短日照和灌溉处理对华北落叶松苗木质量和夏季造林效果的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210386

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究短日照与灌溉处理对华北落叶松苗木生物量和碳分配以及夏季造林成活率的影响, 为完善苗木质量调控理论和技术提供参考。方法: 采用双因素试验设计, 设置自然光照(ND)和10 h短日照(SD)2种光照处理, 在7月初将苗木从温室移至户外大棚下进行为期3周的处理, 即3种灌溉处理(育苗基质含水量分别降至饱和含水量的40%、60%、80%后再次灌溉至饱和), 然后于7月23日进行夏季造林, 调查苗木出圃时的形态与生理特征, 以及造林2年后苗木田间成活率。结果: 自然光照下苗木的顶芽形成率为26%, 短日照处理下可达66%, 短日照处理显著促进了华北落叶松苗木的顶芽形成率; 短日照处理略促进根系淀粉的贮藏(P=0.068);40%灌溉处理显著促进苗木生物量向根系分配(P＜0.001)。自然光照下, 夏季造林当年生长季末成活率达82%, 短日照处理下为92%。这表明10 h短日照处理提高了苗木顶芽形成率与根系淀粉浓度, 提高了其抗机械破坏能力。综合来看, 短日照处理结合40%或60%灌溉处理在造林第2年底保存率最高(达60%以上)。结论: 夏季7月初, 采用3周10 h短日照处理结合饱和含水量40%~60%, 灌溉处理有助于提高华北落叶松夏季造林成活率与造林第2年保存率。苗木茎根和根系碳贮藏库的增加是夏季造林苗木质量得以提高的生理基础。

关键词: 短日照, 灌溉处理, 华北落叶松, 夏季造林, 碳分配, 淀粉

Abstract:

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of watering regimes and photoperiod manipulations of acclimation treatments on seedling morphology and physiology attributes in the nursery and field performance of Larix principis-rupprechtii. Method: We applied three watering regimes at 40%, 60%, 80%(control) of container capacity (CC) combined with two photoperiod manipulations at natural daylength (ND) and 10-hour (10 h) daylength (SD) in the nursery for three weeks during summer and then outplanted in late-July (July 23rd).We measured seedling morphological and physiological attributes in the nursery.Additionally, we measured field survival for two years. Result: Compared to ND, SD significantly induced seedling bud set (66% vs.26%).Reduced photoperiod slightly increased root starch concentration (P=0.068).Watering regime to CC 40% significantly decreased shoot to root ratio (S/R)(P < 0.001) and accelerated shoot starch converted into soluble sugars.Compared to ND, SD significantly improved field survival at the end of the first growing season (92% vs.82%).This suggested that photoperiod manipulation at 10 h daylength increased root starch concentration and bud set, which strengthened seedling hardness.SD combined with CC 40% and CC 60% treatments improved field survival (above 60%) at the end of the second growing season. Conclusion: Photoperiod manipulation at 10 h daylength combined with watering regimes at 40%-60% increased field survival of Larix principis-rupprechtii seedlings at the end of the first and second growing season.The study reveals the vital role of seedling carbon storage and S/R in seedling quality for summer-planted seedlings.

Key words: photoperiod manipulations, watering regime, Larix principis-rupprechtii, summer planting, carbon partitioning, starch

中图分类号:

S718.43

罗娜,曲睿婕,李国雷,孟路,韩冷,郭桂凤,马凤原,王佳茜. 短日照和灌溉处理对华北落叶松苗木质量和夏季造林效果的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(1): 90-98.

Na Luo,Ruijie Qu,Guolei Li,Lu Meng,Leng Han,Guifeng Guo,Fengyuan Ma,Jiaxi Wang. Effects of Photoperiod Manipulations and Watering Regimes on Seedling Quality and Field Performance of Summer-Planted Larix principis-rupprechtii[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(1): 90-98.

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变异来源 Sources	水平 Levels	顶芽形成率 Bud set/(%)	地径 RCD/mm	苗高 Height/cm	干质量Mass/g			茎根比 S/R
变异来源 Sources	水平 Levels	顶芽形成率 Bud set/(%)	地径 RCD/mm	苗高 Height/cm	根Root	地上部分Shoot	单株Plant	茎根比 S/R
光照处理 Photoperiod(P)	ND	26.33 ± 2.4b	2.19 ± 0.03	13.98 ± 0.2	0.14 ± 0.01	0.39 ± 0.01	0.53 ± 0.02	2.78 ± 0.06
	SD	66.11 ± 2.5a	2.25 ± 0.04	13.93 ± 0.18	0.13 ± 0.00	0.37 ± 0.01	0.51 ± 0.02	2.80 ± 0.06
	P	< 0.001	0.257	0.966	0.292	0.376	0.338	0.797
灌溉处理 Watering regime(W)	80%	48.25 ± 3.32	2.26 ± 0.05	13.97 ± 0.24	0.14 ± 0.01	0.38 ± 0.02	0.52 ± 0.02	2.89 ± 0.09a
	60%	45.74 ± 3.34	2.23 ± 0.04	13.93 ± 0.23	0.14 ± 0.01	0.39 ± 0.02	0.53 ± 0.03	2.91 ± 0.06a
	40%	46.56 ± 3.18	2.18 ± 0.05	13.96 ± 0.23	0.14 ± 0.00	0.37 ± 0.01	0.51 ± 0.02	2.58 ± 0.05b
	0.001	P	0.717	0.329	0.991	0.722	0.631	0.881
光照处理×灌溉处理P×W	P	0.938	0.096	0.495	0.409	0.637	0.555	0.519

