菜、野菊、野青茅和紫花地丁呈显著或极显著正关联（P < 0.05）；与乔木层麻栎、山槐、栓皮栎、水榆花楸和盐肤木，灌木层大果榆、大花溲疏、葎叶蛇葡萄、小花扁担杆和郁李以及草本层灯心草、鹅绒藤、毛秆野古草、香茶菜、杏叶沙参和鸭跖草为显著或极显著负关联（P < 0.05）。2种分析方法结果具有一致性，也存在一定差异，Spearman秩相关分析结果较Pearson相关分析结果更为灵敏。结论: 昆嵛山赤松天然次生林群落中的植物物种与赤松枯梢病形成了稳定的共存状态，其中13种植物物种与赤松枯梢病病情指数呈正关联趋于共存，对赤松枯梢病流行具有促进作用；9种植物物种与赤松枯梢病病原菌呈负关联难以共存，对赤松枯梢病发生发展具有抑制作用。因此，可通过调整林分结构，减少植物群落中与赤松枯梢病病原菌共存植物物种，或增加与赤松枯梢病病原菌难以共存植物物种，达到赤松枯梢病生态调控的目的。

关键词: 赤松, 枯梢病, 植物物种, 种间关联性

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to clarify the correlation between shoot blight of Pinus densiflora and plant species in the layer of arbor,shrub and herb,and screen plant species significantly correlated with shoot blight of P. densiflora,so as to provide technical support for controlling shoot blight of P. densiflora through the transformation of plant species composition in the stand. Method: A total of 120 temporary sample plots were set up in the natural secondary forest community of Japanese red pine in Kunyu Mountains to investigate the plant species of arbors,shrubs,herbs and the disease index of shoot blight of P. densiflora. Then the important values of plant species were calculated,and the variance ratio analysis was used to test the correlation between plant species and shoot blight of P. densiflora,and Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used to quantitatively determine the correlation between disease and plant species. Result: There was a significantly positive correlation between the disease index of P. densiflora shoot blight and the overall association of the neighboring arbors,shrubs and herbs (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the disease index of P. densiflora shoot blight was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with arbors-P. densiflora and P. thunbergii,shrub-Lespedeza bicolor and herbs-Imperata cylindrica,Patrinia scabiosifolia,Sanguisorba applanata,Cocculus orbiculatus,Rubia cordifolia,Belamcanda chinensis,Lysimachia pentapetala,Chrysanthemum indicum,Deyeuxia pyramidalis and Viola philippica (P < 0.05). Whereas there was a significant or extremely significant negative correlation with arbors-Quercus acutissima,Albizia kalkora,Quercus variabilis and Rhus chinensis,shrubs-Deutzia grandiflora and Ampelopsis humulifolia,herbs-Juncus effusus,Arundinella hirta and Adenophora petiolata subsp. hunanensis (P < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation analysis found that the disease of P. densiflora shoot blight was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with arbors-P. densiflora and P. thunbergii,shrubs-Lespedeza bicolor and Amorpha fruticosa and herbs-Imperata cylindrica,Patrinia scabiosifolia,Platycodon grandiflorus,Sanguisorba applanata,Cocculus orbiculatus,Rubia cordifolia,Belamcanda chinensis,Lysimachia pentapetala,Chrysanthemum indicum,Deyeuxia pyramidalis and Viola philippica (P < 0.05) , while significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with arbors-Quercus acutissima,Albizia kalkora,Quercus variabilis,Sorbus alnifolia and Rhus chinensis,shrubs-Ulmus macrocarpa,Deutzia grandiflora,Ampelopsis humulifolia,Grewia biloba var. parviflora and Cerasus japonica and herbs-Juncus effusus,Cynanchum chinense,Arundinella hirta,Isodon amethystoides,Adenophora petiolata subsp. hunanensis and Commelina communis (P < 0.05). The results of the two analysis methods were partially consistent,with some differences. Relatively,Spearman rank correlation analysis was more sensitive than Pearson correlation analysis. Conclusion: Plant species in the natural secondary forest community P. densiflora in Kunyu Mountains form a stable coexistence state with P. densiflora shoot bligh. Among them,13 plant species are positively correlated with the the disease index of P. densiflora shoot blight and tend to coexist,which can promote the epidemic of P. densiflora shoot blight. And nine plant species are negetively correlated with the disease,and difficult to co-exist with the pathogen,which inhibit the occurrence and development of P. densiflora shoot blight. Therefore,the purpose of ecological regulation of P. densiflora shoot blight can be achieved by adjusting stand structure to reduce plant species that coexist with the pathogen of P. densiflora shoot blight in plant communities,or increase plant species that are difficult to coexist with the pathogen.

