湿润区3种杉科植物枝和根木质部的水力功能与解剖结构的关系

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20201206

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 全球变暖导致干旱强度增大、频率更高。研究湿润区3种杉科植物枝条和根系的水力功能性状和木质部结构性状的差异，以及木质部结构性状与水力功能性状的数量关系，有助于了解湿润区植物的干旱适应机制，为湿润区树木死亡风险在时空上的相对可预测性提供数据支持。方法: 以湿润区池杉、落羽杉和北美红杉为研究对象，测定枝条和根系的导水率和脆弱曲线，制作石蜡切片观察枝条和根系的木质部解剖结构，并计算管胞结构和纹孔结构参数。结果: 3个树种根系的P₂₀、P₅₀、P₈₈（导水率损失20%、50%、88%时所对应的木质部水势，代表枝条和根系栓塞抗性的大小）均小于其枝条；枝、根比导率与P₅₀相关分析的决定系数接近0（R²=0.01，P=0.62）。木质部解剖结构与功能性状的相关分析发现：管胞直径与比导率显著正相关（r=0.82，P=0.001），管胞密度与比导率显著负相关（r=-0.68，P=0.01）；纹孔塞面积与P₅₀正相关（r=0.4，P=0.19）。冗余分析表明：管胞直径对比导率有显著影响且解释度达80.1%（P=0.004）；纹孔塞面积对P₅₀影响较大且解释度达70.1%（P=0.18）。结论: 杉科3个树种根系的栓塞抗性均比枝条弱。其枝、根木质部导水系统无效率-安全权衡关系，因为决定其输水效率（比导率）的是管胞直径，决定其栓塞抗性（P₅₀）的是纹孔塞面积，即枝、根木质部导水系统不具备效率-安全权衡的基础。3个树种均为低效率低安全性物种。

关键词: 池杉, 落羽杉, 北美红杉, 气候变化, 湿润区, 输水效率, 栓塞抗性

Abstract:

Objective: Global warming leads to increased intensity and higher frequency of drought. The difference of the hydraulic functions and xylem structure between branches and roots of three Taxodiaceae species in the humid area, as well as the quantitative relationship between the structure and the hydraulic function of xylem, was studied to understand the mechanism of adaptation to drought of plants in the humid area and to provide data support for the relative predictability of tree death risk in humid area in time and space. Method: Taxodium distichum var. imbricatum, Taxodium distichum and Sequoia sempervirens in humid region were investigated to determine the hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability curve of branches and roots. Paraffin sections were made to observe the xylem anatomical structure, and parameters of the tracheids and pit structural properties were calculated. Result: P₂₀, P₅₀ and P₈₈(the xylem water potential corresponding to the water loss of 20%, 50% and 88% represents the embolism resistance of branches and roots) of roots were all smaller than those of branches. The correlation coefficient between specific conductivity and P₅₀of branches and roots was close to 0 (R²=0.01, P=0.62). Correlation analysis of xylem anatomical structure and functional traits showed that:tracheid diameter was positively correlated with specific conductivity (r=0.82, P=0.001), and tracheid density was negatively correlated with specific conductivity (r=-0.68, P=0.01). The pit torus area was positively correlated with P₅₀ (r=0.4, P=0.19). Redundancy analysis revealed that:tracheid diameter had a significant effect on the specific conductivity and the interpretation degree was up to 80.1% (P=0.004). The pit torus area had a great influence on P₅₀ and the interpretation degree was up to 70.1% (P=0.18). Conclusion: The embolism resistance of the roots of three Taxodiaceae species is weaker than that of branches. Tracheid diameter determines the specific conductivity of hydraulic efficiency. The pit torus area determines the embolism resistance to P₅₀. There is no efficiency-safety trade-off in xylem hydraulic conducting system of branches and roots, as the material basis for this trade-off does not exist. Moreover, water conducting system for three species are of low efficiency and safety.

Key words: Taxodium distichum var. imbricatum, Taxodium distichum, Sequoia sempervirens, climate change, humid area, hydraulic efficiency, embolism resistance

中图分类号:

潘天天,李彦,王忠媛,陆世通,叶琳峰,陈森,谢江波. 湿润区3种杉科植物枝和根木质部的水力功能与解剖结构的关系[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(12): 49-59.

Tiantian Pan,Yan Li,Zhongyuan Wang,Shitong Lu,Linfeng Ye,Sen Chen,Jiangbo Xie. Relationship between the Hydraulic Function and the Anatomical Structure of Branch and Root Xylem in Three Taxodiaceae Species in Humid Area[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(12): 49-59.

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树种 Species	海拔 Elevation/m	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope/(°)	土壤水分 Soil moisture	密度 Density/(tree·hm^-2)	年龄 Age/a	高度 Height/m	胸径 DBH/cm	冠幅 Crown/m
北美红杉 Sequoia sempervirens	40~41	SW	0~1	湿润 Moist	1 500~1 800	18~25	15~20	15~20	2~3
池杉 Taxodium distichum var. imbricatum	42~45	SW	1~2	湿润 Moist	2 000	15~20	20~25	15~20	2~3
落羽杉 Taxodium distichum	40~41	SW	0.3~0.58	湿润 Moist	1 800~2 000	15~18	20~25	15~20	2~3

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