林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 70-79.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220208
丛微1,于晶晶1,喻海茫2,丁易1,张于光1,*
收稿日期:
2020-08-17
出版日期:
2022-02-25
发布日期:
2022-04-26
通讯作者:
张于光
基金资助:
Wei Cong1,Jingjing Yu1,Haimang Yu2,Yi Ding1,Yuguang Zhang1,*
Received:
2020-08-17
Online:
2022-02-25
Published:
2022-04-26
Contact:
Yuguang Zhang
摘要:
目的: 研究不同气候带森林土壤微生物的多样性特征和分布模式,为认识其多样性形成机制及加强森林生态系统管理提供依据。方法: 以温带针叶林(新疆喀纳斯,新疆库尔德宁)、暖温带针阔混交林(甘肃小陇山)、亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林(湖北木林子)和热带雨林(海南霸王岭)4种不同气候带森林为对象,在已经建立的固定样地采集土壤样品,利用Illumina测序技术分析不同气候带森林土壤细菌和真菌的多样性以及群落构建特征。结果: 土壤细菌多样性在暖温带针阔混交林中最高,即在沿气候梯度的5个地点样地中呈单峰分布;土壤真菌的香农指数在温带针叶林中最高,土壤真菌丰富度在热带雨林中最高。基于零模型数学框架分析发现,土壤细菌的群落构建主要由确定性过程主导,土壤真菌群落结构受随机性过程影响较大。典范对应分析(CCA)和Mantel test分析表明,土壤pH值(r=0.826,P < 0.001)和植物多样性(r=0.474,P < 0.001)与土壤细菌和真菌群落具有显著相关性。结论: 不同气候带的森林土壤细菌和真菌的多样性和群落结构都存在显著差异,土壤细菌和真菌具有不同的群落构建特征,土壤pH值和植物多样性是影响不同气候带森林土壤微生物多样性的重要因素。
中图分类号:
丛微,于晶晶,喻海茫,丁易,张于光. 不同气候带森林土壤微生物多样性和群落构建特征[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(2): 70-79.
Wei Cong,Jingjing Yu,Haimang Yu,Yi Ding,Yuguang Zhang. Diversity and Community Assembly of Forest Soil Microorganisms in Different Climatic Zones[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(2): 70-79.
表1
研究样地的土壤性质和植物多样性及其功能性状①"
环境因子 Environmental factors | KNS | KEDN | GS | HB | HN |
水分 Water content (%) | 21.66 ± 2.69 d | 36.05 ± 6.66 b | 28.67 ± 2.20 c | 53.24 ± 2.13 a | 24.44 ± 2.31 d |
土壤pH值 Soil pH | 5.66 ± 0.14 c | 6.41 ± 0.44 b | 6.77 ± 0.65 a | 4.58 ± 0.19 d | 4.03 ± 0.15 e |
有机质 Organic matter/(g·kg-1) | 54.12 ± 20.33 b | 188.92 ± 51.43 a | 73.28 ± 16.48 b | 160.05 ± 44.78 a | 62.77 ± 8.97 b |
全氮 Total nitrogen/(g·kg-1) | 1.68 ± 0.66 c | 6.72 ± 1.13 a | 3.18 ± 0.57 b | 6.03 ± 1.46 a | 3.48 ± 1.14 b |
全磷 Total phosphorus/(g·kg-1) | 0.76 ± 0.14 b | 1.16 ± 0.14 a | 0.72 ± 0.24 bc | 0.59 ± 0.19 c | 0.16 ± 0.02 d |
全钾 Total potassium/(g·kg-1) | 20.39 ± 0.77 b | 17.97 ± 1.26 bc | 16.15 ± 2.70 c | 13.08 ± 1.63 d | 41.38 ± 5.87 a |
水解性氮 Hydrolyzable nitrogen/(mg·kg-1) | 92.98 ± 24.12 c | 418.43 ± 77.4 6a | 173.09 ± 30.65 b | 444.81 ± 118.61 a | 174.07 ± 24.62 b |
有效磷 Available phosphorus/(mg·kg-1) | 81.45 ± 27.89 a | 15.60 ± 10.24 b | 3.33 ± 3.17b c | 1.94 ± 0.72 c | 1.46 ± 0.26 c |
速效钾 Available potassium/(mg·kg-1) | 221.60 ± 18.04 a | 180.26 ± 33.09 bc | 170.60 ± 41.73 c | 208.01 ± 39.44 ab | 98.83 ± 16.79 d |