Key words: Pinus densiflora, shoot blight, plant species, interspecific correlation

中图分类号:

S763.1

程元,梁军,谢宪,姜斌,冯琳,孙国文,张星耀. 昆嵛山赤松天然次生林群落植物物种与赤松枯梢病的关联性[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(7): 111-120.

Yuan Cheng,Jun Liang,Xian Xie,Bin Jiang,Lin Feng,Guowen Sun,Xingyao Zhang. Correlation between Plant Species in the Natural Secondary Forest Community of Kunyu Mountains and Shoot Blight of Pinus densiflora[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(7): 111-120.

图/表 4

表1

表2

表3

病情指数的Pearson和Spearman秩相关系数"

灌木Shrub	IV	R_P	R_S
花木蓝Indigofera kirilowii	38.210	0.027	-0.037
胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor	17.097	0.259^**	0.265^**
大花溲疏Deutzia grandiflora	7.324	-0.192^*	-0.206^*
郁李Cerasus japonica	7.303	-0.158	-0.237^**
小花扁担杆Grewia biloba var. parviflora	6.348	-0.071	-0.241^**
青花椒Zanthoxylum schinifolium	4.632	-0.088	0.080
紫穗槐Amorpha fruticosa	2.608	0.155	0.243^**
南蛇藤Celastrus orbiculatus	1.797	0.104	0.075
三桠乌药Lindera obtusiloba	1.710	-0.143	-0.167
菝葜Smilax china	1.606	-0.139	-0.139
葎叶蛇葡萄Ampelopsis humulifolia	1.551	-0.233^*	-0.255^**
华东菝葜Smilax sieboldii	1.345	-0.078	-0.042
茅莓Rubus parvifolius	0.958	-0.099	-0.140
野蔷薇Rosa multiflora	0.800	-0.133	-0.127
宜昌荚蒾Viburnum erosum	0.730	-0.043	0.010
垂丝卫矛Euonymus oxyphyllus	0.600	-0.014	-0.017
多腺悬钩子Rubus phoenicolasius	0.507	-0.124	-0.137
山杏Armeniaca sibirica	0.434	-0.149	-0.167
鼠李Rhamnus davurica	0.433	0.066	-0.002
大果榆Ulmus macrocarpa	0.423	-0.139	-0.230^*
女贞Ligustrum lucidum	0.383	-0.072	-0.061
毛樱桃Cerasus tomentosa	0.378	-0.057	0.036
山胡椒Lindera glauca	0.371	-0.003	-0.042
杭子梢Campylotropis macrocarpa	0.361	0.124	0.159
一叶萩Flueggea suffruticosa	0.293	-0.095	-0.089
忍冬Lonicera japonica	0.279	0.049	-0.063
杜鹃Rhododendron simsii	0.197	-0.056	-0.103
葛Pueraria montana	0.181	-0.059	-0.080
山葡萄Vitis amurensis	0.162	-0.125	-0.129
野线麻Boehmeria japonica	0.147	-0.105	-0.105
构树Broussonetia papyrifera	0.146	-0.019	-0.003
紫珠Callicarpa bodinieri	0.111	0.066	0.069
玉兰Yulania denudata	0.076	-0.026	-0.027
迎春花Jasminum nudiflorum	0.072	0.118	0.106
紫荆Cercis chinensis	0.072	0.000	0.012
艾纳香Blumea balsamifera	0.071	-0.105	-0.105
刺五加Eleutherococcus senticosus	0.071	0.118	0.106
栾树Koelreuteria paniculata	0.071	-0.105	-0.105
蒙桑Morus mongolica	0.071	0.066	0.069
桑Morus alba	0.071	0.000	0.012

