巴里黄檀心材色素成分及其稳定性和抗氧化性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210313

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析巴里黄檀心材色素成分，探究色素的稳定性和抗氧化性，为充分利用巴里黄檀资源提供理论基础和技术支撑，为同类红木资源的高效利用提供参考。方法: 从巴里黄檀木制品加工废料（刨花）中提取色素，使用超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UPLC-Q-EXACTIVE-MS）法分离鉴定色素成分，对色素主要成分进行定量；探究pH、金属离子、温度和紫外光照对色素稳定性的影响；以抗坏血酸（Vc）为阳性对照，分析色素对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的清除能力。结果: 从巴里黄檀心材色素中鉴定出荭草素、葛根素、牡荆素、异鼠李素、天竺葵素、矢车菊素、高车前素、白杨素、黄豆黄素、蓟黄素、樱花素、柚皮苷、染料木素、锦葵素、香叶木素、美迪紫檀素、芒柄花黄素、高丽槐素和6-羟基黄酮共19种黄酮类化合物，其中芒柄花黄素相对含量为2.27%；色素在酸性条件下稳定性较好，在碱性条件下稳定性差，pH>9后溶液出现沉淀；K⁺、Na⁺、Ba²⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺对色素几乎无影响，Al³⁺对色素有增色作用，Gr⁶⁺、Cu²⁺、Fe³⁺使色素产生沉淀，破坏作用较大；色素高温加热2 h内稳定性较好，长时间高温加热对色素有增色作用；紫外光照射对色素有缓慢增色作用；色素对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基具有一定清除能力。结论: 巴里黄檀心材色素为黄酮类色素；色素在酸性至中性环境下较为稳定，在碱性条件下不稳定，Gr⁶⁺、Cu²⁺、Fe³⁺存在时不稳定，长时间高温加热和光照对色素稳定性影响较大；色素具有一定抗氧化能力。

关键词: 巴里黄檀, 色素, 成分鉴定, 稳定性, 抗氧化性

Abstract:

Objective: This study was carried out to analyze the pigment component, stability and antioxidant activity of the heartwood of Dalbergia bariensis with the aims to provide theoretical basis and technical support for making full use of the resources of D. bariensis and also to provide reference for the efficient utilization of similar rosewood resources. Method: Pigment was extracted from the processing waste(shavings) of D. bariensis heartwood, and the constituents and properties of the pigment were explored. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to Q Exactive quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-EXACTIVE-MS) was used to isolate and identify the pigment. The content of main components in the pigment was determined. The effects of pH, metal ions, temperature and ultraviolet irradiation on the stability of pigment were investigated. The scavenging ability of the pigment to DPPH and ABTS radicals was also studied by using ascorbic acid(Vc)as positive control. Result: 19 flavonoids were identified from the heartwood pigment of D. bariensis, including orientin, puerarin, vitexin, isorhamnetin, pelargonidin, cyanidin, hispidulin, chrysin, glycitein, cirsimaritin, sakuranetin, naringin, genistein, malvidin, diosmetin, medicarpin, formononetin, maackiain, and 6-hydroxyflavone, of which the relative content of formononetin was 2.27%. The pigment had a good stability under acidic conditions, but a poor stability in alkaline conditions, and precipitation appeared after pH>9. K⁺, Na⁺, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ had a little effect on the pigment. Al³⁺ had a color enhancement effect on the pigment. Gr⁶⁺, Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ made the pigment precipitate and had a great destructive effect; the pigment was stable when heated at high temperature for 2 hours. The pigment color could be enhanced by long-time high temperature heating, and the pigment color could be slowly enhanced by ultraviolet irradiation. The pigment could scavenge DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals. Conclusion: The main components of the pigment from the heartwood of D. bariensis are flavonoids. The pigment is stable in acidic to neutral environments, unstable in alkaline condition, unstable in the presence of Gr⁶⁺, Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺. High temperature heating and long-time irradiation might have a great influence on the stability of pigments, which have a certain antioxidant capacity.

Key words: Dalbergia bariensis, pigment, component identification, stability, antioxidant activity

中图分类号:

TS69

杨雨桐,张卿硕,符韵林,孙静. 巴里黄檀心材色素成分及其稳定性和抗氧化性[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(3): 126-134.

