土壤中不同酚酸类物质对平邑甜茶幼苗光合及生理特性的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150207

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究连作果园土壤中实际浓度的5种酚酸类物质对平邑甜茶幼苗的伤害作用,为苹果连作障碍的防控措施提供理论依据。【方法】在砂培条件下,用连作2年果园土壤中有代表性的5种酚酸类物质(根皮苷、根皮素、肉桂酸、对羟基苯甲酸和间苯三酚),以其田间实测的浓度处理平邑甜茶幼苗,研究其对平邑甜茶幼苗光合作用、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性以及细胞膜透性等指标的影响。【结果】连作果园土壤中实际浓度的5种酚酸类物质均抑制了平邑甜茶幼苗植株生长,降低了幼苗叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(Tr); 同时导致幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低; 提高了脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)含量。5种酚酸类物质中,以根皮苷处理对植株质量影响最大,植株鲜质量和干质量分别为对照的72.2%和61.4%; 间苯三酚处理对植株鲜质量和干质量影响最小,分别为对照的92.6%和96.3%。根皮苷处理对幼苗叶片P_n;Tr、叶绿素含量、SOD;POD和CAT活性抑制效果最为显著,分别比对照降低66.9%,53.2%,57.1%,42.7%,60.2%和81.5%; 间苯三酚处理抑制效果最小,其处理后叶片的P_n、叶绿素含量、SOD、POD和CAT活性比对照分别降低34.7%,13.0%,13.0%,4.3%和24.0%。各种酚酸处理的幼苗叶片MDA含量由大到小的顺序依次是根皮苷 > 根皮素 > 对羟基苯甲酸 > 肉桂酸 > 间苯三酚,根皮苷处理使得MDA含量显著升高,是对照的3.57倍; 间苯三酚处理后MDA含量是对照的1.39倍。酚酸处理后,脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量也明显升高,其中根皮苷和间苯三酚处理的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量分别是对照的5.98、3.03倍和3.38、1.63倍。【结论】 5种酚酸类物质对平邑甜茶幼苗的伤害能力大小不一,其中根皮苷对幼苗叶片光合能力、色素含量以及抗氧化系统的毒害作用最大,因此,苹果连作时,应采取措施降解根皮苷以防止其浓度过高而抑制平邑甜茶幼苗的生长发育。

关键词: 平邑甜茶, 酚酸类物质, 光合特性, 抗氧化酶

Abstract:

【Objective】 In this study, the damage effect of 5 kinds of phenolic acids with actual concentration in continuous cropping soil on Malus hupehensis. seedlings was investigated to provide the theory basis for prevention and control of apple replant disease. 【Method】 To understand the phytotoxic mechanisms induced by phenolic acids involved in this phenomenon, M. hupehensis seedlings were planted in sand and treated with five phenolic acids (phloridzin, phloretin, cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, phloroglucinol) at the respective original concentration in the orchard soils. The effects of phenolic acids on the photosynthetic rate and antioxidant systems of M. hupehensis seedlings were analyzed. 【Result】 The plant growth, photosynthetic parameters (P_n, G_s, T_r), chlorophyll contents, activities of superoxidase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and soluble protein were measured. The results showed that all five kinds of phenolic acids in a continuous cropping orchard all inhibited the growth of M. hupehensis seedlings, and reduced the photosynthetic rate and pigment contents in the leaves. At the same time, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT declined, while the proline, soluble protein, malondialdehyde contents increased under the phenolic acids stress. Among the 5 kinds of phenolic acids, the phlorizin treatment obviously reduced the fresh and dry weight, to 72.2% and 61.4% of the control, respectively. Phloroglucinol had the least impact on the fresh and dry weight, only reduced to 92.6% and 96.3%, respectively. Compared to the control, phlorizin distinctly reduced the P_n, T_r, chlorophyll contents, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, by 66.9%, 53.2%, 57.1%, 42.7%, 60.2% and 81.5%, respectively;Phloroglucinol reduced the P_n, chlorophyll contents, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT by 34.7%,13.0%,13.0%,4.3% and 24.0%, respectively. The content of MDA in leaves varied significantly among the 5 kinds of phenolic acids treatments, with the order of phloridzin > phloretin > p-hydroxybenzoic acid > cinnamic acid > phloroglucinol > control. The contents of proline and soluble protein were also obviously increased with phenolic acids treatments. Phloridzin treatment led to the highest increase in contents of proline and soluble protein, to 5.98-fold and 3.03-fold of the control, respectively. The phloroglucinol treatment made the contents of proline and soluble protein increased by only 3.38-fold and 1.63-fold of the control, respectively. 【Conclusion】 This experiment showed that the toxic effect on the M. hupehensis seedlings varied significantly among the 5 kinds of phenolic acids. Phloridzin had the most damage to the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll contents and the antioxidant system of seedlings, therefore, measures should be taken to degrade phloridzin and prevent its concentration from excessive high to inhibit the growth and development of M. hupehensis seedlings.

Key words: Malus hupehensis, phenolic acids, photosynthetic characteristic, antioxidant enzymes

中图分类号:

S718.43

王艳芳, 潘凤兵, 张先富, 王鹏, 陈学森, 沈向, 毛志泉. 土壤中不同酚酸类物质对平邑甜茶幼苗光合及生理特性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(2): 52-59.

Wang Yanfang, Pan Fengbing, Zhang Xianfu, Wang Peng, Chen Xuesen, Shen Xiang, Mao Zhiquan. Effects of Phenolic Acids on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Seedlings of Malus hupehensis[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(2): 52-59.

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