栓皮栎和麻栎抽提物的化学成分分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210420

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析栓皮栎和麻栎不同使用部位抽提物含量及其化学组成特点，为栎类木材加工工艺和实际生产提供应用性指导，为我国林木资源充分、合理、高附加值利用提供新的思路和科学依据。方法: 以河南地区栓皮栎和麻栎为研究对象，采用我国木材化学分析标准，结合傅里叶红外（FTIR）和气相质谱联用（GC-MS）方法，对树干不同高度上树皮、心边材冷/热水抽提物、1%NaOH抽提物、苯醇抽提物含量和组成进行详细分析。结果: 对于树干不同高度上树皮、心边材冷/热水抽提物、1%NaOH抽提物含量，栓皮栎明显高于麻栎；在同一种栎类木材中，树皮抽提物含量最高，边材次之，心材最低；抽提物含量在树干高度上呈两端高、中间低的趋势；对于苯醇抽提物含量，栓皮栎树皮远高于心边材和麻栎树皮，但2种栎类木材心边材差异较小且并未随树高呈特定变化规律。栓皮栎和麻栎树皮、心边材FTIR图谱区别明显，根据图谱吸收峰强度判断，栎类木材树皮中可能含有较多的醇类、脂肪酸、芳香族类和烷烃结构化合物，心边材中应还有较多的酸类、醇类及不饱和烃化物。GC-MS联用分析结果显示，树皮、心边材中均含有少量烷烃醇、酯类及不饱和烯类，其中，树皮中含有软木三萜酮及其同分异构体，心边材中含有γ-谷甾醇等化学物质。结论: 栓皮栎和麻栎树皮、心边材抽提物主要化学成分存在较大的含量差异和一定的成分差异；树干高度对2种栎类木材抽提物含量也有一定影响，中间部分累积较多的冷/热水、1%NaOH抽提物，但并没有发生明显成分差异。在木材实际加工和生产中，应充分考虑2种栎类木材树皮、心边材抽提物含量和性质差异，提供合理、全面、高价值的加工利用方案。

关键词: 栓皮栎, 麻栎, 抽提物含量, 气相质谱联用, 化学成分

Abstract:

Objective: This study focused on the extract content and chemical composition of different parts of oak, with the aim to provide scientific guidance for the processing and utilization of oak wood. Method: This study used the oak from Henan Province as the research object, using the Chinese wood chemical analysis standard, combined with Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS) method. The content and composition of the cold/hot water extract, 1% sodium hydroxide extract and phenyl alcohol extract from the bark, sapwood and heartwood with different heights in the trunk of Quercus variabilis and Quercus acutissima were analyzed in detail. Result: The results showed that the contents of cold/hot water and 1% NaOH extractives of Q. variabilis bark, sapwood and heartwood at different heights were significantly higher than those of Q. acutissima. Among them, the bark extractive had the highest content, the sapwood was the second, and the heartwood had the lowest content. The extract content had a tendency to be high at both ends and low in the middle with the height of the trunk. For the content of phenyl alcohol extract, the oak bark was much higher than the sapwood and heartwood, but the difference between two oaks was small and did not change with the height for the sap/hearwood. The FTIR spectra showed that the bark and sap/heartwood of Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima were obviously different. According to the absorption peak intensity, the bark might contain more alcohols, fatty acids, aromatics and alkane structural compounds, and there should be more acids, alcohols and unsaturated hydrocarbons in the sap/heartwood. The Result: s of GC-MS analysis showed that both the bark and sap/heartwood contained a small amount of alkane alcohols, esters and unsaturated alkenes. The bark contained abundant friedelin and its isomers. The sap/heartwood included γ-sitosterol et al. Conclusion: The main chemical components of the extracts of Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima in bark and sap/heartwood have a large difference, and there also have a certain difference in component contents. The height of the trunk also has a certain influence on the extract content of these two oaks. The middle trunk accumulated more cold/hot water and 1% NaOH extractives, but no significant compositional differences were found. In the actual processing and production of wood, the differences in the content and bark, sap/heartwood extractives of the two kinds of oak wood should be fully considered to provide a reasonable, comprehensive and high-value utilization processing plan.

Key words: Quercus variabilis, Quercus acutissima, extract content, GC-MS(gas chromatography mass spectrometry), chemical composition

中图分类号:

S781

陈媛,晏婷婷,杨昇,付宗营,李改云,任海青. 栓皮栎和麻栎抽提物的化学成分分析[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(4): 191-198.

Yuan Chen,Tingting Yan,Sheng Yang,Zongying Fu,Gaiyun Li,Haiqing Ren. Extractive Chemical Components of Quercus variabilis and Quercus acutissima[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(4): 191-198.

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峰号No.	保留时间Retention time/min	化合物名称Compound name	分子式Molecular formula	相似度Similarity
1	12.452	十六烷酸n-hexadecanoic acid	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	90
2	17.031	二十八烷醇Octacosanol	C₂₈H₅₈O	97
3	18.447	1-二十六烷醇1-hexacosanol	C₂₄H₅₆O	95
4	19.451	角鲨烯Squalene	C₂₀H₃₄O	93
5	21.761	维生素E Vitamin E	C₂₉H₅₀O₂	85
6	23.795	γ-谷甾醇γ-sitosterol	C₂₉H₅₀O	91
7	25.591	3-氧代胆甾-4-烯-27-基乙酸酯3-oxysteroidal-4-ene-27-based acetate	C₂₉H₄₆O₃	71
8	26.701	软木三萜酮Friedelin	C₃₀H₅₀O	93
9	29.461	Friedelin-3-one	C₃₀H₅₀O	85

峰号No.	保留时间Retention time/min	化合物名称Compound name	分子式Molecular formula	相似度Similarity
a	12.452	十六烷酸n-hexadecanoic acid	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	86
b	13.834	亚麻油酸Linoleic	C₁₈H₃₂O₂	97
c	17.031	二十八烷醇Octacosanol	C₂₈H₅₈O	97
d	17.284	邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯Diisooctyl phthalate	C₂₄H₃₈O₄	90
e	18.447	1-二十六烷醇1-hexacosanol	C₂₄H₅₆O	95
f	19.451	角鲨烯Squalene	C₂₀H₃₄O	93
g	23.795	γ-谷甾醇γ-sitosterol	C₂₉H₅₀O	91
h	25.011	—	—	—
i	25.591	3-氧代胆甾-4-烯-27-基乙酸酯3-oxysteroidal-4-ene -27-based acetate	C₂₉H₄₆O₃	71

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