铵态氮 NH4+-N/(mg·kg-1) | 10.24 ± 2.04 b | 8.56 ± 1.29 b | 3.91 ± 1.36 c | 17.60 ± 3.83 a | 5.88 ± 2.65 c |
硝态氮 NO3--N/(mg·kg-1) | 1.27 ± 0.37 c | 10.10 ± 4.09 b | 12.08 ± 4.91 b | 14.40 ± 16.04 b | 25.93 ± 5.07 a |
植物物种数 Number of plant species | 4.29 ± 0.47 d | 1.12 ± 0.33 d | 36.53 ± 5.58 b | 28.47 ± 5.82 c | 59.76 ± 9.26 a |
植物香农指数 Plant Shannon index | 1.17 ± 0.10 d | 0.06 ± 0.18 e | 2.88 ± 0.17 b | 2.43 ± 0.31 c | 3.49 ± 0.21 a |
胸高断面积 Basal area/cm2 | 13 819.44 ± 5 921.69 c | 20 171.21 ± 8 106.53 ab | 12 190.15 ± 2 945.12 c | 14 896.31 ± 4 894.32 bc | 24 717.42 ± 9 213.15 a |
功能离散度 Functional dispersion | 0.06 ± 0.01 a | 0.02 ± 0.05 b | 0.06 ± 0.01 a | 0.07 ± 0.01 a | 0.08 ± 0.01 a |
胸径 Diameter at breast height/cm | 14.10 ± 3.28 b | 48.76 ± 10.52 a | 4..49 ± 0.69 c | 5.04 ± 0.77 c | 5.90 ± 0.54 c |
树高 Height of tree/m | 9.34 ± 1.38 b | 31.09 ± 5.06 a | 4.84 ± 0.42 c | 4.93 ± 0.71 c | 5.47 ± 0.51 c |
表2
决定性过程和随机性过程对土壤微生物群落的贡献率"
样地 Sample plot | 确定性过程Determinism (细菌/真菌Bacteria/fungi) | 随机性过程Stochasticity (细菌/真菌Bacteria/fungi) | ||||||
匀质性选择 Homogeneous selection | 异质性选择 Heterogeneous selection | 所占比例和 Total | 均质性扩散 Homogenizing dispersal | 扩散限制 Dispersal limitation | 未确定过程 Undominated | 所占比例和 Total | ||
KNS | 74.26/13.97 | 0/0 | 74.26/13.97 | 25.74/36.76 | 0/0 | 0/49.26 | 25.74/86.02 | |
KRDN | 52.94/33.09 | 2.21/5.88 | 55.15/38.97 | 37.50/23.53 | 0.73/0.73 | 6.62/36.76 | 44.85/61.02 | |
GS | 51.47/5.88 | 1.47/3.68 | 52.94/9.56 | 20.59/0 | 0.73/75.00 | 25.74/15.44 | 47.06/90.44 | |
HB | 92.65/51.47 | 0/0 | 92.65/51.47 | 5.88/0 | 0/22.06 | 1.47/26.47 | 7.35/48.53 | |
HN | 77.94/1.47 | 2.94/9.56 | 80.88/11.03 | 19.12/1.47 | 0/36.76 | 0/50.74 | 19.12/88.97 |
表3
土壤细菌和真菌与环境因子的Mantel test分析"
环境因子 Environmental factors | 细菌 Bacteria | 真菌 Fungi | |||
r | P | r | P | ||
土壤pH值 Soil pH | 0.826 | < 0.001 | 0.470 | < 0.001 | |
全磷 Total phosphorus | 0.504 | < 0.001 | 0.386 | < 0.001 | |
全钾 Total potassium | 0.442 | < 0.001 | 0.333 | < 0.001 | |
有效磷 Available phosphorus | 0.220 | < 0.001 | 0.215 | < 0.001 | |
速效钾 Available potassium | 0.328 | < 0.001 | 0.309 | < 0.001 | |
铵态氮 NH4+-N | 0.208 | < 0.001 | 0.279 | < 0.001 | |
硝态氮 NO3--N | 0.329 | < 0.001 | 0.313 | < 0.001 | |
植物物种数 Number of plant species | 0.508 | < 0.001 | 0.474 | < 0.001 | |
植物香农指数 Plant Shannon index | 0.432 | < 0.001 | 0.452 | < 0.001 | |
功能离散度 Functional dispersion | 0.204 | < 0.001 | 0.163 | < 0.001 |
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