变量Variables	变异来源Sources	根Root	地上部分Shoot	单株Plant
可溶性糖质量分数 SS mass fraction	光照处理Photoperiod(P)	0.153	0.018	0.035
	灌溉处理Watering regime(W)	0.852	0.010	0.081
	光照处理×灌溉处理P×W	0.704	0.108	0.335
淀粉质量分数 Starch mass fraction	光照处理Photoperiod(P)	0.069	0.641	0.259
	灌溉处理Watering regime(W)	0.904	0.009	0.056
	光照处理×灌溉处理P×W	0.182	0.956	0.801
非结构性碳水化合物质量分数 TNC mass fraction	光照处理Photoperiod(P)	0.878	0.419	0.64
	灌溉处理Watering regime(W)	0.84	0.173	0.384
	光照处理×灌溉处理P×W	0.317	0.699	0.455
单株可溶性糖含量 Individual SS content	光照处理Photoperiod(P)	0.209	0.085	0.101
	灌溉处理Watering regime(W)	0.787	0.839	0.793
	光照处理×灌溉处理P×W	0.999	0.725	0.878
单株淀粉含量 Individual starch content	光照处理Photoperiod(P)	0.37	0.842	0.854
	灌溉处理Watering regime(W)	0.954	0.074	0.251
	光照处理×灌溉处理P×W	0.378	0.994	0.9
单株非结构性碳水化合物含量 Individual TNC content	光照处理Photoperiod(P)	0.708	0.32	0.414
	灌溉处理Watering regime(W)	0.858	0.562	0.838
	光照处理×灌溉处理P×W	0.801	0.929	0.884

处理 Treatments	氮质量分数N mass fraction/(mg·g^-1)		磷质量分数P mass fraction/(mg·g^-1)		钾质量分数K mass fraction/(mg·g^-1)
处理 Treatments	针叶Needle	整株Plant	针叶Needle	整株Plant	针叶Needle	整株Plant
CK	15.6 ± 0.2b	13.3 ± 0.2bc	3.8 ± 0.2	4.8 ± 0.1b	17.0 ± 0.2c	16.9 ± 0.2cd
ND - 60%	17.0 ± 0.3ab	14.7 ± 0.3abc	4.4 ± 0.3	5.5 ± 0.2ab	19.7 ± 1.1bc	18.5 ± 0.6bc
ND - 40%	17.5 ± 0.5ab	14.9 ± 0.6ab	3.7 ± 0.1	5.9 ± 0.3a	21.6 ± 1.6ab	20.5 ± 1.1ab
SD - 80%	17.3 ± 0.6ab	14.8 ± 0.4ab	4.6 ± 0.2	5.6 ± 0.1ab	22.3 ± 0.9ab	20.7 ± 0.9ab
SD - 60%	18.1 ± 0.4a	15.4 ± 0.3a	4.2 ± 0.1	6.0 ± 0.2a	25.3 ± 0.9a	23.0 ± 0.9a
SD-40%	16.4 ± 0.4ab	13.1 ± 0.3c	3.9 ± 0.3	4.8 ± 0.3b	15.4 ± 0.7c	15.1 ± 0.6 d
	P	P	P	P	P	P
光照处理Photoperiod(P)	0.122	0.694	0.106	0.85	0.056	0.108
灌溉处理Watering regime(W)	0.056	0.012	0.138	0.028	0.002	0.003
光照处理×灌溉处理 P×W	0.010	0.001	0.089	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001

变异来源Sources	Survival T₁		Survival T_1-AW		Survival T₂
变异来源Sources	χ²	P	χ²	P	χ²	P
光照处理Photoperiod(P)	8.610	0.003	2.333	0.127	3.252	0.071
灌溉处理Watering regime(W)	0.375	0.829	3.052	0.217	5.549	0.062
光照处理灌溉处理PW	4.289	0.117	2.457	0.293	4.082	0.130
区组Block	4.071	0.131	9.680	0.008	2.966	0.227

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