Yutong Yang,Qingshuo Zhang,Yunlin Fu,Jing Sun. Components, Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Pigment from Dalbergia bariensis Heartwood[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(3): 126-134.

图/表 10

表1

图1

表2

巴里黄檀心材色素中黄酮类成分离子结构信息"

峰号 No.	保留时间 Retention time/min	分子式 Formula	一级质谱 MS(m/z)	理论值 Theoretical value(m/z)	二级质谱 MS²(m/z)	化学成分 Component	文献来源 Reference
1	4.738	C₂₁H₂₀O₁₁	449.099 02	[M+H]449.107 84	413.085 45 329.064 42 149.022 92	荭草素 Orientin	Gou et al., 2017
2	4.825	C₂₁H₂₀O₉	417.109 27	[M+H]417.118 01	297.074 92 267.063 96	葛根素 Puerarin	Huang et al., 2014
3	5.094	C₂₁H₂₀O₁₀	433.104 27	[M+H]433.112 92	397.090 55 313.069 58283.059 14	牡荆素 Vitexin	Gou et al., 2017
4	5.494	C₁₆H₁₂O₇	317.057 15	[M+H]317.057 75	285.038 51 273.075 01149.022 90	异鼠李素 Isorhamnetin	Gou et al., 2017
5	6.109	C₁₅H₁₀O₅	271.051 83	[M+H]271.052 27	271.059 11	天竺葵素 Pelargonidin	胡莉等，2014
6	6.159	C15H₁₀O₆	287.046 74	[M+H]287.047 19	259.059 14 231.064 36149.022 96	矢车菊素 Cyanidin	胡莉等，2014
7	6.205	C₁₆H₁₂O₆	301.062 24	[M+H]301.062 89	301.069 70 245.079 86 167.033 36	高车前素 Hispidulin	Bojilov et al., 2017
8	6.522	C₁₅H₁₀O₄	255.056 89	[M+H]255.057 36	255.064 32 229.085 13	白杨素 Chrysin	Cui et al., 2015
9	6.896	C₁₆H₁₂O₅	285.067 27	[M+H]285.067 93	285.074 83 270.051 45	黄豆黄素 Glycitein	Wu et al., 2004
10	7.022	C₁₇H₁₄O₆	315.077 62	[M+H]315.078 49	283.059 05 255.064 21 211.074 71 153.054 12	蓟黄素 Cirsimaritin	Fattahi et al., 2013
11	7.138	C₁₆H₁₄O₅	287.082 84	[M+H]287.083 58	285.074 74 269.079 80 167.033 34	樱花素 Sakuranetin	马玉翠等，2017
12	7.243	C₂₇H₃₂O₁₄	579.175 86	[M-H] 579.178 66	579.168 15 489.137 36 459.127 04 369.095 73 339.085 46 151.038 09	柚皮苷 Naringin	Prokudina et al., 2012
13	7.775	C₁₅H₁₀O₅	269.051 24	[M-H] 269.052 27	269.065 12 254.057 63	染料木素 Genistein	Prokudina et al., 2012
14	7.867	C₁₇H₁₄O₇	331.072 57	[M+H]331.073 40	331.080 14 316.056 73 271.059 20	锦葵素 Malvidin	胡莉等，2014
15	8.14	C₁₆H₁₂O₆	301.062 24	[M+H]301.062 84	284.031 19 256.036 19 228.077 18 151.037 99	香叶木素 Diosmetin	Fan et al., 2017
16	8.164	C₁₆H₁₄O₄	269.087 92	[M-H] 269.088 66	269.043 79 254.056 67241.048 75 133.027 13	美迪紫檀素 Medicarpin	宗鑫凯等，2009
17	9.265	C₁₆H₁₂O₄	269.072 46	[M+H]269.073 01	269.079 83 254.056 27 213.090 50	芒柄花黄素 Formononetin	Prokudina et al., 2012
18	9.474	C₁₆H₁₂O₅	285.067 28	[M+H]285.067 93	151.038 54 123.043 85	高丽槐素 Maackiain	宗鑫凯等，2009
19	10.043	C₁₅H₁₀O₃	239.061 94	[M+H]239.062 45	239.068 47 211.074 86193.064 03 165.069 46123.080 22	6-羟基黄酮 6-hydroxyflavone	Seetharam et al., 1992

表2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

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