林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 158-168.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210618
赵光华1,3,崔馨月2,王智1,荆红利2,樊保国1,*
收稿日期:
2020-01-16
出版日期:
2021-06-25
发布日期:
2021-08-06
通讯作者:
樊保国
基金资助:
Guanghua Zhao1,3,Xinyue Cui2,Zhi Wang1,Hongli Jing2,Baoguo Fan1,*
Received:
2020-01-16
Online:
2021-06-25
Published:
2021-08-06
Contact:
Baoguo Fan
摘要:
目的: 预测我国酸枣适生区对气候变化的响应,为气候变化背景下酸枣种质资源开发与利用提供科学依据。方法: 基于GIS技术和R语言,筛选出酸枣121个地理调查数据和34个环境因子,利用R语言的ENMeval数据包,调整MaxEnt模型默认参数,并运用优化后的MaxEnt模型分析酸枣当前适生区的地理分布;采用Person相关分析和VIF方差膨胀因子筛选出参与建模的所需因子,刀切法筛选该适生区主导环境因子,根据IPCC发布的第5次气候模型,探讨在不同气候情景下酸枣未来地理分布的变化。结果: 模型优化结果表明,当模型参数中特征组合为线性、二次型与片段化,以及调控倍频为3.5时,MaxEnt模型的复杂度最低,受试者工作特征曲线分析法的AUC为0.946,模型预测的可靠性极高、精度极好;刀切法结果显示,年均气温、最湿季平均气温、最湿月降雨量、降水量变异系数、海拔和表层(0~30 cm)土壤盐基饱和度是影响酸枣分布的主要环境因子;当前酸枣适生区主要集中在陕西、河南北部、山西中南部、河北、宁夏北部、内蒙古东南部、四川东北部、辽宁西部和山东境内,在未来气候变化情景下,酸枣适生区分布会有不同程度变化,到2050s和2070s,酸枣适生区面积有一定增加,在RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下响应敏感且呈递增趋势,而在RCP2.6情景下的递增趋势较其他2种情景小。结论: 气候、土壤和地形因子共同影响酸枣的潜在地理分布,其中气候因子所占权重最大,是最有可能引起酸枣地理分布区迁移的环境变量;模型经过参数优化能准确模拟预测出酸枣潜在地理分布区;未来全球变暖引起的气候变化将会改变酸枣的分布格局。MaxEnt模拟结果显示,适生区总面积趋于增加,且扩张区域主要位于中高纬度地区,减少区域主要位于低纬度地区;在3种气候变化情境下,2050s和2070s的酸枣适生区质心呈往高纬度迁移的趋势,酸枣适生区域整体迁移至华北平原和东北平原一带。
中图分类号:
赵光华,崔馨月,王智,荆红利,樊保国. 气候变化背景下我国酸枣潜在适生区预测[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(6): 158-168.
Guanghua Zhao,Xinyue Cui,Zhi Wang,Hongli Jing,Baoguo Fan. Prediction of Potential Distribution of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa in China under Context of Climate Change[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(6): 158-168.
表2
未来不同气候情景下酸枣适生区面积"
气候变化情景 Climate change scenarios | 最适生区 Most suitable area | 一般适生区 General suitable area | 较不适生区 Marginally unsuitable area | 不适生区 Unsuitable area | 总适生区 Total suitable area |
当前Current | 653 491 | 793 433 | 1 640 614 | 6 564 093 | 1 446 924(15.0%) |
RCP2.6-2050s | 725 772 | 976 923 | 1 865 256 | 6 083 680 | 1 702 695(17.7%) |
RCP2.6-2070s | 878 377 | 823 827 | 1 868 183 | 6 081 243 | 1 702 204(17.7%) |
RCP4.5-2050s | 917 716 | 961 662 | 1 970 578 | 5 801 674 | 1 879 378(19.5%) |
RCP4.5-2070s | 887 577 | 1 070 941 | 1 948 655 | 5 744 458 | 1 958 518(20.3%) |
RCP8.5-2050s | 783 080 | 1 188 396 | 1 885 194 | 5 773 330 | 1 971 476(20.6%) |
RCP8.5-2070s | 878 818 | 1 360 101 | 1 763 895 | 5 648 816 | 2 238 919(23.2%) |
表3
环境因子贡献率及重要值"
环境因子 Environmental variable | 贡献率 Contribution(%) | 重要值 Importance(%) |
年均气温Annual mean temperature | 22.412 8 | 51.570 7 |
最湿月降水量Precipitation of wettest month | 15.416 9 | 15.671 9 |
降水量变异系数Variation coefficient of precipitation | 9.894 5 | 7.244 9 |
平均日较差Mean diurnal range | 3.196 3 | 6.099 3 |
等温性Isothermality | 3.418 9 | 2.555 3 |
最湿季平均气温Mean temperature of wettest quarter | 4.749 7 | 2.486 8 |
海拔Altitude | 8.957 7 | 7.214 4 |
表层土壤盐基饱和度Base saturation of topsoil | 18.051 9 | 1.728 8 |
表层土壤黏粒成分阳离子交换量Cation exchange capacity of clay particles in topsoil | 1.099 9 | 0.292 3 |
表层土壤的阳离子交换量Cation exchange capacity of topsoil | 0.255 5 | 0.413 3 |
表层土壤黏粒百分比Percentage of clay in topsoil | 2.761 2 | 1.061 5 |
表层土壤电导率Electrical conductivity of topsoil | 1.792 7 | 0.022 8 |
表层土壤可交换钠盐百分比Percentage of exchangeable sodium salt in topsoil | 1.266 7 | 0.272 2 |
表层土壤砾石体积百分比Volume percentage of gravel in topsoil | 0.783 5 | 0.030 4 |
表层土壤有机碳百分比Percentage of organic carbon in topsoil | 0.753 1 | 0 |
表层土壤PH值PH value of topsoil | 3.120 5 | 0.538 7 |
表层土壤粉砂百分比Percentage silt in topsoil | 1.365 0 | 1.561 7 |
表层土壤可交换盐基总和Total exchangeable salt bases of topsoil | 0.703 1 | 1.235 0 |
表4
主要环境因子结果分析"
环境因子 Environmental variable | 当前 Current | RCP2.6 | RCP4.5 | RCP8.5 | |||||
2050s | 2070s | 2050s | 2070s | 2050s | 2070s | ||||
年均气温Annual mean temperature/℃ | 11.19 | 12.95 | 13.10 | 13.41 | 13.77 | 14.05 | 15.12 | ||
最湿季平均气温Mean temperature of wettest quarter/℃ | 22.72 | 24.60 | 24.71 | 25.04 | 25.52 | 25.83 | 27.01 | ||
最湿月降水量Precipitation of wettest month/mm | 149.55 | 145.10 | 150.97 | 164.72 | 169.37 | 145.68 | 152.26 | ||
降水量变异系数Variation coefficient of precipitation(%) | 96.26 | 90.17 | 93.15 | 94.81 | 97.99 | 89.78 | 94.80 | ||
表层土壤盐基饱和度Base saturation of topsoil(%) | 94.32 | 94.32 | 94.32 | 94.32 | 94.32 | 94.32 | 94.32 | ||
海拔Altitude/m | 586.86 | 586.86 | 586.86 | 586.86 | 586.86 | 586.86 | 586.86 | ||
物种生境适宜度Suitability of species habitat | 0.58 | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.47 |
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