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林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 80-88.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220209

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

亚热带不同林龄杉木人工林红壤线虫群落结构特征

郑荧枫1,2,王建青1,2,*,邹秉章3,王思荣3,施秀珍1,2,余再鹏1,2,黄志群1,2   

  1. 1. 福建师范大学地理科学学院 福州 350007
    2. 福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态-地理过程教育部重点实验室 福州 350007
    3. 福建省上杭白砂国有林场 上杭 364205
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-11 出版日期:2022-02-25 发布日期:2022-04-26
  • 通讯作者: 王建青
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31901165);国家自然科学基金项目(31930077);国家自然科学基金项目(31901162);福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J01186);福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J01138)

Nematodes Community Structure in Red Soil of Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations with Different Ages in Subtropical China

Yingfeng Zheng1,2,Jianqing Wang1,2,*,Bingzhang Zou3,Sirong Wang3,Xiuzhen Shi1,2,Zaipeng Yu1,2,Zhiqun Huang1,2   

  1. 1. School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007
    2. Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007
    3. Baisha National Forest Farm of Fujian Province Shanghang 364205
  • Received:2020-10-11 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-04-26
  • Contact: Jianqing Wang

摘要:

目的: 分析亚热带地区不同林龄杉木人工林红壤线虫群落结构的变化,为亚热带杉木人工林可持续经营提供理论依据。方法: 利用空间替代时间的方法,选取幼龄林(5年)、中幼龄林(8年)、近熟林(21年)、成熟林(27年)和过熟林(40年)5个生长阶段的杉木人工林,采用浅盘法分离提取土壤线虫,分析土壤线虫密度,鉴定土壤线虫种属、各营养类群线虫相对丰度,计算线虫香农多样性指数(H′)、植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(PPI)和瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)。通过非度量多维度(NMDS)分析不同林龄杉木人工林土壤线虫群落结构的变化。结果: 1) 共分离出9 872头线虫,隶属68个属,杉木人工林不同生长阶段的线虫优势属存在差异,除幼龄林外,植物寄生线虫根结属在所有林分中占优势地位;2) 随着林分发育,土壤线虫总密度及多样性指数均无明显变化;40年与5年、8年林分的土壤线虫群落结构存在差异,说明杉木人工林生长发育改变了土壤线虫群落结构;植物寄生线虫相对丰度最高,捕食-杂食线虫次之,食细菌线虫相对丰度高于食真菌线虫;随着林分发育,植物寄生线虫相对丰度呈现先降后增的变化趋势,在8年达到最低;随着林龄增加,食真菌线虫密度呈下降趋势,在5年达到最高;但杉木人工林生长发育对食细菌线虫和捕食-杂食线虫的密度及相对丰度均无显著影响;3)植物寄生线虫成熟度指数随杉木人工林生长发育呈先降后增的变化趋势,在21年达到最低;随着林分生长发育,瓦斯乐斯卡指数总体呈现降低趋势,在5年林分显著高于40年。相关分析表明,瓦斯乐斯卡指数与土壤pH值呈正相关,植物寄生线虫密度及相对丰度与土壤总碳含量、土壤碳磷比呈正相关。结论: 在亚热带杉木人工林中,植物寄生线虫在数量上占据优势地位;杉木人工林长期种植改变了土壤线虫群落结构,尤其提高了植物寄生线虫相对丰度,可能对森林土壤健康和植物正常生长产生不利影响。

关键词: 人工林, 线虫, 土壤食物网, 土壤健康, 红壤

Abstract:

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the changes of soil nematode community structure in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations with different forest ages in subtropical region, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of C. lanceolata plantation. Method: C. lanceolata plantations at five different forest ages (5, 8, 21, 27, 40 a) were selected as research object using a space-for-time substitution approach. Soil nematodes were isolated and extracted using the platter method. The species and genera of soil nematodes were identified, and the density of total nematodes, the relative abundances of various nutritional nematode groups were determined simultaneously. The Shannon diversity (H′), the maturity indexes of plant parasities (PPI) and the Wasilewska index (WI) were calculated as well. The changes of soil nematode community structure in C. lanceolata plantations with different ages were analyzed by non-metric multidimensional scale (NMDS). Result: 1) A total of 9 872 nematodes, were isolated, belonging to 68 genera, and the dominant genus was different at the different stand ages of C. lanceolata. The genus, Meloidogyne, was predominant in all forest stands except for the young stage of C. lanceolate. 2) The total density and diversity of soil nematodes did not change significantly in the all stand developmental stages. There were differences in community structure of soil nematodes between 40-year-old stand and 5-year-old and 8-year-old stands, indicating that the development of C. lanceolata plantation had changed the structure of soil nematode community. The relative abundance of plant parasitic nematodes was the highest, followed by omnivores-predators and bacterivores, and the relative abundance of fungivores was the lowest. The relative abundance of plant parasites decreased first and then increased, reaching the lowest in 8 years. The relative abundance of fungivores was the highest in 5 years, and decreased with the increment of the stand age of C. lanceolata. The development of C. lanceolata plantation had changed the relative abundance of plant parasities as well as the density of fungivores. However, there was no significant difference in the relative abundance and density of bacterivores or omnivores-predators with the development of C. lanceolate. 3) The maturity indexes of plant parasites decreased first, reaching the lowest in 21 years, and then increased with the development of C. lanceolata. The Wasilewska indexes in 5-year-old stand were significantly higher than those in 40-year-old stand. The WI value showed a decreasing trend with the development of stand ages. The correlation analysis showed that the Wasilewska index was positively correlated with soil pH, and the density and relative abundance of parasitic nematodes were positively correlated with the soil total carbon and carbon phosphorus ratio, respectively. Conclusion: In subtropical Chinese fir plantation, plant parasitic nematodes occupy a dominant position in quantity. The long-term plantation of C. lanceolata has changed the soil nematode community structure, especially triggering a dominant role of the plant parasites, which could probably result in adverse effects on soil health and plant growth. More attention should be paid to the study of soil nematode community structure and underlying mechanisms for the sustainable management of C. lanceolata plantations in subtropical China.

Key words: plantation, nematode, soil food web, soil health, red soil

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