马尾松与枫香根际土壤浸提物的化学成分

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150802

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的] 探明马尾松和枫香根际土壤浸提物的化学成分及其含量差异,以期阐述2种林木根际土壤浸提物的化感作用机制,为进一步化学生态学研究提供基础数据。[方法] 选择立地条件一致的马尾松纯林和枫香—木荷混交林,以马尾松和枫香单木为研究对象,采集其根际土壤,采用乙醇、乙酸乙酯提取分离和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)物质鉴定等技术,研究不同浸提方法2种林木根际土壤浸提物的化学成分及其含量差异。[结果] 马尾松根际土壤的乙醇、乙酸乙酯浸提物分别检测出109和56 种组分,其中相对含量大于2%的组分分别有6和14 种,都以脱氢松香酸的相对含量最高,分别为28.98%和20.36%,2种浸提物均检测出脱氢松香酸和硬脂酸; 枫香根际土壤的乙醇、乙酸乙酯浸提物分别检测出96和63 种组分,其中相对含量大于2%的组分分别有8和9 种,分别以硬脂酸和羽扇豆醇相对含量最高,分别为21.81%和19.01%,2种浸提物均检测出硬脂酸和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚; 乙醇浸提方法下,2种林木根际土壤浸提物均检测出脱氢松香酸、硬脂酸和22,23-二氢-豆甾醇,马尾松以脱氢松香酸含量(28.98%)最高,枫香以硬脂酸含量(21.81%)最高; 乙酸乙酯浸提方法下,2种林木根际土壤浸提物均检测出硬脂酸、棕榈酸、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚和beta-扶桑甾醇氧化物,马尾松以脱氢松香酸含量(20.36%)最高,枫香以羽扇豆醇含量(19.01%)最高。[结论] 2种林木根际土壤乙醇浸提物的有机物种类高于乙酸乙酯浸提物,从物质种类和数量角度考虑,采用乙醇浸提更为充分; 2种林木根际土壤浸提物均以有机酸的相对含量最高,且马尾松含量显著高于枫香; 马尾松根际土壤浸提物的主要化学成分为脱氢松香酸(二萜类树脂酸)、硬脂酸和棕榈酸,以脱氢松香酸相对含量最高,达28.98%,是枫香的7倍以上。

关键词: 根际土壤, 化学成分, 马尾松, 枫香, 气相色谱-质谱

Abstract:

[Objective] The differences of chemical constituents and content of rhizospheric soil extracts between Pinus massoniana and Liquidambar formosana were studied to understand the allelopathy mechanism of the species, and to provide basic data for further studies in chemical ecology of the species. [Method] Rhizospheric soil samples of P. massoniana and L. formosana were collected from pure forest of P. massoniana and mixed forest of L. formosana-Schima superba for extraction and separation of the chemical constituents using ethanol and ethylacetate. The chemical constituents of rhizospheric soils were analyzed by GC-MS, and their relative contents were determined by area normalization. [Result] In P. massoniana rhizospheric soil, 109 compounds were identified from ethanol extraction with 6 compounds' content>2%, and 56 compounds were identified from ethylacetate extraction with, 14 compounds' content >2%. The relative content of dehydroabitetic acid was the highest, accounting for 28.98% of the ethanol extraction and 20.36% of the ethylacetate extraction. The common organics of the two extractions from rhizospheric soil were dehydroabitetic acid and octadecanoic acid. Accordingly, 96 and 63 compounds were identified from the ethanol and ethylacetate extraction of L. formosana rhizospheric soil, each with 8 and 9 compounds more than 2% in relative content. The relative content of octadecanoic acid and lupeol were the highest, accounting for 21.81% of the ethanol extraction and 19.01% of the ethylacetate extraction. The common organics of the two extractions from rhizospheric soil were octadecanoic acid and Phenol, 2, 4-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl). Moreover, the common organics of ethanol extraction from P. massoniana and L. formosana rhizospheric soil were dehydroabitetic acid, octadecanoic acid and stigmasterol, 22, 23-dihydro. The relative contents of dehydroabitetic acid and octadecanoic acid were the highest, accounting for 29.98% and 21.81%, respectively. The common organics of ethylacetate extraction were octadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, phenol, 2, 4-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl) and stigmast-4-en-3-one.The relative contents of dehydroabitetic acid and lupeol were the highest for P. massoniana and L. formaosana, accounting for 20.36% and 19.01% of the total compounds respectively.[Conclusion] The ethanol extraction of rhizospheric soil from the two tree species were higher than the ethylacetate extraction in terms of the number of chemicals constitutes. The contents of organic acids were the highest, and that from P. massoniana was significantly higher than that from L. formosana. The major components of P. massoniana rhizospheric soil extraction were dehydroabitetic acid, octadecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid. Dehydroabitetic acid content was the highest, accounting for 28.98% of the total of all chemical constituents, 7 times higher in P. massoniana than in L. formosana.

Key words: rhizospheric soil, chemical constituents, Pinus massoniana, Liquidambar formosana, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer

中图分类号:

S714.7

段剑, 王凌云, 杨洁, 喻驰方, 万佳蕾, 刘忠. 马尾松与枫香根际土壤浸提物的化学成分[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(8): 8-15.

Duan Jian, Wang Lingyun, Yang Jie, Yu Chifang, Wan Jialei, Liu Zhong. Chemical Constituents in Rhizospheric Soil Extracts of Pinus massoniana and Liquidambar formosana[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(8): 8-15.

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