表3

表4

草木物种重要值及其与赤松枯梢病病情指数的Pearson和Spearman秩相关系数"

草本Herb	IV	R_P	R_S
大披针苔草Carex lanceolata	24.191	0.136	0.120
白茅Imperata cylindrica	11.307	0.501^**	0.480^**
宽蕊地榆Sanguisorba applanata	10.631	0.361^**	0.357^**
蕨Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum	9.131	0.131	0.067
芒Miscanthus sinensis	6.688	0.035	-0.071
鸭跖草Commelina communis	5.326	-0.088	-0.244^**
灯心草Juncus effusus	3.697	-0.261^**	-0.242^**
野青茅Deyeuxia pyramidalis	3.120	0.419^**	0.436^**
杏叶沙参Adenophora petiolata subsp.hunanensis	2.941	-0.222^*	-0.200^*
败酱Patrinia scabiosifolia	2.638	0.471^**	0.551^**
野菊Chrysanthemum indicum	2.146	0.440^**	0.524^**
木防己Cocculus orbiculatus	2.077	0.323^**	0.365^**
叉分蓼Polygonum divaricatum	1.609	-0.165	-0.176
狭叶珍珠菜Lysimachia pentapetala	1.460	0.254^**	0.210^*
桔梗Platycodon grandiflorus	1.135	0.174	0.266^**
徐长卿Cynanchum paniculatum	0.856	-0.099	-0.101
求米草Oplismenus undulatifolius	0.831	0.037	0.064
如意草Viola arcuata	0.620	-0.144	-0.051
阿拉伯黄背草Themeda triandra	0.589	0.067	0.094
毛秆野古草Arundinella anomala	0.574	-0.209^*	-0.218^*
紫花地丁Viola philippica	0.535	0.252^**	0.284^**
苣荬菜Sonchus wightianus	0.425	-0.035	0.117
费菜Phedimus aizoon	0.415	-0.178	-0.165
茜草Rubia cordifolia	0.396	0.246^**	0.224^*
射干Belamcanda chinensis	0.348	0.180^*	0.206^*
鹅绒藤Cynanchum chinense	0.332	-0.128	-0.184^*
沙参Adenophora stricta	0.312	-0.069	-0.080
天门冬Asparagus cochinchinensis	0.312	-0.096	-0.088
鬼针草Bidens pilosa	0.309	-0.088	0.049
麦冬Ophiopogon japonicus	0.290	-0.113	-0.156
瓦松Orostachys fimbriata	0.258	0.008	0.017
小蓬草Erigeron canadensis	0.247	0.052	0.147
石竹Dianthus chinensis	0.242	-0.043	-0.074
苍术Atractylodes Lancea	0.204	0.096	0.018
香茶菜Isodon amethystoides	0.197	-0.155	-0.206^*
铁线莲Clematis florida	0.192	0.158	0.109
长蕊石头花Gypsophila oldhamiana	0.169	0.011	0.074
狼尾花Lysimachia barystachys	0.168	-0.109	-0.094
轮叶党参Codonopsis lanceolata	0.159	0.123	0.137
八宝Hylotelephium erythrostictum	0.156	-0.028	0.015
艾Artemisia argyi	0.143	0.089	-0.008
萝藦Metaplexis japonica	0.141	0.134	0.160
黄瓜假还阳参Crepidiastrum denticulatum	0.137	0.081	0.099
穿山薯蓣Discorea nipponica	0.134	-0.019	-0.020
商陆Phytolacca acinosa	0.125	-0.105	-0.105
有斑百合Lilium concolor var. pulchellum	0.125	0.023	0.032
山姜Alpinia japonica	0.095	0.026	0.052
香青Anaphalis sinica	0.090	-0.094	-0.088
白莲蒿Artemisia stechmanniana	0.089	-0.128	-0.149
地胆草Elephantopus scaber	0.089	-0.046	-0.080
玉竹Polygonatum odoratum	0.085	0.059	0.092
孩儿参Pseudostellaria heterophylla	0.064	-0.105	-0.105
铃兰Convallaria majalis	0.064	0.000	0.012
藿香Agastache rugosa	0.060	-0.118	-0.137
小红菊Chrysanthemum chanetii	0.060	0.079	0.077
紫参Rubia yunnanensis	0.058	-0.092	-0.081
荻Miscanthus sacchariflorus	0.056	-0.026	-0.027
何首乌Fallopia multiflora	0.056	-0.105	-0.105
马兰Aster indicus	0.056	-0.132	-0.154
刺儿菜Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium	0.052	0.105	0.098
大丁草Gerbera anandria	0.050	-0.105	-0.105
狗娃花Aster hispidus	0.049	0.118	0.106
透骨草Phryma leptostachya subsp. asiatica	0.049	0.145	0.137
栝楼Trichosanthes kirilowii	0.048	-0.013	-0.009
茅叶荩草Arthraxon prionodes	0.048	-0.118	-0.137
牡蒿Artemisia japonica	0.047	0.066	0.069
獐牙菜Swertia bimaculata	0.047	-0.092	-0.081
北柴胡Bupleurum chinense	0.046	-0.040	-0.044
麦瓶草Silene conoidea	0.046	0.066	0.069
山芹Ostericum sieboldii	0.046	-0.118	-0.137
苋Amaranthus tricolor	0.046	0.133	0.127
车轴草Galium odoratum	0.044	-0.105	-0.105
点地梅Androsace umbellata	0.044	0.131	0.118
芥菜Brassica juncea	0.044	-0.118	-0.137
蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum	0.044	0.118	0.106
千里光Senecio scandens	0.044	0.118	0.106
野草莓Fragaria vesca	0.044	0.133	0.127
防风Saposhnikovia divaricata	0.042	-0.105	-0.105
华东蓝刺头Echinops grijsii	0.041	0.105	0.098
香丝草Erigeron bonariensis	0.041	-0.040	-0.044
星宿菜Lysimachia fortunei	0.041	-0.105	-0.105
烟管头草Carpesium cernuum	0.041	-0.013	-0.009

表4

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病级 Disease grade	代表值 Representative value	植株分级标准 Plant classification standard
Ⅰ	0	健康无病No disease symptoms
Ⅱ	1	25%以下枝梢发病 Infected branches are less than 25%
Ⅲ	2	25%~50%枝梢发病 Infected branches are 25%-50%
Ⅳ	3	50%~75%枝梢发病 Infected branches are 50%-75%
Ⅴ	4	75%以上枝梢发病 Infected branches are more than 75%

乔木Arbor	IV	R_P	R_S
赤松Pinus densiflora	52.598	0.235^**	0.334^**
黑松Pinus thunbergii	13.557	0.660^**	0.492^**
麻栎Quercus acutissima	12.000	-0.411^**	-0.420^**
栓皮栎Quercus variabilis	9.280	-0.448^**	-0.557^**
山槐Albizia kalkora	3.779	-0.424^**	-0.524^**
刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia	2.835	-0.174	0.078
盐肤木Rhus chinensis	1.417	-0.284^**	-0.304^**
华山松Pinus armandii	1.413	0.057	-0.036
杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata	0.573	-0.082	-0.003
臭椿Ailanthus altissima	0.487	-0.126	-0.073
水榆花楸Sorbus alnifolia	0.427	-0.156	-0.235^**
枹栎Quercus serrata	0.283	0.122	0.118
楸Catalpa bungei	0.260	-0.093	-0.083
日本落叶松Larix kaempferi	0.208	0.099	0.110
猫乳Rhamnella franguloides	0.135	-0.136	-0.132
合欢Albizia julibrissin	0.128	0.056	0.077
山樱花Cerasus serrulata	0.127	-0.140	-0.132
栗Castanea mollissima	0.086	0.133	0.127
柳杉Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis	0.078	0.133	0.127
火炬松Pinus taeda	0.071	0.133	0.127
水杉Metasequoia glyptostroboides	0.068	0.066	0.069
白檀Symplocos paniculata	0.064	-0.105	-0.105
豆梨Pyrus calleryana	0.064	-0.118	-0.137
榆树Ulmus pumila	0.063	-0.118	-0.137

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